Moraceae (Ficus)

Adeoluwa, Olusola & Akinkunmi, Olukemi & Akintoye, Henry & Shokalu, Adekemi. (2015). Rooting, growth and sustainability of yellow Ficus ( Ficus retusa ‘Nitida’) as affected by growth media under nursery conditions. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences. 8. 2071. 10.4314/ijbcs.v8i5.13.

Ammar, Aroua & Ben Aissa, Imed & Zaouay, Faten & Gouiaa, Mohamed & Mars, Messaoud. (2023). Physiological Behaviour of Fig Tree (Ficus carica L.) Under Different Climatic Conditions. 10.1007/978-3-031-16493-4_10.

Arsyad, A. S., Fakhrudin, N., & Nurrochmad, A. (2023). Phytochemistry, traditional uses, and pharmacological activities of Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem: A review. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology, 12(1), 41–53. https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2023.04

Aslami, Zohreh & Ghasemi Ghehsareh, Masood & Reezi, Saeed. (2023). The effect of different LED light spectrums on rooting and growth of benjamin fig cuttings. Flower and Ornamental Plants. 7. 173-184. 10.61186/flowerjournal.7.2.173.

Attia, F. A., Abdou, M. A., & Mohamed, M. A.-H. (2004). Physiological studies on Ficus benjamina L. plants: Effect of phosphorus fertilization and biofertilizers on seedling growth. Journal of Plant Production, 29(2), 787–797. https://doi.org/10.21608/jpp.2004.238509

Berg, C. C., & Corner, E. J. H. (2005). Moraceae (Flora Malesiana Series I). National Herbarium of the Netherlands.

Bonsai Direct. (2025). Wiring bonsai trees: a step-by-step guide [Web sayfası]. https://www.bonsaidirect.co.uk/wiring-bonsai-trees-a-step-by-step-guide

Bunt, B. R. (2012). Media and mixes for container-grown plants: a manual on the preparation and use of growing media for pot plants. Springer Science & Business Media.

Brady, N. C., & Weil, R. R. (2017). The nature and properties of soils (15th ed.). Pearson Education. ISBN: 9780133254488

Chantarasuwan, B., Duangjai, S., Anuntalabhochai, S., ve Chantarasuwan, S. (2015). A new classification of Ficus subsection Urostigma based on nuclear DNA markers, morphology and leaf anatomy. PLOS ONE, 10(6), e0128289. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128289

Chase, A. R. (1988). Effect of fertilizer rate on growth of Ficus lyrata and susceptibility to Pseudomonas cichorii. HortScience, 23(1), 151-152. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.23.1.151

Chaupoo, Anu Seng, Rokolhuii Keditsu, and Alemla Imchen. 2025. “Impact of Various Rooting Media on Ficus Lyrata ‘Fiddle Leaf Fig’ Capacity for Rooting and Growth”. Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 28 (6):715-21. https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2025/v28i62434

Chen, H., Geekiyanage, N., Wen, B., & Cao, K.-F. (2021). Regeneration responses to water and temperature stress drive recruitment success in hemiepiphytic fig species. Tree Physiology, 41(3), 358–370. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaa165

Chung, Pei-Wen & Livesley, Stephen & Rayner, John & Farrell, Claire. (2021). Rooting Volume Impacts Growth, Coverage and Thermal Tolerance of Green Façade Climbing Plants. Land. 10. 1281. 10.3390/land10121281.

Clement, W. L., ve Weiblen, G. D. (2009). Morphological evolution in the mulberry family (Moraceae). Systematic Botany, 34(3), 530-552. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364409789271155

Cokuysal, B., Cakici, H., ve Erbas, E. (2006). The effect of salinity and fertilizer applications on leaf nutrient status and some quality characteristics of Ficus benjamina. International Journal of Botany, 2(2), 107-112. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijb.2006.107.112

Costa Farms. (2025). Creeping Fig (Ficus pumila) – plant finder guide [Web sayfası]. https://costafarms.com/blogs/plant-finder/creeping-fig?srsltid=AfmBOor29wKct_QJAwZEIvE5Fhc0Ky3eAMV3sM981BS-hywQZs4TFLH2

Criley, R. A. (2018). Propagation of Ornamental Figs (Ficus). International Plant Propagator’s Society

Datiles, M. J., & Acevedo, P. (2022). Ficus lyrata (fiddleleaf fig) datasheet. CABI Compendium. https://doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.24125

