Mineral Yemler
Özet
Mineral maddeler, hayvanlarda büyüme, üreme, kemik gelişimi, sinirsel iletim ve enzimatik aktiviteler gibi yaşamsal fonksiyonların sürdürülmesi için vazgeçilmezdir. Kalsiyum (Ca), fosfor (P), magnezyum (Mg), sodyum (Na), potasyum (K), klor (Cl) ve kükürt (S) gibi makromineraller; demir (Fe), çinko (Zn), bakır (Cu), mangan (Mn), molibden (Mb) ve selenyum (Se) gibi mikrominerallerle birlikte organizmada yapısal, fizyolojik ve düzenleyici roller üstlenir. Yem maddelerinin mineral içeriği; bitki türü, yetiştiği toprağın mineral profili, iklim koşulları ve hasat dönemine bağlı olarak değişir. Bitkisel kökenli yemler, aşırı verimli kültür ırkı hayvanların mineral ihtiyacını karşılamakta yetersiz kalabilir veya biyolojik olarak kullanılabilirliği düşük olabilir. Dolayısıyla, hayvanların mineral madde ihtiyaçlarını gidermek amacıyla spesifik yem/yem katkı maddeleri kullanılmaktadır. Kullanılan mineral yemlerin partikül büyüklüğü, hidratasyon seviyesi ve kimyasal formülasyonları (aminoasit şelatları gibi), bu yemlerin biyolojik aktivitesini etkilemektedir. Bu kitap bölümünde, makro ve mikromineral ihtiyaçlarını gidermek için kullanılan yemler, yemlerin fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri, hayvan beslemedeki önemleri ve biyolojik değerleri mevcut literatür ışığında değerlendirilmiştir. Böylece, hayvan beslemede mineral kullanım stratejilerini, biyoyararlanım, elementler arası etkileşim ve çevresel sürdürülebilirlik açısından incelenmiştir.
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