Crassulaceae (Crassula, Echeveria, Kalanchoe, Sedum, Sempervivum)

Akulova-Barlow, Z. (2009). Kalanchoe. Cactus and Succulent Journal, 81(6): 268–276. http://dx.doi.org/10.2985/015.081.0601

Bailey, F., Allaway, Z. (2019). Practical cactus and succulent book: The definitive guide to choosing, displaying, and caring for more than 200 cacti. DK, Londra, pp: 1-256.

Baldwin, D.L. (2013). Succulents simplified: Growing, designing, and crafting with 100 easy-care varieties. Timber Press, Portland, pp:1-272.

BBC Gardeners World (2025). Sempervivum arachnoideum. https://www.gardenersworld.com/plants/sempervivum-arachnoideum/. (Erişim Tarihi:18.07.2025).

Bruyns, P. V., Hanáček, P., Klak, C. (2019). Crassula, insights into an old, arid-adapted group of southern African leaf-succulents. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 131: 35–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.045

Cabahug, R.A., Soh, S.Y., Nam, S.Y. (2016). Growth of Crassulaceae succulents as influenced by leaf cutting type and planting position. Flower Research Journal, 24(4): 255–263. https://doi.org/10.11623/frj.2016.24.4.03

Cabahug, R.A.M., Nam, S.Y., Lim, K.B., Jeon, J.K., Hwang, Y.J. (2018). Propagation techniques for ornamental succulents. Flower Research Journal, 26(3): 90–101. https://doi.org/10.11623/frj.2018.26.3.02

Cabahug, R.A.M., Choi, Y.J., Nam, S.Y. (2019). Effects of temperature on the growth and anthocyanin content of Echeveria agavoides and E. marcus. Flower Research Journal, 27(2): 80–90.

Canva Pro (2025a). Crassula ovata. https://www.canva.com/photos/MADVeXtXVZI-crassula-ovata/. (Erişim Tarihi:18.06.2025).

Canva Pro (2025b). Crassula ovata ‘Hobbit’. https://www.canva.com/photos/MAE_kmfIN-c-crassula-ovata-hobbit-commonly-known-as-jade-plant-lucky-plant-money-plant-or-money-tree-in-the-garden/. (Erişim Tarihi:18.06.2025).

Canva Pro (2025c). Crassula perforata. https://www.canva.com/photos/MAE5AFjFGy4-beautiful-group-of-crassula-perforata-in-red-pot-isolated-on-black-background/. (Erişim Tarihi:18.06.2025).

Canva Pro (2025d). Crassula rupestris. https://www.canva.com/photos/MADCCfvdeXU-crassula-perforata/. (Erişim Tarihi:18.06.2025).

Canva Pro (2025e). Echeveria agavoides. https://www.canva.com/photos/MADxIiY1A30-echeveria-agavoides-green-leaves-with-flower-bud-succulent-house-plant-on-black-background/. (Erişim Tarihi: 08.07.2025).

Canva Pro (2025f). Echeveria colorata. https://www.canva.com/photos/MAEE8O8D8HM-red-tips-succulent-echeveria-agavoides/. (Erişim Tarihi: 08.07.2025).

Canva Pro (2025g). Echeveria secunda. https://www.canva.com/photos/MADo_imHnqA-detail-of-echeveria-elegans-plant/. (Erişim Tarihi: 08.07.2025).

Canva Pro (2025h). Echeveria shaviana. https://www.canva.com/photos/MAFd9lbz0O4-echeveria/. (Erişim Tarihi: 08.07.2025).

Canva Pro (2025i). Kalanchoe laetivirens. https://www.canva.com/photos/MADBgc5ZCEc-kalanchoe-pinnata/. (Erişim Tarihi: 10.07.2025).

Canva Pro (2025j). Kalanchoe blossfeldiana. https://www.canva.com/photos/MAEEJXmibeU-kalanchoe-blossfeldiana/. (Erişim Tarihi: 10.07.2025).

Canva Pro (2025k). Kalanchoe blossfeldiana. https://www.canva.com/photos/MADCE2WzU1E-mini-yellow-kalanchoe/. (Erişim Tarihi: 10.07.2025).

