Tarımsal Üretimde Biyokömür

Özet

Bu derleme çalışması tarımsal üretimde kullanılan biyokömürü detaylı olarak tanımlamakta ve konu ile ilgili bazı temel sorulara cevap vermektedir. Bu soruların başında kullanım dozu gelmektedir. Eser bu soruya Türkiye koşullarında yürütülen çalışmalardan elde edilen sonuçları, ekonomik bakış açısıyla birleştirerek cevap vermektedir. Çalışmada biyokömürün gübre değeri de sorgulanmıştır. Genel olarak literatürde biyokömürün etkisine yönelik çok sayıda olumlu, daha az sayıda olumsuz bildirilişlere rastlanmaktadır. Bu eserde eleştirel gözle biyokömür üretiminde son kullanıcıya gidinceye kadar karşılaşılabilecek olumsuzluklardan pH, toksik bileşik oluşumu ve ürerimi sırasında meydana gelebilecek karbon ayak izinden söz edilmiştir. Eserde ayrıca biyokömür üretim parametrelerinde hammadde ve sıcaklığın önemi vurgulanmıştır.

Referanslar

Chan, K. Y., Xu, Z. (2010) Biochar: Nutrient Properties and Their Enhancement. In: J. Lehmann & S. Joseph (Eds) Biochar for environmental management: science and technology. pp:67-84. London Earthscan. ISBN:184407658X/9781844076581.

Sohi, S. P., Krull, E., Lopez-Capel, E., & Bol, R. (2010). A review of biochar and its use and function in soil. Advances in agronomy, 105, 47-82.

Prendergast-Miller, M.T., Duvall, M., Sohi, S.P. (2011). Localization of nitrate in the rhizosphere of Biochar-amanded soil. Soil Biology & Biochemistry. 43:2243-2246.

Zavollini, C., Alberti, G., Biasiol, S., Vedove, G.D., Fornasier, F., Liu, J., Peressotti, A. (2011) Microbial mineralization of biochar and wheat straw mixture in soil: A short term study. Applied Soil Ecology. 50:45-51.

Laird, D., Fleming, P., Wang, B., Horton, R., Karlen, D. (2010) Biochar impact on nutrient leaching from a Midwestern agricultural soil. Geoderma. 158:436-442.

Luo, Y., Durenkamp, M., DeNobili, M., Lin, Q., Brookes, P.C., 2011. Short term soil priming effects and mineralisation of Biochar following its incorporation to soils of different pH. Soil Bology & Biochemistry. 43:2304-2314.

Ding, Y., Liu, Y.X., Wu, W.X., Shi, D.Z., Yang, M., Zhong, Z.K. (2010) Evaluation of biochar effects on nitrogen retention and leaching in multi-layered soil columns. Water Air Soil Pollution. 213:47-55.

Yanai, Y., Toyota, K., Okazaki, M. (2007) Effects of charcoal addition on N2O emissions from soil resulting from rewetting air-dried soil in short-term laboratory experiments. Soil Science & Plant Nutrition. 53:181-188.

Boyle, S., Ardill, J., 1989. The Greenhouse Effect: A Partical Guide to the World's Changing Climate, London:Hodder and Stoughton.

Castaldi, S., Riondino, M., Baronti, S., Esposito, F.R., Marzaioli, R., Rutigliano, F.A., Vaccari, F.P., Miglietta, F. (2011) Impact of biochar application to a Mediterranean wheat crop on soil microbial activity and greenhouse gas fluxes. Chemosphere 85:1464-1471.

LeCroy, C., Masiello, C.A., Rudgers, J.A., Hockaday, W.C., Silberg, J. (2013) Nitrogen, Biochar, and mycorrhizae: Alteration of the symbosis and oxidation of the char surface. Soil Biology & Biochemistry. 58:248-254.

Denyes, M.J., Langlois, V.S., Rutter, A., Zeeb, B.A., 2012. The use of biochar to reduce soil PCB bioavailability to Cucurbita pepo and Eisenia fetida. Science of the Total Environment. 437:76-82.

Akbolat, D., Coşkan, A., Varol, H. T., & Kılıçarslan, M. (2023). Biyokömür Incorporation Zone Has an Effect on The Soil Carbon Dioxide Emission. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(2), 110-115.

Song W. & Guo, M. (2012) Quality variations of poultry litter biochar generated at different pyrolysis temperatures. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 94:138-145.

Gök, M., Coşkan, A., Onaç, I., Sağlamtimur, T., Tansı, V., Karip, B., & İnal, İ. (1999). Organik Gübrelemenin Toprakta N-Mineralizasyonuna, Denitrifikasyonla Azot Kaybına ve Mikrobiyel Aktiviteye Etkisi. GAP I. Tarım Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, 2, 971-978.

Gök, M., Onaç, I., Karip, B., Sağlamtimur, T., Coşkan, A., Tansı, V., & Kızılşimşek, M. (1998, September). Hasat artıkları, tütün atığı ve hayvan gübresi uygulamalarının toprakta azot mineralizasyonu, immobilizasyonu ve toprağın bazı biyolojik özelliklerine etkisi. In International Symposium on Arid Region Soil. Menemen (pp. 551-557).