Datwyler, S. L., ve Weiblen, G. D. (2004). On the origin of the fig: Phylogenetic relationships of Moraceae. American Journal of Botany, 91(5), 767-777. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.91.5.767

Di Benedetto, A., Galmarini, C., & Tognetti, J. (2020). Differential growth response of green and variegated Ficus benjamina to exogenous cytokinin and shade. Ornamental Horticulture, 26(2), 259–276. https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536X.v26i2.2089

Egamberdiev, S., Kholmurotov, M., ve ark. (2021). Evaluation of rotation of Ficus species in growing environments. E3S Web of Conferences, 284, 03008. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128403008

Elansary, H.O. and El-Ansary, D.O. (2013). Genetic Diversity and Biochemical Activity of Leaves and Fruits of Main Ficus sp. Grown in Egypt. Journal of Horticultural Science and Ornamental plants, 5 (1):30-36.

Fails, Barbara & Lewis, A. & Barden, John. (1982). Anatomy and Morphology of Sun- and Shade-grown Ficus benjamina1. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 107. 754-757. 10.21273/JASHS.107.5.754.

Fleurexcel Inc. (2025). Ficus pumila variegata [Web sayfası]. https://fleurexcel.com/products/ficus-pumila-variegata

FSB Biyoteknoloji. (2025). Doku kültürüyle süs bitkisi üretimi üzerine çalışmalar [Web sayfası]. https://www.fsbbiotech.com

Gardenkoala. (2025). Ficus elastica kültivarları: Robusta, Tineke, Belize ve diğerleri [Web sayfası]. https://www.gardenkoala.com.tr

Gilman, E. F., & Watson, D. G. (1993). Ficus elastica ‘Decora’ Rubber Tree. University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Fact Sheet ENH-341.

Gilman, E. F., Watson, D. G., Klein, R. W., & Koeser, A. K. (2019). Ficus benjamina: Weeping Fig. University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) Extension, ENH-386.

Gilman, E. F., Watson, D. G., Klein, R. W., & Koeser, A. K. (2019). Ficus lyrata: Fiddleleaf Fig. University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) Extension, ENH387.

Green Bonsai. (2025). Ficus retusa: Everything you should know [Web sayfası]. https://green-bonsai.com/blogs/bonsai-articles/ficus-retusa-everything-you-should-know-about-the

Groot, Edwin & Sweeney, Eileen & Rost, Thomas. (2003). Development of the adhesive pad on climbing fig (Ficus pumila) stems from clusters of adventitious roots. Plant and Soil. 248. 85-96. 10.1023/A:102234202544

Hartmann, H. T., Kester, D. E., Davies Jr., F. T., ve Geneve, R. L. (2011). Plant propagation: Principles and practices (8th ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 9780135014493

Hassan, M. A., Ragab, M. E., Abdelraouf, R. E., & Ghoname, A. A. (2021). Effect of some organic growing media on growth, quality and allelopathic activity of Ficus retusa. Plant Archives, 21(1), 424–429. https://www.plantarchives.org/SPL%20ISSUE%2021-1/70__424-429_.pdf

Henley, R. J., Poole, R. T., ve Barrett, J. E. (1989). Production of ornamental Ficus including Ficus benjamina. University of Florida IFAS Extension.

Henley, R. W., Poole, R. T., & Conover, C. A. (1989). Ficus Production Guide. University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS).

Huayang Chen, Nalaka Geekiyanage, Bin Wen, Kun-Fang Cao, Uromi Manage Goodale, Regeneration responses to water and temperature stress drive recruitment success in hemiepiphytic fig species, Tree Physiology, Volume 41, Issue 3, March 2021, Pages 358–370, https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaa165

Huxley, A., Griffiths, M., ve Levy, M. (1992). The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening (Vol. 2). Macmillan.

International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS). (2005). Acta Horticulturae 685: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ficus.

Kobayashi, K. D. (2008). Ficus pumila: A versatile ornamental vine. HortScience, 43(4), 1125–1128.

Loh, Felix & Grabosky, Jason & Bassuk, Nina. (2003). Growth response of Ficus benjamina to limited soil volume and soil dilution in a skeletal soil container study. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening - URBAN FOR URBAN GREEN. 2. 53-62. 10.1078/1618-8667-00023.

Marschner, H. (2012). Marschner’s mineral nutrition of higher plants (3rd ed.). Academic Press. ISBN: 9780123849052

McHoy, P. (2023). “The complete book of houseplants: A practical guide to selecting and caring for houseplants,” Lorenz Books.

