Turizmde Yeni Yaklaşımlar

Yazarlar

Simge Kömürcü Sarıbaş
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9094-3023

Özet

Turizmde Yeni Yaklaşımlar başlıklı bu bölümde, turizmin geleceğini şekillendiren iki unsur kapsamlı bir biçimde ele alınmaktadır. Bu kapsamda ilk bölümde, teknolojik yenilikler hakkında bilgiler verilmiş ve turizm sektörüyle ilişkileri çok boyutlu bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Bu teknolojiler destinasyon tanıtımından pazarlanmasına, eğitimden pratik uygulamalara kadar pek çok alanda yenilikçi çözümler sunmakta, hizmet sağlayıcıların rekabet gücünü artırmakta, özellikle bireylere yeni deneyimler kazandırmakta ve bireylerin mevcut deneyimlerini zenginleştirmektedir. İkinci bölümde ise güncel seyahat eğilimleri incelenmiştir. Bu eğilimler, bireylerin yaşam tarzlarındaki değişimlerin, çalışma biçimlerindeki esnekliğin ve sürdürülebilirlik bilincinin turizm tercihlerine yansımalarını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bağlamda teknolojinin daha da gelişerek turizm sektörüyle ilişkisinin derinleşeceği, seyahat eğilimlerinin çeşitleneceği ve var olan eğilimlerin kendi içinde farklılaşabileceği öngörülmektedir. Özellikle gelecekte, teknolojik gelişmelerin günümüzde olduğundan daha entegre bir hale gelmesinin bireylerin seyahat planlama aşamalarına, seyahat süreçlerine, deneyim anlarına ve deneyim sonrasındaki davranışlarına olumlu katkılar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Referanslar

Abbas, J. R., O’Connor, A., Ganapathy, E., Isba, R., Payton, A., McGrath, B., Tolley, N., ve Bruce, I. A. (2023). What is virtual reality? A healthcare-focused systematic review of definitions. Health Policy and Technology, 12(2), 100741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2023.100741

Abeyakoon, R. (2025). Workcations and bleisure tourism – The complete guide to balancing business and leisure. DayTripto blog. https://blog.daytripto.com/workcations-and-bleisure-tourism-guide/ Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2025

Adepoju, A. (2011). Reflections on international migration and development in sub-Saharan Africa. African Population Studies, 25(2), 298–319. https://doi.org/10.11564/25-2-233

Akkuş, G., ve Akkuş, Ç. (2018). Tarihi turistik alanlarda kullanılan mobil artırılmış gerçeklik uygulamalarının değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 6(1), 83–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2018.176

Akpur, A. (2023). Seyahat danışmanı olarak chatgpt'nin yeteneklerini keşfetmek: Turizm pazarlamasında üretken yapay zekâ üzerine bir araştırma. International Journal of Contemporary Tourism Research, 7(2), 93–105. http://doi.org/10.30625/ijctr.1325428

Akra Antalya. (t.y.). Akra hotel’de iş ve tatil keyfi bir arada! Akra Antalya. https://www.akrahotels.com/tr/oteller/akra-antalya/firsatlar/akra-hotelde-is-ve-tatil-keyfi-bir-arada/ Erişim Tarihi: 13.08.2025

Aktaş, E., Taş Gürsoy, İ., ve Kurgun, A. (2023). Turizm sektöründe metaverse’ün geleceği: Araç mı, amaç mı?. International Journal of Contemporary Tourism Research, 7(2), 143–152. http://doi.org/10.30625/ijctr.1389900

Akyürek, S., Genç, G., Çalık, İ., ve Şengel, Ü. (2024). Metaverse in tourism education: A mixed method on vision, challenges and extended technology acceptance model. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 35, 100503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2024.100503

Aldawsari, R., Buhalis, D., ve Roushan, G. (2025). Immersive metaverse technologies for education and training in tourism and hospitality. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-01-2025-0126

Alkan Meşhur, H. F. (2010). Organizasyonların tele çalışmaya ilişkin tutumlarına yönelik bir araştırma. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(1), 1–24.

Arısoy, B. (2024). Digital nomadism and the tourism industry labor markets. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 16(3), 383–395. https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-03-2024-0062

Atar, A. (2020). Diaspora turizmi. A. Olcay (Ed.), Alternatif Turizm içinde (ss. 325-343), Gazi.

Avcı, Ü., ve Akgül, F. (2024). The effect of metaverse technologies on education and human-computerinteraction: A systematic analysis of the literature. Journal of Educational Technology & Online Learning, 7(1), 1–16. http://doi.org/10.31681/jetol.1302048

Azadaliyev, S., ve Demirkol, S. (2023). Turizm sektöründe artırılmış gerçeklik ve dijital dönüşümün değerlendirilmesi. Turizm Çalışmaları Dergisi, 5(1), 11–26.

