Pediatrik Rehabilitasyonda Motor İmgeleme
Özet
Motor imgeleme (Mİ), bireyin belirli bir motor eylemi zihinsel olarak canlandırdığı, bilişsel açıdan karmaşık bir süreç olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Mİ’nin, motor performans sırasında etkinleşen beyin ağlarıyla kısmen örtüşen sinir ağlarını aktive ettiği gösterilmiştir. Özellikle Mİ sırasında nöral yolların tekrarlayıcı biçimde etkinleştirilmesi, motor öğrenmeyi destekleyen nöroplastisite mekanizmalarını harekete geçirerek Mİ’nin nörorehabilitasyon alanında kullanılmasına bilimsel bir temel oluşturmaktadır. Yaşam boyu beyinde önemli yapısal ve işlevsel değişiklikler görülmekle birlikte, en belirgin nörogelişimsel dönüşümlerin çocukluk döneminde ortaya çıktığı bilinmektedir. Gelişim süreci boyunca nöral ağların giderek daha fazla farklılaşması, daha karmaşık ve uzmanlaşmış algısal-motor davranışların desteklenmesini mümkün kılar. Çocukların Mİ görevlerini yerine getirme kapasitesine yönelik bulguların ve erken yaşlarda çeşitli hasta gruplarında Mİ eğitiminin etkilerini inceleyen çalışmaların sayısı giderek artmaktadır. Mİ, gelişimsel destek ihtiyacının belirgin olduğu çocukluk döneminde, bütüncül ve yenilikçi müdahaleleri tamamlayıcı niteliği sayesinde pediatrik rehabilitasyonda öne çıkan umut verici bir uygulama alanı sunmaktadır. Bu bölümde, motor imgeleme kavramı, motor imgelemenin nöral bağlantıları, değerlendirilmesi, çocuklardaki gelişimi ve pediatrik rehabilitasyon alanındaki kullanımı incelenmektedir.
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