Girişimsel Kardiyoloji ve Perkütan İntrakoroner Girişimler

Özet

Referanslar

Martin SS, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Anderson CAM, Arora P, Avery CL,Baker-Smith CM, Barone Gibbs B, Beaton AZ, Boehme AK, et al; onbehalf of the American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology andPrevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee.2024 Heart disease and stroke statistics: a report of US and global datafrom the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024;149:e347–e913.doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001209

Laforgia PL, Auguadro C, Bronzato S, Durante A. The reduction of mortalityin acute myocardial infarction: from bed rest to future directions. Int J PrevMed. 2022;13:56. doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_122_20

Onat A, Karakoyun S, Akbaş T, Karadeniz FÖ, Karadeniz Y, Çakır H, Şimşek B, Can G. TEKHARF 2014 taraması ve Türkiye'de coğrafi bölgelere göre ölüm oranı ile koroner hastalık insidansı [Turkish Adult Risk Factor survey 2014: Overall mortality and coronary disease incidence in Turkey's geographic regions]. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2015 Jun;43(4):326-32. Turkish. doi: 10.5543/tkda.2015.80468. PMID: 26142785.

Cook S, Walker A, Hügli O, Togni M, Meier B. Percutaneous coronary interventions in Europe: prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections based on data up to 2004. Clin Res Cardiol. 2007;96(6):375 382. ( 10.1007/s00392-007-0513-0)

American Heart Association. 2010 heart and stroke statistical update. Dallas: American Heart Associa-tion, 2010.

American Heart Association Health Resources Utilization Branch, CDC/NCHS verilerinden adapte edilmiştir.

Cook S, Moschovitis A, Meier B. Percutaneous Interventions: Registry 2009-2010 results. European Society of Cardiology; 2011

Beştemir A, Apaydın Z, Kılınç AY. Analysis of Coronary Angiography and Revascularization Rates Made Over 5 Years in Public Institutions in Türkiye. Anatol J Cardiol. 2023 Sep 1;27(9):529-533. doi: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2023.3112. Epub 2023 Jun 15. PMID: 37329116; PMCID: PMC10510416.

Dotter CT, Judkins MP. Transluminal treatment of atherosclerotic obstruction: Description of a new technique and preliminary report of its application. Circulation, 1964;30:654.

Gruentzig AR. Die perkutane transluminale Rekanalisation chronicher arterieller verschlusse (Dotter Prinzip) mit enem doppellumigen Dilatations- Katheter. Fortschr Roentgenstr, 1976;124:80.

Gruentzig AR, Senning A, Siegenthaler WE. Non-ope- rative dilatation of coronary artery stenosis: Percuta- neous transluminal coronary angioplasty. N Eng J Med, 1979;301:61.

Fattori R, Piva T. Drug-eluting stents in vascular intervention Lancet, 2003;361:247-9.

Barry WH, Levin DC, Gren LH et al. Left heart catheterization and angiography via the percutaneous femoral approach using an arterial sheath. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn, 1979;5:401.

Taguchi H, Kawarabayashi T, Tanaka A et al. Efficacy and safety of PTCA using brachial approach and low-dose heparin. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv, 2001;54:165-8.

Valgimigli M, Bueno H, Byrne RA, Collet JP, Costa F, Jeppsson A, Jüni P, Kastrati A, Kolh P, Mauri L, Montalescot G, Neumann FJ, Petricevic M, Roffi M, Steg PG, Windecker S, Zamorano JL, Levine GN; ESC Scientific Document Group; ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG); ESC National Cardiac Societies. 2017 ESC focused update on dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease developed in collaboration with EACTS: The Task Force for dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2018 Jan 14;39(3):213-260. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx419. PMID: 28886622.