Miranda, Julius & Corcobado, Tamara & Jung, Thomas & Martín-García, Jorge & Pérez-Sierra, A. & Abad-Campos, Paloma & Solla, Alejandro. (2012). Susceptibility of Quercus ilex to mixed infections by multiple Phytophthora species.

Nam, Suyun & Hong, Chaehee & An, Seong Kwang & Kim, Jongyun. (2023). Low substrate water content is efficient for the performance of Ficus pumila ‘Variegata’ indoors. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology. 64. 10.1007/s13580-023-00514-1.

Norman, David & Ali, Shad. (2013). Ornamental Ficus Diseases: Identification and Control in Commercial Greenhouse Operations. EDIS. 2013. 10.32473/edis-pp308-2013. https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-pp308-2013

Purbajanti, Endang & Fuskhah, Eny & Isyah, A & Bintang, Surya & Diponegoro, Universitas & Prof, Jalan & Sh, Sudharto. (2022). Physiological Characteristics of Vernonia Bruceae And Ficus Pumila Cuttings. 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.12.02.2022.p12232

Raaijmakers, J. M., Paulitz, T. C., Steinberg, C., Alabouvette, C., ve Moënne-Loccoz, Y. (2009). The rhizosphere: A playground and battlefield for soilborne pathogens and beneficial microorganisms. Plant and Soil, 321(1-2), 341-361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9568-6

Rønsted, N., Weiblen, G. D., Cook, J. M., Salamin, N., Machado, C. A., & Savolainen, V. (2005). 60 million years of co-divergence in the fig-wasp symbiosis. Proceedings. Biological sciences, 272(1581), 2593–2599. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3249

Sachs, T. (2004). Self-organization of tree form: A model for complex biological structure. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10349-3

Sánchez-Blanco, M. J., Ortuño, M. F., Bañon, S., & Álvarez, S. (2019). Deficit irrigation as a strategy to control growth in ornamental plants and enhance their ability to adapt to drought conditions. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 94(2), 137–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2019.1570353

Stanghellini, M. E., ve Rasmussen, S. L. (1994). Hydroponics: A solution for zoosporic pathogens. Plant Disease, 78(12), 1129-1138. https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-78-1129

Starr, F., ve ark. (2003). Ficus species in Hawaii. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk

Strelyaeva, A. V., Kharitonova, A. G., Vaskova, L. B., Luferov, A. N., Bokov, D. O., & Bondar, A. A. (2022). Research on external signs and chemical composition of medicinal plant raw material – leaves of Ficus elastica. Pharmacognosy Journal, 14(6 Suppl), 958–972. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2022.14.197

Susin, S., Abadia, A., Gonzalez-Reyes, J. A., Lucena, J. J., & Abadia, J. (1996). The pH Requirement for in Vivo Activity of the Iron-Deficiency-Induced “Turbo” Ferric Chelate Reductase (A Comparison of the Iron-Deficiency-Induced Iron Reductase Activities of Intact Plants and Isolated Plasma Membrane Fractions in Sugar Beet). Plant physiology, 110(1), 111–123. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.1.111

Şahın, E. K. (2018). Reproduction of Ficus pumila L. (Climbing Fig) with Tissue Culture. ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 28(1), 52-55.

The Plant Company. (2025). Ficus pumila ‘Snowflake’ – Creeping fig [Web sayfası]. https://www.theplantcompany.co.nz/cm-ficus-pumila-snowflake?srsltid=AfmBOorZON2qzsJJhoP8iL6EAs8Kn2Ng2Dc6hayRjH-DUXBwLw0JSoJR

Xiao, Xue, Leonardo Ré Jorge, Martin Volf, Martin Moos, Uriel Gélin, Sam Finnie, Inga Freiberga, et al. 2024. “ The Effect of Drought-Induced Leaf Traits on Ficus Leaf Palatability is Species Specific.” Ecosphere 15(5): e4831. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4831

Zafar, Z., Rasheed, F., Salam, M. M. A., ve Mohsin, M. (2019). Effects of water deficit on growth and physiology of young Conocarpus erectus L. and Ficus benjamina L. saplings. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 48(4), 1215-1221. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v48i4.49078

Yuan, S., Yin, T., He, H., Liu, X., Long, X., Dong, P., & Zhu, Z. (2024). Phenotypic, Metabolic and Genetic Adaptations of the Ficus Species to Abiotic Stress Response: A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(17), 9520. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179520