Bassyiouny, M., ve Wilkesmann, M. (2023). Going on workation – Is tourism research ready to take off? Exploring an emerging phenomenon of hybrid tourism. Tourism Management Perspectives, 46, 101096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2023.101096

Batat, W. (2021). How augmented reality (AR) is transforming the restaurant sector: Investigating the impact of “Le Petit Chef” on customers’ dining experiences. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 172, 121013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121013

Batu, M., ve Kocaömer, C. (2023). Metaverse nedir? Literatür art alanı bağlamında yeni bir tanım önerisi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (51), 92–112. https://doi.org/10.52642/susbed.1277793

Baum, T. (2012, 10 Nisan). Migrant workers in the international hotel industry (International Migration Paper No. 112). International Labour Office. https://www.ilo.org/publications/migrant-workers-international-hotel-industry-0 Erişim Tarihi: 12.08.2025

Bekele, M. K., Pierdicca, R., Frontoni, E., Malinverni, E. S., ve Gain, J. E. (2018). A survey of augmented, virtual, and mixed reality for cultural heritage. Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage, 11(2), 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3145534

Belanche, D., Casaló, L. V., Flavián, C., ve Schepers, J. (2020). Service robot implementation: a theoretical framework and research agenda. The Service Industries Journal, 40(3–4), 203–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2019.1672666

Berlin Augmented. (t.y.). Timetraveler App. https://www.berlinaugmented.com/ Erişim Tarihi: 01.09.2025

Berryman, D. R. (2012). Augmented reality: A review. Medical Reference Services Quarterly, 31(2), 212–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/02763869.2012.670604

Beyaz, Z. (2020). Turizm endüstrisinde işçiliğin farklı görünümleri: Göçmenler, kadınlar ve çocuklar. Sosyal Araştırmalar ve Davranış Bilimleri, 6(10), 65–101. ¬¬¬ ¬¬¬

Boboc, R. G., Băutu, E., Gîrbacia, F., Popovici, N., ve Popovici, D. -M. (2022). Augmented reality in cultural heritage: An overview of the last decade of applications. Applied Sciences, 12(19), 9859. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12199859

Bozdoğan, M., ve Özuz Dağdelen, E. (2022). Seyahat, çalışma ve boş zamanın kesişiminde yeni bir grup: Dijital göçebeler. İnsan Hareketliliği Uluslararası Dergisi, 2(2), 270–297.

Bozzi, A. (2024). Digital nomadism from the perspective of places and mobilities: A literature review. European Transport Research Review. 16(50), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12544-024-00663-z

Brause, D. (2006). Ecotourism guidelines. Responsible Travel Handbook içinde (ss. 47–48). https://www.transitionsabroad.com/listings/travel/responsible/responsible_travel_handbook.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 12.08.2025

Buckley, R. (2009). Ecotourism: Principles and Practices. CABI.

Buhalis, D., Leung, D., ve Lin, M. (2023). Metaverse as a disruptive technology revolutionising tourism management and marketing. Tourism Management, 97, 104724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2023.104724

Bünstorf, N., ve Lege, F. (2025). The workation megatrend: a promising opportunity for the hospitality sector?. Tourism Today, (23), 28–47.

C&A. (t.y.). Eco-friendly travel tips on choosing sustainable modes of transport and accommodation. https://www.c-and-a.com/eu/en/shop/tips-on-environmentally-friendly-travel Erişim Tarihi: 14.08.2025

Cabi Bilge, A. (2023). Bir yapay zekâ destekli dil modeli olan chatgpt’nin turizm sektöründe potansiyel ve hayata geçen uygulamaları. Journal of Recreation and Tourism Research, 10(3), 139–155. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8393590

Carmigniani, J., ve Furht, B. (2011). Augmented reality: An overview. B. Furht (Ed.), Handbook of Augmented Reality içinde (ss. 3–46). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0064-6_1

Ch’ng, E., Li, Y., Cai, S., ve Leow, F.-T. (2020). The effects of VR environments on the acceptance, experience, and expectations of cultural heritage learning. Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage, 13(1), 7, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1145/3352933

Chang, J. Y.-S., Lim, X. J., Luo, X., Cheah, J.-H., Morrison, A. M., ve Hall, C. M. (2024). Modelling generation Z tourists' social responsibility toward environmentally responsible behaviour: The role of eco-travel cravings. International Journal of Tourism Research, 26(4), e2695. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2695

Chen, M., Wang, X., Law, R., ve Zhang, M. (2023). Research on the frontier and prospect of service robots in the tourism and hospitality industry based on international core journals: A review. Behavioral Sciences, 13(7), 560. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13070560