Vranckx P, Valgimigli M, Jüni P, Hamm C, Steg PG, Heg D, van Es GA, McFadden EP, Onuma Y, van Meijeren C, Chichareon P, Benit E, Möllmann H, Janssens L, Ferrario M, Moschovitis A, Zurakowski A, Dominici M, Van Geuns RJ, Huber K, Slagboom T, Serruys PW, Windecker S; GLOBAL LEADERS Investigators. Ticagrelor plus aspirin for 1 month, followed by ticagrelor monotherapy for 23 months vs aspirin plus clopidogrel or ticagrelor for 12 months, followed by aspirin monotherapy for 12 months after implantation of a drug-eluting stent: a multicentre, open-label, randomised superiority trial. Lancet. 2018 Sep 15;392(10151):940-949. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31858-0. Epub 2018 Aug 27. PMID: 30166073.

Hong SJ, Kim JS, Hong SJ, Lim DS, Lee SY, Yun KH, Park JK, Kang WC, Kim YH, Yoon HJ, Won H, Nam CM, Ahn CM, Kim BK, Ko YG, Choi D, Jang Y, Hong MK; One-Month DAPT Investigators. 1-Month Dual-Antiplatelet Therapy Followed by Aspirin Monotherapy After Polymer-Free Drug-Coated Stent Implantation: One-Month DAPT Trial. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2021 Aug 23;14(16):1801-1811. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2021.06.003. Epub 2021 Jul 28. PMID: 34332946.

Byrne RA, Rossello X, Coughlan JJ, Barbato E, Berry C, Chieffo A, Claeys MJ, Dan GA, Dweck MR, Galbraith M, Gilard M, Hinterbuchner L, Jankowska EA, Jüni P, Kimura T, Kunadian V, Leosdottir M, Lorusso R, Pedretti RFE, Rigopoulos AG, Rubini Gimenez M, Thiele H, Vranckx P, Wassmann S, Wenger NK, Ibanez B; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2023 Oct 12;44(38):3720-3826. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad191. Erratum in: Eur Heart J. 2024 Apr 1;45(13):1145. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad870. PMID: 37622654.

Mauri L, Kereiakes DJ, Yeh RW, Driscoll-Shempp P, Cutlip DE, Steg PG, Normand SL, Braunwald E, Wiviott SD, Cohen DJ, Holmes DR Jr, Krucoff MW, Hermiller J, Dauerman HL, Simon DI, Kandzari DE, Garratt KN, Lee DP, Pow TK, Ver Lee P, Rinaldi MJ, Massaro JM; DAPT Study Investigators. Twelve or 30 months of dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stents. N Engl J Med. 2014 Dec 4;371(23):2155-66. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1409312. Epub 2014 Nov 16. PMID: 25399658; PMCID: PMC4481318.

Sohail Q. Khan, Peter F. Ludman,Percutaneous coronary intervention,Medicine,Volume 50, Issue 7,2022,Pages 437-444,

Schwartz RS. Pathophysiology of restenosis: Interaction of thrombosis, hyperplasia, and/or remodelling. Am J Cardiol, 1998;81:14E-17E.

Virmani R, Guagliumi G, Farb A et al. Localized hypersensitivity and late coronary thrombosis secondary to a sirolimus-eluting stent: Should we be cautious? Circulation, 2004;109:701-5.

Erdim R, Ozen E, Aytekin V et al. İlaç salınımlı stentlerin ilaç farmakokinetiği ve polimer özellikleri. Türkiye Klinikleri J Cardiol, 2009;2:1-8.

Marx SO, Marks AR. Bench to bedside: The development of rapamycin and its application to stent restenosis. Circulation, 2001;104:852-5.

Caixeta A, Leon MB, Lansky AJ, et al. 5-Year clinical outcomes after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation insights from a patient-level pooled analysis of 4 randomized trials comparing sirolimus-eluting stents with bare-metal stents. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:894–902.

Daemen J, Wenaweser P, Tsuchida K, et al. Early and late coronary stent thrombosis of sirolimus-eluting and paclitaxel-eluting stents in routine clinical practice: data from a large two-institutional cohort study. Lancet. 2007;369:667–678.

Wenaweser P, Daemen J, Zwahlen M, et al. Incidence and correlates of drug-eluting stent thrombosis in routine clinical practice. 4-year results from a large 2-institutional cohort study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52:1134–1140.