Canva Pro (2025l). Kalanchoe humilis. https://www.canva.com/photos/MAEdUQX9LpE-kalanchoe-humilis-in-pot-with-white-background-top-view/. (Erişim Tarihi: 10.07.2025).

Canva Pro (2025m). Kalanchoe tomentosa. https://www.canva.com/photos/MADAzinBUc4-arid-plants-crassulaceae-kalanchoe-tomentosa-baker/. (Erişim Tarihi: 10.07.2025).

Canva Pro (2025n). Sedum burrito. https://www.canva.com/photos/MAEt53beef4-sedum-burrito-in-pot-with-gray-background/. (Erişim Tarihi: 18.07.2025).

Canva Pro (2025o). Sedum morganıanum. https://www.canva.com/photos/MADFp0XA9rY-sedum-donkey-s-tail-morganianum/. (Erişim Tarihi: 18.07.2025).

Canva Pro (2025p). Sedum pachyphyllum. https://www.canva.com/photos/MAEAx7iSZr4-green-sedum-pachyphyllum-rose-with-red-top-in-sunny-day/. (Erişim Tarihi: 18.07.2025).

Canva Pro (2025r). Sedum × rubrotinctum. https://www.canva.com/photos/MAELwHQxnt8-jelly-beans-succulent-plant-sedum-pachyphyllum-in-pot/. (Erişim Tarihi: 18.07.2025).

Canva Pro (2025s). Sempervivum arachnoideum. https://www.canva.com/photos/MAFcE2NcgLA-sempervivum-arachnoideum-succulents-cobweb-houseleeks-/. (Erişim Tarihi: 04.08.2025).

Canva Pro (2025t). Sempervivum calcareum. https://www.canva.com/photos/MADQdmd3V0Y-sempervivum-tectorum-plant/. (Erişim Tarihi: 04.08.2025).

Canva Pro (2025u). Sempervivum heuffelii. https://www.canva.com/photos/MAGeC-eE51Q/. (Erişim Tarihi: 04.08.2025).

Canva Pro (2025v). Sempervivum tectorum. https://www.canva.com/photos/MAEbXAWw4Do-sempervivum-flower-flowering-sempervivum-in-macro-shot/. (Erişim Tarihi: 04.08.2025).

Cho, J.Y., Hamayun, M., Kim, H.Y. (2025). Growth dynamics and metabolite profiling of four Korean Sedum species in a vertical farming system: Implications for antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Industrial Crops and Products, 234: 121588.

Currey, C.J., Erwin, J.E. (2011). Photoperiodic flower induction of several Kalanchoe species and ornamental characteristics of the flowering species. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 46(1): 35–39. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.46.1.35

Descoings, B. (2006). Le genre Kalanchoe, structure et définition. Journal de Botanique de la Société Botanique de France, 33: 3–28.

Desert Myths (2024). Crassula rupestris Care Guide: Essential Tips for Thriving Plants. https://desertmyths.com/crassula-rupestris/. (Erişim Tarihi:16.04.2025).

Dortort, F. (2009). Under discussion: Crassula. Cactus and Succulent Journal, 81: 196–203. https://doi.org/10.2985/015.081.0404

Eggli, U. (2003). Illustrated handbook of succulent plants: Crassulaceae. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg, pp: 5-374. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55874-0

Erwin, J., Altman, K., Esqueda, F. (2017). Temperature impacts cactus and succulent development rate. HortTechnology, 27(1): 65-68.

Gehrig, H., Gaußmann, O., Marx, H., Schwarzott, D., & Kluge, M. (2001). Molecular phylogeny of the genus Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) inferred from nucleotide sequences of the ITS1 and ITS2 regions. Plant Science, 160(5): 827–835. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(00)00447-7.

Hassan, M.H., Elwekeel, A., Moawad, A., Afifi, N., Amin, E., El Amir, D. (2021). Phytochemical constituents and biological activity of selected genera of family Crassulaceae: A review. South African Journal of Botany, 141: 383–404.