Chiao, H.-M., Chen, Y.-L., ve Huang, W.-H. (2018). Examining the usability of an online virtual tour-guiding platform for cultural tourism education. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 23, 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2018.05.002

Choe, J. Y. J., Chen, Z., Kang, S., ve Kang, J. S. E. (2025). Exploring motivations for workations: A mixed-methods approach. Tourism Management, 111, 105217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2025.105217

Cianciarulo, D. (2015). From local traditions to “Augmented Reality”. The MUVIG museum of viggiano (Italy). Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 188, 138–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.349

Cirulis, A., De Paolis, L. T., ve Tutberidze, M. (2015). Virtualization of digitalized cultural heritage and use case scenario modeling for sustainability promotion of national identity. Procedia Computer Science, 77, 199–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.12.384

Cook, D. (2023). What is a digital nomad? Definition and taxonomy in the era of mainstream remote work. World Leisure Journal, 65(2), 256–275. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2023.2190608

Cranmer, E. E., tom Dieck, M. C., ve Fountoulaki, P. (2020). Exploring the value of augmented reality for tourism. Tourism Management Perspectives, 35, 100672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100672

Cummings, J. J., ve Bailenson, J. N. (2016). How immersive is enough? A meta-analysis of the effect of immersive technology on user presence. Media Psychology, 19(2), 272–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2015.1015740

Çelik Uğuz, S. (2012). Göç ve turizm: Türkiye-Almanya örneği. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(19), 177–185.

Çelik, G. (2023). A new field in music production: Metaverse concerts. Ege Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Medya ve İletişim Araştırmaları Hakemli E-Dergisi, (12), 4–24. https://doi.org/10.56075/egemiadergisi.1230583

Çetinsöz, B. C., ve Hazarhun, E. (2020). Turizm endüstrisinde yeni bir trend: Bleisure seyahatler ve motivasyon unsurları. Journal of Recreation and Tourism Research, 7(4), 500–527.

de-Lima-Santos, M.-F., ve Ceron, W. (2023). Artificial intelligence in news media: Current perceptions and future outlook. Journalism and Media, 3(1), 13–26. https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia3010002

Deniz, G., ve Küçükaltan, D. (2021). Göç ve turizme etkileri. Ş. Aydın ve M. Boz (Ed.), Turizmde Güncel Konu ve Eğilimler içinde (ss. 194–204). Detay.

Dereli, G. (2021). Türkiyede yalnız seyahat edenkadınlar üzerine bir araştırma [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. İstanbul Üniversitesi.

Diker, O. (2019). Somut olmayan kültürel miras ile ilişkisi bağlamında etnik turizm. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1), 671–684. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.531408

Dolata, M., ve Schwabe, G. (2023). What is the metaverse and who seeks to define it? Mapping the site of social construction. Journal of Information Technology, 38(3), 239–266. https://doi.org/10.1177/02683962231159927

Dünya Turizm Örgütü. (2009). Tourism and Migration – Exploring the Relationship between Two Global Phenomena. World Tourism Organization. https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284413140

Dünya Turizm Örgütü. (2011). Policity and Practice for Global Tourism. World Tourism Organization.https://www2.gwu.edu/~iits/Sustainable_Tourism_Online_Learning/Mullis/Policy_Practices_UNWTO_book_feb.pdf

Düzgün, E., ve Akın, A. (2022). Yeni bir turist tipolojisi önerisi: Dijital göçebelik. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(2), 596–612. https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.1095735

Eban, F. (2025). A Research on digital nomad’s opinions on destination selection and co-working spaces. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (67), 164–182. https://doi.org/10.53568/yyusbed.1536220

Ecotourism World. (2024). Eco-friendly travel technology for transportation. https://ecotourism-world.com/eco-friendly-travel-technology-for-transportation/ Erişim Tarihi: 12.08.2025

Ekiz Gökmen, Ç. (2018). Turizm sektöründe göçmen emeği: Nitelikli emek mi? Ucuz emek mi? Çalışma ve Toplum, 1(56), 139–166.

