Elektromanyetik Alanların Bal Arıları Üzerine Etkileri
Özet
Bal arıları, dünya genelinde tarımsal ürünlerin verimliliğinin artmasında kritik rol oynayan en önemli tozlayıcı canlılardır. Küresel üretimin %35’inin doğrudan polinasyona bağlı olduğu bilinmektedir. Ancak son yıllarda bal arısı kolonilerinde önemli kayıplar yaşanmakta ve bu durum Koloni Çöküş Sendromu (CCD) olarak adlandırılmaktadır. CCD’nin kesin nedeni bilinmemekle birlikte pestisitler, hastalıklar, iklim değişikliği ve besin kıtlığının yanı sıra antropojenik elektromanyetik alanların (EMF) da etkili olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Yüksek gerilim hatları, baz istasyonları ve diğer teknolojik kaynaklardan yayılan düşük frekanslı elektromanyetik alanlar, arıların manyetoresepsiyon sistemini bozarak yön bulma, koku alma, öğrenme ve kovana dönüş davranışlarını olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bal arıları EMF’ye maruz kaldıklarında navigasyon bozukluğu, hırçınlık davranışında artış, ana arı veriminde düşüş ve koloni zayıflaması gibi sonuçlar görülebilmektedir. Bu durum koloni kayıplarının artmasına ve CCD’nin ortaya çıkmasına yol açabilmektedir. Elektromanyetik kirlilik, arıların polinasyon faaliyetlerini azaltarak bitki çeşitliliği ve tohum üretimi üzerinde de olumsuz etkiler yaratmaktadır. Bu nedenle EMF’nin arı sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi ve gerekli koruyucu önlemlerin alınması, ekosistem dengesi ve tarımsal üretimin sürdürülebilirliği için hayati önem taşımaktadır.
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