Hillier, J. (2020). A gardener’s guide to growing and crafting with succulents. Yellow Pear Press, San Francisco, pp: 1-208.

Jepsen, K., Christensen, E. (2010). Method for breeding double-type Kalanchoe interspecific hybrids (U.S. Patent No. 7,847,150). https://patents.google.com/patent/US7847150. (Erişim Tarihi:10.03.2025)

Kapitany, A. (2007). Knowing echeverias. Cactus and Succulent Journal, 79(5): 196-200.

Kellogg Garden (2021). Growing & Care Guide Succulents. https://middletownpubliclibrary.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Succulent-Guide.pdf . (Erişim Tarihi:10.05.2025).

Kuligowska, K., Lütken, H., Christensen, B., Skovgaard, I., Linde, M., Winkelmann, T., Müller, R. (2015). Evaluation of reproductive barriers contributes to the development of novel interspecific hybrids in the Kalanchoë genus. BMC Plant Biology, 15: 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-014-0394-0

Kumar, V., Sharma, A., Soni, J. K., Pawar, N. (2017). Physiological response of C3, C4 and CAM plants in changeable climate. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 6(9): 70–79.

Lalko, A. (2023). Crassula Ovata (Jade Plant): Plant Guide. Amazon Digital Services, pp: 64.

Lopez, F.B., Barclay, G.F. (2017). Pharmacognosy fundamentals, applications and strategies in Plant anatomy and physiology (pp. 45–60). Academic Press, Londra.

Lüttge, U. (2004). Ecophysiology of Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). Annals of Botany, 93(6): 629–652. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mch087

MacKenzie, K.K., Lütken, H., Coelho, L.L., Kaaber, M.D., Hegelund, J.N., Müller, R. (2018). Kalanchoë in Ornamental crops. Springer, Cham, pp: 453–479.

Madriz-Ordeñana, K., Jørgensen, H.J.L., Balan, A., Sørensen, D.M., Nielsen, K.L., Thordal-Christensen, H. (2019). Prevalence of soil-borne diseases in Kalanchoe blossfeldiana reveals a complex of pathogenic and opportunistic fungi. Plant Disease, 103(10): 2634–2644.

Messerschmid, T.F., Klein, J.T., Kadereit, G., Kadereit, J.W. (2020). Linnaeus’s folly–phylogeny, evolution and classification of Sedum (Crassulaceae) and Crassulaceae subfamily Sempervivoideae. Taxon, 69(5): 892–926.

NC State University Extension (2025a). Crassula perforata. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/crassula-perforata/ (Erişim Tarihi:10.05.2025).

NC State University Extension (2025b). Echeveria secunda. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/echeveria-secunda/ (Erişim Tarihi:10.05.2025).

NC State University Extension (2025c). Sempervivum. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/sempervivum/ (Erişim Tarihi:10.08.2025).

Noh, E.H., Jun, H.J., Son, J.E. (2011). Growth characteristics and nutrient uptake of kalanchoe plants (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana ‘Mailene’) at different light intensities and nutrient strengths in ebb and flow subirrigation systems. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology, 29(3): 187–194.

Owen, W.G., Whipker, B.E., Rich, T. (2021). Nutritional Monitoring Series Sempervivum (Sempervivum sp.). https://fertdirtsquirt.com/pdf/Sempervivum.pdf. (Erişim Tarihi:07.06.2025).

Owen, W.G. (2023a). Nutritional Monitoring Series Hybrid Jade Plant ‘Minor’ (Crassula hybrida). https://fertdirtsquirt.com/pdf/Hybrid-Jade-Plant-Minor.pdf. (Erişim Tarihi:10.05.2025).

Owen, W.G. (2023b). Nutritional Monitoring Series Pearl Echeveria (Echeveria elegans). https://fertdirtsquirt.com/pdf/Pearl-Echeveria.pdf. (Erişim Tarihi:11.05.2025).

Owen, W.G. (2023c). Nutritional Monitoring Series Panda Plant (Kalanchoe tomentosa). https://fertdirtsquirt.com/pdf/Panda-Plant.pdf. (Erişim Tarihi:10.05.2025).