Esendemir, Z. (2022, 17 Temmuz). Türkiye'de ilk: Artırılmış teknolojisi kullanılan müze açıldı. TRTHaber. https://www.trthaber.com/haber/turkiye/turkiyede-ilk-artirilmis-teknolojisi-kullanilan-muze-acildi-695187.html Erişim Tarihi: 01.08.2025

Fernandes, M., Mallman, N., ve Shin, S. (2024). The rise of augmented reality in live music events: The cases of snapchat and gorillaz. Business Communication Research and Practice, 7(1), 58–63. https://doi.org/10.22682/bcrp.2024.7.1.58

Fortune Business Research. (2025). Bleisure travel market. https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/bleisure-travel-market-112349 Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2025

Galatis, P., Gavalas, D., Kasapakis, V., Pantziou, G., ve Zaroliagis, C. (2016). Mobile augmented reality guides in cultural heritage. F. Kawsar, P. Zhang, ve M. Musolesi (Ed.), MobiCASE '16: Proceedings of the 8th EAI International Conference on Mobile Computing, Applications and Services içinde (ss. 11–19). ICST (Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering). https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.30-11-2016.2266954

Ghosh, M., ve Thirugnanam, A. (2021). Introduction to artificial intelligence. K. G. Srinivasa, G. M. Siddesh, ve S. R. Mani Sekhar (Ed.), Artificial intelligence for information management: A healthcare perspective, Studies in big data, 88, içinde (ss. 23–34). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0415-7_2

Gil de Zúñiga, H., Goyanes, M., ve Durotoye, T. (2024). A scholarly definition of artificial intelligence (AI): Advancing AI as a conceptual framework in communication research. Political Communication, 41(2), 317–334. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2023.2290497

Goel, L., Lui, T. W., Zhang, J. Z., ve Liu, Y. (David). (2024). From technology acceptance to platform attachment: Hospitality training in metaverse. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2024.2418981

Göker Özyürek, S., ve Aymankuy, Y. (2024). Kadın turist ve risk konulu çalışmaların bibliyometrik analizi. International Journal of Tourism and Destination Studies, 3(2), 136–155. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12801889

Grand View Research. (t.y.). Solo travel market summary. https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/solo-travel-market-report Erişim Tarihi: 14.08.2025

Gupta, M., Dheekonda, V., ve Masum, M. (2024). Genie: Enhancing information management in the restaurant industry through AI-powered chatbot. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 4(2), 100255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2024.100255

Gupta, S., Modgil, S., Lee, C.-K., ve Sivarajah, U. (2023). The future is yesterday: Use of AI-driven facial recognition to enhance value in the travel and tourism industry. Information Systems Frontiers, 25, 1179–1195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-022-10271-8

Guttentag, D. A. (2010). Virtual reality: Applications and implications for tourism. Tourism Management, 31(5), 637–651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.07.003

Güçer, E., ve Kement, Ü. (2015). Ekoturizm kapsamında seyahat eden tüketicilerin çevreye duyarlı davranışlarının incelenmesi: Ayder örneği. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Elektronik Dergisi, 6(14), 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17823/gusb.239

Güneş, G. (2020). Sorumlu Turizm. G. Güneş ve Ö. Akgül (Ed.), Sorumlu Turizm içinde (ss. 3–42). Nobel.

Günsan, N. (2024). Çalışma hayatının yeni kavramları: Gig ekonomisi ve dijital göçebe. Akademik Düşünce Dergisi, (10), 122–134. https://doi.org/10.53507/akademikdusunce.1479616

Güvenol, B., ve Kömürcü Sarıbaş, S. (2022). Konaklama sektöründe sürdürülebilirlik: Glamping işletmeleri örneği. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 10(3), 2369–2393. http://dx.doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2022.1096

Hatırnaz, B. (2020). Ekoturizm. A. Olcay (Ed.), Alternatif Turizm içinde (ss. 361-378). Gazi.

Hollander, J. (2025, 13 Şubat). How AI is reshaping every corner of hotel operations and the guest experience. Hotel Technology News. https://hoteltechnologynews.com/2025/02/how-ai-is-reshaping-every-corner-of-hotel-operations-and-the-guest-experience/ Erişim Tarihi: 06.09.2025

Hwang, G.-J., ve Chien, S.-Y. (2022). Definition, roles, and potential research issues of the metaverse in education: An artificial intelligence perspective. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3, 100082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100082

IBM. (2016). Hilton and IBM pilot “Connie,” the world’s first watson-enabled hotel concierge. https://uk.newsroom.ibm.com/2016-Mar-09-Hilton-and-IBM-Pilot-Connie-The-Worlds-First-Watson-Enabled-Hotel-Concierge Erişim Tarihi: 09.08.2025

IFR. (2025). https://ifr.org/ Erişim Tarihi: 01.08.2025

Ivanov, S. (2017). Robonomics - principles, benefits, challenges, solutions. Yearbook of Varna University of Management, 10, 283–293.