Gok, M., Dogan, K., & Coskan, A. (2006, April). Effects of divers organic substrat application on denitrification and soil respiration under different plant vegetation in Çukurova region. In International Symposium on Water and Land Management for Sustainable Irrigated Agriculture (pp. 4-8).

Lehmann, J., Rillig, M.C., Thies, J., Masiello, A.C., Hockaday, W. C., Crowley, D. (2010) Biochar effects on soil biota-A review. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 43:1812-1836.

Göksal, C., Gök, M., & Coşkan, A. (2002). The Effects of Different Organic Substrates on Nitrogen Mineralization and Some Microbiological Properties in Soil. In International Conference on Sustainable Land Use and Management (pp. 10-13).

Pivato, A., Gohar, H., Antille, D. L., Schievano, A., Beggio, G., Reichardt, P., ... & Lavagnolo, M. C. (2024). Air-polluting emissions from pyrolysis plants: a systematic mapping. Environments, 11(7), 149.

Uzoma, K. C., Inoue, M., Andry, H., Fujimaki, H., Zahoor, A., & Nishihara, E. (2011). Effect of cow manure biochar on maize productivity under sandy soil condition. Soil use and management, 27(2), 205-212.

Zhu, Z., Zhang, Y., Tao, W., Zhang, X., Xu, Z., & Xu, C. (2025). The biological effects of biochar on soil’s physical and chemical characteristics: A review. Sustainability, 17(5), 2214.

Adhikari, S., Moon, E., & Timms, W. (2024). Identifying biochar production variables to maximise exchangeable cations and increase nutrient availability in soils. Journal of Cleaner Production, 446, 141454.

Gok, M., Dogan, K., & Coskan, A. (2006). Effects of divers organic substrat application on denitrification and soil respiration under different plant vegetation in Çukurova region. In International Symposium on Water and Land Management for Sustainable Irrigated Agriculture, 4–8 April 2006, Adana/Türkiye pp. 4-8.

Gencer, M., Gök, M., & Celik, İ. (2024). Sustaining Soil Biological Activity: The Role of Extended Reduced and No-Tillage Techniques. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 27(6), 1443-1458.

Zavollini, C., Alberti, G., Biasiol, S., Vedove, G.D., Fornasier, F., Liu, J., Peressotti, A. (2011) Microbial mineralization of biochar and wheat straw mixture in soil: A short term study. Applied Soil Ecology. 50:45-51.

Alaboz, P., Coskan, A., & Isildar, A. A. (2017). Effects of saw-dust biochar on some soil moisture constants. Fresenıus Envıronmental Bulletın, 26(6), 4033-4038.

Küçükyumuk, Z., Erdal, İ., Coskan, A., Göktaş, M., & Sırça, E. (2017). Influence of biochar on growth and mineral concentrations of pepper. Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich. DOI: 10.14597/infraeco.2017.2.2.061

Kemer, Y., & Coskan, A. (2017). The effects of walnut shell and thyme stalk biochar on pepper: plant parameters. Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich. DOI: 10.14597/infraeco.2017.2.2.056

Demirbas, A., Karakoy, T., Durukan, H., & Erdem, H. (2017). The impacts of the biochar addition in different doses on yield and nutrient uptake of the chickpea plant (Cicer arietinum L.) under the conditions with and without incubation. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 26(12), 8328-8336.

Arın, A., Aydın, H. R., Erbaş, S., & Coşkan, A. (2018). The effect of biochar obtained from pruning residue of oil-bearing rose on flower yield and essential oil content of oil-bearing rose. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 444-449.

Demirbaș, A., & Coșkan, A. (2019). The effects of biochar and cadmium applications on yield and nutrient uptake of maize plant. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology (7): 109-114, Special Issue 2.

Durukan, H., Demirbas, A., & Turkekul, I. (2020). Effects of biochar rates on yield and nutrient uptake of sugar beet plants grown under drought stress. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 51(21), 2735-2745.

Kutlay, A., & Demirbaş, A. (2024). Farklı Sıcaklıkta Üretilen Biyokömür Uygulamasının Mısır Bitkisinin Verimi, Besin Elementi Alımı ve Karbon Mineralizasyonuna Etkisi. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 13(2), 376-390.

Demirbaş, H., Sönmez, O., Demirbaş, A., & Kılıç, F. A. T. M. A. (2024). Effects of Different Doses of Biochar Applications on Yield and Nutrient Element Concentrations on Wheat Grown under Salt Stress. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 45(3).

Singh, B., Dolk, M. M., Shen, Q., & Camps-Arbestain, M. (2017). Biochar pH, electrical conductivity and liming potential. Biochar: A guide to analytical methods, 23.

Eyüpoğlu, F., N. Kurucu, ve S. Talaz 1996. Türkiye Topraklarının Bitkiye Yarayışlı Bazı Mikroelementler (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn) Bakımından Genel Durumu. T.C. Başbakanlık Köy Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Toprak ve Gübre Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, Ankara, 72 s.

Mukherjee, A., & Lal, R. (2014). The biochar dilemma. Soil research, 52(3), 217-230.

Lyu, H., He, Y., Tang, J., Hecker, M., Liu, Q., Jones, P. D., ... & Giesy, J. P. (2016). Effect of pyrolysis temperature on potential toxicity of biochar if applied to the environment. Environmental Pollution, 218, 1-7.

Sayfalar

31-42

Yayınlanan

24 Aralık 2025

Lisans

Lisans