RoyalFloraholland (2023). Annual Report. https://np-royalfloraholland-production.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/3-Financieel/Jaarverslag-2023/2023-Annual-repot-Royal-FloraHolland.pdf. (Erişim Tarihi:12.03.2025).

Royal Horticultural Society (2025a). Growing guide How to grow houseplant cacti and succulents. https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/types/cacti-succulents/houseplants/growing-guide. (Erişim Tarihi:10.05.2025).

Royal Horticultural Society (2025b). Echeveria shaviana. https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/226329/echeveria-shaviana/details. (Erişim Tarihi:10.06.2025).

Royal Horticultural Society (2025c). Sedum × rubrotinctum. https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/16987/sedum-rubrotinctum/details. (Erişim Tarihi:18.07.2025).

Royal Horticultural Society (2025d). Sempervivum calcareum. https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/96682/sempervivum-calcareum/details. (Erişim Tarihi:10.07.2025).

Royal Horticultural Society (2025e). Sempervivum tectorum. https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/17164/sempervivum-tectorum/details. (Erişim Tarihi:05.08.2025).

Royal Horticultural Society (2025f). Growing guide How to grow sempervivum. https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/sempervivum/growing-guide. (Erişim Tarihi:05.06.2025).

Schoellhorn, R., Frank, M. (2004). Warm climate production guidelines for succulents. https://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/floriculture/pdfs/crop_production/Cacti%20and%20Succulents_ENHFL04-006.pdf. (Erişim tarihi: 10 Temmuz 2025)

Shelf, K. (2018). Essential Succulents: The Beginner’s Guide. Callisto Yayınevi, Londra, pp: 1-184.

Smith, G.F. Figueiredo, E., van Wyk, A.E. (2019). Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in Southern Africa: Classification, biology, and cultivation. Academic Press, Londra, pp:1-328.

Smith, G.F. (2022). Cacti and Succulents Handbook, Expanded (2nd ed.) CompanionHouse Books , Mount Joy, PA, pp:1-256.

Succulent Box (2025a). How to Grow and Care for Crassula Succulents. https://succulentsbox.com/blogs/blog/how-to-care-for-crassula-succulents. (Erişim Tarihi:10.07.2025).

Succulent Box (2025b). How to Care for Sedum Succulent. https://succulentsbox.com/blogs/blog/how-to-care-for-sedum-succulent. (Erişim Tarihi:10.07.2025).

Succulent Box (2025c). How to Care for Sempervivum Succulent. https://succulentsbox.com/blogs/blog/how-to-care-for-sempervivum-succulent. (Erişim Tarihi:10.08.2025).

University of Connecticut (2025). Plant pH Preferences. https://soiltesting-cahnr.media.uconn.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/3514/2023/05/Plant-pH-Preferences.pdf. (Erişim Tarihi:10.06.2025)

World of Succulents (2024). Crassula rupestris (Rosary Vine). https://worldofsucculents.com/crassula-rupestris/. (Erişim Tarihi:16.04.2025).

World of Succulents (2025a). Crassula ovata ‘Hobbit’. https://worldofsucculents.com/crassula-ovata-hobbit-hobbit-jade-finger-jade-jade-plant/. (Erişim Tarihi:10.06.2025).

World of Succulents (2025b). Kalanchoe humilis. https://worldofsucculents.com/kalanchoe-humilis/. (Erişim Tarihi:10.07.2025).

World of Succulents (2025c). Sedum morganianum (Donkey’s Tail). https://worldofsucculents.com/sedum-morganianum/. (Erişim Tarihi:04.06.2025).

World of Succulents (2025d). Sedum pachyphyllum (Jelly Beans). https://worldofsucculents.com/sedum-pachyphyllum-many-fingers-jelly-beans/. (Erişim Tarihi:04.06.2025).

World of Succulents (2025e). Sempervivum heuffelii (Job’s Beard). https://worldofsucculents.com/sempervivum-heuffelii-jobs-beard/. (Erişim Tarihi:06.07.2025).

Zheng, Y., Clark, M.J. (2013). Optimal growing substrate pH for five Sedum species. HortScience, 48(4): 448–452.