İbiş, S. (2019). Turizm endüstrisinde robotlaşma. Türk Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(3), 403–420. https://doi.org/10.26677/TR1010.2019.169

Johns, R. (2024, 25 Eylül). Augmented reality in music: Top artists and how the tech works. Music Injection. https://musicinjection.com.au/2024/09/25/augmented-reality-in-music-top-artists-and-how-the-tech-works/ Erişim Tarihi: 02.08.2025

Joppe, M. (2012). Migrant workers: Challenges and opportunities in addressing tourism labour shortages. Tourism Management, 33(3), 662–671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.07.009

Kahveci, A. H. F., ve Sondaş, A. (2023). Eğitimde sanal gerçeklik teknolojisine genel bakış. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 6–13. https://doi.org/10.53410/koufbd.1134394

Karakulle, İ., ve Aktepe, Ş. (2023). İşletmelerde rekabet üstünlüğü sağlamada yapay zeka kullanımı: E-ticaret sitelerinin mobil uygulamalar örneği. Fenerbahçe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), 30–46. https://doi.org/10.58620/fbujoss.1287967

Kasalak, M. A., Bozca, S., ve Bahar, M. (2019). Turist rehberleri için yeni bir turizm türü: Bleisure. Journal of Travel and Tourism Research, 15(15), 27–38.

Kayabaşı, Y. (2025). Sanal gerçeklik ve eğitim amaçlı kullanılması. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology (TOJET), 4(3), 151–158.

Kayapa, N., ve Tong, T. (2011). Sanal gerçeklik ortamında algı. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 3(2/Özel Sayı), 348–354.

Kılıçarslan, Ö., Yozukmaz, N., Albayrak, T., ve Buhalis, D. (2025). The impacts of Metaverse on tourist behaviour and marketing implications. Current Issues in Tourism, 28(4), 622–644. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2024.2326989

Kim, J. (2021). Advertising in the metaverse: Research agenda. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 21(3), 141–144. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2021.2001273

Kocaman, S. (2022). Turizmde dijital göçebe araştırmaları: Sistematik literatür taraması. Turizm Akademik Dergisi, 9(2), 447–462.

Koç, E., Yazıcı Ayyıldız, A., ve Baykal, M. (2024). Tourist behavior after service robots. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Tourism, 9(2), 87–98. https://doi.org/10.31822/jomat.2024-9-2-87

Kolbjørnsrud, V., Amico, R., ve Thomas, R. J. (2017). Partnering with AI: how organizations can win over skeptical managers. Strategy & Leadership, 45(1), 37–43. https://doi.org/10.1108/SL-12-2016-0085

Konstantinova, S. (2019). Digital transformation in tourism. Knowledge International Journal 35(1), 188–193.

Kozak, M., Çetin, G., ve Alrawadieh, Z. (2024). Repositioning work and leisure: Digital nomads versus tourists. International Journal of Tourism Research, 26(4), e2732. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2732

Kömürcü, S., İşevcan Ertamay, S., ve Güler, M. E. (2019). Impacts of technological development on employment structure of tourism industry. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 19(1), 146–165. http://dx.doi.org/10.11611/yead.814765

Kumlu, S. T., Özkul, E., ve Uca, S. (2022). Restoranlarda kullanılan artırılmış gerçeklik (AR) uygulamalarının hizmet kalitesi açısından değerlendirilmesi. Trakya Üniversitesi Kalite ve Strateji Yönetimi Dergisi, 2(1), 23–38.

Kurbanoğlu, S. S. (1996). Sanal gerçeklik: Gerçek mi, değil mi? Türk Kütüphaneciliği, 10(1), 21–31.

Kurt Demircan, G., ve Demircan, Ş. (2023). Diaspora turizmi. T. Dalgın ve M. Civelek (Ed.), Turizmde Değişim ve Yeni Arayışlar içinde (ss. 37–46). Özgür Yayınları. https://doi.org/10.58830/ozgur.pub286.c1121

Kyrlitsias, C., Christofi, M., Michael-Grigoriou, D., Banakou, D., ve Ioannou, A. (2020). A virtual tour of a hardly accessible archaeological site: The effect of immersive virtual reality on user experience, learning and attitude change. Front. Comput. Sci., 2(23). https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2020.00023

Lancashire Lodges. (t.y.). Is glamping really eco-friendly? Sustainable glamping tips and surprising truths. https://thelodgeslancashire.co.uk/is-glamping-really-eco-friendly-sustainable-glamping-tips-and-surprising-truths Erişim Tarihi: 14.08.2025

Lee, S. O., Wu, Q., ve Hyun, S. S. (2024). Hospitality and tourism experience in metaverse: an examination of users’ behavior, motivations, and preferences. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 33(8), 1023–1039. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2024.2358888

Li, Y., Tennent, P., ve Cobb, S. (2019). Appropriate control methods for mobile virtual exhibitions. M. Duguleană, M. Carrozzino, M. Gams, ve I. Tanea (Ed.), VR technologies in cultural heritage (VRTCH 2018) (Communications in Computer and Information Science), 904, içinde (ss. 165–183). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05819-7_13

Lichy, J., ve McLeay, F. (2018). Bleisure: motivations and typologies. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(4), 517–530. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2017.1364206

Lin, L.-P. L., Huang, S.-C. L., ve Ho, Y.-C. (2020). Could virtual reality effectively market slow travel in a heritage destination?. Tourism Management, 78, 104027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.104027

Liu, J., Li, Y., Li, W., ve Liu, D. (2025). Encountering robots: Customers’ autonomous behaviors in tourism services. Tourism Management, 106, 105027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2024.105027

Mahmoud, A. B., Fuxman, L., Asaad, Y., ve Solakis, K. (2025). Exploring new realms or losing touch? Assessing public beliefs about tourism in the Metaverse–A big-data approach. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 37(4), 1384–1420. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-09-2023-1515

Marriot. (2018). Marriott caribbean & latin america resorts encourage travelers to uncover their place in the sun. https://news.marriott.com/news/2018/06/20/marriott-caribbean-latin-america-resorts-encourage-travelers-to-uncover-their-place-in-the-sun Erişim Tarihi: 01.08.2025

Martins, L. M. (2017, October 23). Augmented reality in hotels use case - holiday inn, the first ever. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/augmented-reality-hotels-use-case-holiday-inn-first-luís Erişim Tarihi: 01.08.2025

McCarthy, J. (2007). What is artificial intelligence. http://jmc.stanford.edu/articles/whatisai/whatisai.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 01.08.2025

McLellan, H. (1994). Virtual reality and multiple intelligences: Potentials for higher education. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 5(2), 33–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02948570

Mehmetoglu, M., Dann, G. M. S., ve Larsen, S. (2001). Solitary travellers in the norwegian lofoten islands: Why do people travel on their own? Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 1(1), 19–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250127794

Merdin-Uygur, E., ve Ozturkcan, S. (2023). Consumers and service robots: Power relationships amid COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 70, 103174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2022.103174

Metin, T. C. (2019). Bleisure. N. Kozak (Ed.), Online Türkiye Turizm Ansiklopedisi içinde. https://turkiyeturizmansiklopedisi.com/bleisure Erişim Tarihi 15.08.2025

Münüsoğlu, H. (2022). Etnik turizm: Kültürlerarası hiyerarşinin ikame edilmesi. Folklor/Edebiyat, 28(111), 681–696. https://doi.org/10.22559/folklor.2200

Okul, T., ve Şimşek, G. (2025). The impact of using virtual reality applications on academic success and retention in tour guding education. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 36, 100540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2025.100540

OpenAI. (2023, 13 Eylül). ChatGPT artık görebiliyor, duyabiliyor ve konuşabiliyor. https://openai.com/tr-TR/index/chatgpt-can-now-see-hear-and-speak/ Erişim Tarihi: 07.08.2025

Otegui-Carles, A., Araújo-Vila, N., ve Fraiz-Brea, J. A. (2022). Travel research and its gender perspective: A critical bibliometric review. Tourism and Hospitality, 3(3), 733–751. https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp3030045

Özdemir Uçgun, G. (2024). Examining the effects of metaverse tourism on environmental sustainability. Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 9(1), 303–310.

Özdemir Uçgun, G. (2024). The effects of metaverse on the tourism industry. Journal of Metaverse, 4(1), 71–83. https://doi.org/10.57019/jmv.1466997

Özeren, E., Tosunoğlu, E., Pekyürek, M. F., Seyhan, N. ve Karaoğlan Yılmaz, F. G. (2021). Eğitimde sanal gerçeklik çalışmaları: Güncel araştırmalardaki eğilimlerin analizi. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(2), 390–401. https://dx.doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2021.21.62826-879293

Özyakışır, D. (2017). Göç ve turizm ilişkisi: Kars için teorik bir analiz. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(15), 151–170.

Papachristos, N. M., Ntalakas, G., Vrellis, I., ve Mikropoulos, T. A. (2018). A virtual environment for training in culinary education: Immersion and user experience. T. Mikropoulos (Ed.), Research on e-learning and ICT in education içinde (ss. 367–380). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95059-4_22

Park, S.-M., ve Kim, Y.-G. (2022). A metaverse: Taxonomy, components, applications, and open challenges. IEEE Access, 10, 4209–4251. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3140175

Parvez, M. O., ve Cobanoglu, C. (2021). Opportunities and challenges of utilizing service robots in tourism industry: A tool for recovery from COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Smart Tourism, 1(3), 17–20. https://doi.org/10.52255/smarttourism.2021.1.3.4

Paul, I., ve Roy, G. (2025). How eco-service quality affects tourist engagement behaviour in ecotourism: eco-consciousness and eco activity-based learning and S-O-R Theory. Tourism Recreation Research, 50(2), 385–401. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2023.2275240

Pecsek, B. (2018). Working on holiday: the theory and practice of workcation. Balkans Journal of Emerging Trends in Social Sciences, 1(1), 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/Balkans.JETSS.2018.1.1.1-13

Perruchoud, R., ve Redpath-Cross, J. (2013). Göç terimleri sözlüğü, (31). Uluslararası Göç Örgütü (IOM) Yayınları.

Perry Hobson, J. S., ve Williams, A. P. (1995). Virtual reality: A new horizon for the tourism industry. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 1(2), 124–135. https://doi.org/10.1177/135676679500100202

Petrova, M., Sushchenko, O., Dekhtyar, N., ve Shalbayeva, S. (2025). The prospects of sustainable development of destroyed tourism areas using virtual technologies. Sustainability, 17(7), 3016. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073016

Radic, A., Quan, W., Yu, J., Ariza-montes, A., ve Han, H. (2025). MICE in metaverse: Linking UTAUT 2 and experiencescape. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research (AHTR), 13(2), 123–160. https://doi.org/10.30519/ahtr.1463480

Reichenberger, I. (2018). Digital nomads – a quest for holistic freedom in work and leisure. Annals of Leisure Research, 21(3), 364–380. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2017.1358098

Ritterbusch, G. D., ve Teichmann, M. R. (2023). Defining the metaverse: A systematic literature review. IEEE Access, 11, 12368–12377. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3241809

Sahota, N. (2024, 06 Mart). AI in hospitality: Elevating the hotel guest experience through innovation. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/neilsahota/2024/03/06/ai-in-hospitality-elevating-the-hotel-guest-experience-through-innovation/ Erişim Tarihi: 07.08.2025

Sarı Gök, H., Aylan, F. K., ve Şalvarcı, S. (2021). Yalnız seyahat eden turistlerin seyahat motivasyonu ve deneyimi: Z kuşağı örneği. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi, 16(62), 698–717. https://doi.org/10.19168/jyasar.826883

Sarı, Ö., ve Meydan Uygur, S. (2024). A research on the relationship between tourism and migration. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 7(1), 523–540. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-09-2022-0431

Scarpi, D. (2024). Strangers or friends? Examining chatbot adoption in tourism through psychological ownership. Tourism Management, 102, 104873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2023.104873

Spangler, T. (2022, 28 Nisan). Snap, live nation ink deal for snapchat AR experiences at concerts and festivals. Variety. https://variety.com/2022/digital/news/snap-live-nation-ar-concerts-festivals-1235242722/ Erişim Tarihi: 02.08.2025

Statista. (2024). Service robotics - worldwide. https://www.statista.com/outlook/tmo/robotics/service-robotics/worldwide Erişim Tarihi: 06.08.2025

Statista. (2025). Weekly interest in selected travel trends from March 2024 to March 2025 worldwide, by Google searches. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1448190/interest-travel-trends-google-search-worldwide/ Erişim Tarihi: 14.08.2025

Stone, R. J. (1991). Virtual Reality and Cyberspace: from science fiction to science fact. Information Services and Use, 11(5-6), 283–300. https://doi.org/10.3233/ISU-1991-115-603

Sucaklı, G., ve Güzel, T. (2020). Müze turizminde artırılmış gerçeklik teknolojisi uygulamaları; Dünya ve Türkiye örnekleri. Journal of Tourism Research Institute, 1(2), 71–82.

Sünger, İ., ve Çankaya, S. (2019). Augmented reality: Historical development and area of usage. Journal of Educational Technology & Online Learning, 2(3), 118–133. https://doi.org/10.31681/jetol.615499

Swiss Education Group. (t.y.-a). AR in hospitality industry: Uses, benefits & future trends. SHMS. https://www.shms.com/en/news/ar-in-hospitality-industry/ Erişim Tarihi: 01.08.2025

Swiss Education Group. (t.y.-b). How hotel robots enhance the art of hospitality. SHMS. https://www.shms.com/en/news/robots-in-hospitality-industry/ Erişim Tarihi: 10.08.2025

Takada, K., Murakami, K. H., Yamazaki, A. K., ve Yamanakac, T. (2022). A preliminary study of VR english training material for personnel in the tourism industry. Procedia Computer Science, 207, 3721–3729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.09.432

Tala, M., Şchiopu, A., ve Brinduşoiu, C. (2011). Bleisure - A new trend in tourism industry. Forum Ware International, 1(Özel Sayı), 235–239.

Thomas, G. (2010). Augmented reality film launches at the natural history museum. BBC. https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/researchanddevelopment/2010/12/augmented-reality-film-launche.shtml Erişim Tarihi: 01.08.2025

Tören, E. (2021). Travel motivations of diaspora tourists. N. Vatansever Taylan (Ed.), Contemporary Issues in Tourism and Hospitality a Systematic Approach içinde (ss. 50–66). Livre de Lyon.

Tuomi, A., Tussyadiah, I. P., ve Stienmetz, J. (2021). Applications and implications of service robots in hospitality. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 62(2), 232–247. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965520923961

Türk Dil Kurumu. (t.y.). Robot. (Güncel Türkçe Sözlük). https://sozluk.gov.tr/

UNCTAD. (2025, 07 Nisan). AI market projected to hit $4.8 trillion by 2033, emerging as dominant frontier technology. https://unctad.org/news/ai-market-projected-hit-48-trillion-2033-emerging-dominant-frontier-technology Erişim Tarihi: 03.08.2025

Uriely, N. (2001). `Travelling Workers' and `Working Tourists': Variations across the interaction between work and tourism. International Journal of Tourism Research, 3, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-1970(200101/02)3:1<1::AID-JTR241>3.0.CO;2-M

Ünür, K., ve Sünnetçioğlu, S. (2025). Sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının gastronomi eğitiminde kullanılmasına ilişkin deneysel bir çalışma. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 13(1), 316–345. https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2025.1560

van der Meulen, F. J., Verhoeven, D., Chipumuro, J., ve Majee, W. (2024). AI service robots in a 4-star hotel: Enhancing guest and employee experiences. Research in Hospitality Management, 14(2), 186–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/22243534.2024.2403430

Vatan, A., ve Doğan, S. (2021). What do hotel employees think about service robots? A qualitative study in Turkey. Tourism Management Perspectives, 37, 100775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100775

Wang, H., Du, J., Li, Y., Zhang, L., ve Li, X. (2025). Grand challenges in immersive technologies for cultural heritage. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2475996

War City. (2025). https://war.city/ Erişim Tarihi: 01.08.2025

Weinberger, M. (2022). What is metaverse?—A definition based on qualitative meta-synthesis. Future Internet, 14(11), 310. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14110310

Wilkesmann, M., ve Bassyiouny, M. (2025). From leisure to labor: How workations are reshaping hospitality and destination marketing in the era of new work. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 36, 100991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.100991

Wong, I. A., Lian, Q. L., ve Sun, D. (2023). Autonomous travel decision-making: An early glimpse into ChatGPT and generative AI. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 56, 253–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2023.06.022

World Economic Forum. (t.y.). You can now visit Seoul in the metaverse. https://www.weforum.org/videos/seoul-metaverse/ Erişim Tarihi: 06.09.2025

Worldpackers. (2025). The ultimate guide to eco-friendly accommodations. https://www.worldpackers.com/articles/eco-friendly-accommodations Erişim Tarihi: 14.08.2025

Yang, E. C. L. (2020). What motivates and hinders people from travelling alone? A study of solo and non-solo travellers. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(17), 2458–2471. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1839025

Yeppar. (t.y.). Augmented Reality Restaurants. https://yeppar.com/augmented-reality-restaurants.html Erişim Tarihi: 01.08.2025

Yıldırgan, M. S., Çatıcıoğlu, M., ve Batman, O. (2025). Göçmen işgücünün türk turizmindeki rolü. Göç Dergisi, 12(1), 121–140. https://doi.org/10.33182/gd.v12i1.921

Yıldırgan, R. (2022). Turizmde yabancı işçi çalıştırma: Otelcilik sektörü üzerine bir değerlendirme. O. H. Öztay ve S. Sarıbaş (Ed.), Sosyal Bilimler Alanındaki Gelişmeler 2 içinde (ss. 305–317). Duvar.

Yosunkaya, M., ve Omay, U. (2024). A life between work and travel: A study on turkish digital nomads. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, (87), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2024.87.1577068

Yung, R., ve Khoo-Lattimore, C. (2019). New realities: A systematic literature review on virtual reality andaugmented reality in tourism research. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(17), 2056–2081. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2017.1417359

Zahrani, M. A., Ziaeian, M., ve Bamakan, S. M. H. (2025). The metaverse and sustainable tourism: Opportunities, challenges and future trends. Sustainable Futures, 10, 101006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2025.101006

Zaim, H. (2005). Yeni gelişmeler ışığında bilgi işi ve bilgi işçisi. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, (49), 589–609.

Zhang, Z., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., ve Shen, Z. (2024). Solo traveler typology based on personal value: Incorporating cluster analysis into means-end chain. Tourism Management Perspectives, 51, 101247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.024.101247

Sayfalar

285-322

Yayınlanan

9 Aralık 2025

Lisans

Lisans