Morice MC, Serruys PW, Sousa JE et al. A randomized comparison of a sirolimus-eluting stent with a standard stent for coronary revascularization. N Engl J Med, 2002;346:1773-80.

Leon MB, Moses JW, Popma JJ et al. A multicenter randomized clinical study of the sirolimus-eluting The Mayo Clinic experience from 1991 through 1997. Mayo Clin Proc, 2000;75:994-1001.

Sousa JE, Serruys PW, Costa MA. New frontiers in cardiology: Drug-eluting stents: Part II. Circulation, 2003;107:2383-9

Lemos PA, Lee CH, Degertekin M et al. Early outcome after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation in patients with acute coronary syndromes: Insights from the Rapamycin-Eluting Stent Evaluated At Rotterdam Cardiology Hospital (RESEARCH) registry. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2003;41:2093-9.

Lee CH, Lemos PA, van Domburg RT et al. Safety and efficacy of sirolimus-eluting stent (Cypher) in acute myocardial infarction: A substudy of the rapamycineluting stent evaluation at Rotterdam cardiology hospital (RESEARCH) study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2003;41 (Suppl A):21A

Stone GW. Coronary Stenting. Grossman’s cardiac catheterization angiography and intervention 7th edition Lippincott Williams&Wilkins, Philadelphia 2006:492-543.

Axel DI, Kunert W, Goggelmann C, et al. Paclitaxel inhibits arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration in vitro and in vivo using local drug delivery. Circulation. 1997;96:636–645.

Sollott SJ, Cheng L, Pauly RR, et al. Taxol inhibits neointimal smooth muscle cell accumulation after angioplasty in the rat. J Clin Invest. 1995;95:1869–1876.

Belotti D, Vergani V, Drudis T, et al. The microtubule-affecting drug paclitaxel has antiangiogenic activity. Clin Cancer Res. 1996;2:1843–1849.

Stone GW, Ellis SG, Cox DA, et al. A polymer-based, paclitaxel-eluting stent in patients with coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:221–231.

Grube E, Silber S, Hauptmann KE, et al. TAXUS I: six- and twelve-month results from a randomized, double-blind trial on a slow-release paclitaxel-eluting stent for de novo coronary lesions. Circulation. 2003;107:38–42.

Colombo A, Drzewiecki J, Banning A, et al. Randomized study to assess the effectiveness of slow- and moderate-release polymer-based paclitaxel-eluting stents for coronary artery lesions. Circulation. 2003;108:788–794.

Stone GW, Lansky AJ, Pocock SJ, et al. Paclitaxel-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1946–1959.

O’Neill WW, Leon MB. Drug-Eluting Stents; Costs Versus Clinical Benefit Circulation, 2003;107:3008.

de Scheerder I, Gershlick A, Chevalier B et al. The Elutes Clinical Study: 12-month clinical follow-up. Circulation, 2002;106(Suppl II): II-394.

Park SJ, Shim WH, Ho D et al. A paclitaxel-eluting stent for the prevention of coronary restenosis. N Engl J Med. 348:1537-1545,2003.

Stone GW, Midei M, Newman W et al. Randomized comparison of everolimus-eluting and paclitaxel-eluting stents: Two-year clinical follow-up from the Clinical Evaluation of the Xience V Everolimus Eluting Coronary Stent System in the Treatment of Patients with de novo Native Coronary Artery Lesions (SPIRIT) III trial. Circulation, 2009;119:680-686.

Stone GW, Teirstein PS, Meredith IT, Farah B, Dubois CL, Feldman RL, Dens J, Hagiwara N, Allocco DJ, Dawkins KD; PLATINUM Trial Investigators. A prospective, randomized evaluation of a novel everolimus-eluting coronary stent: the PLATINUM (a Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter Trial to Assess an Everolimus-Eluting Coronary Stent System [PROMUS Element] for the Treatment of Up to Two de Novo Coronary Artery Lesions) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011 Apr 19;57(16):1700-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.02.016

Kandzari DE, Leon MB. Overview of pharmacology and clinical trials program with the zotarolimus eluting endeavor stents. J Interven Cardiol, 2006;19:405-413.

Daemen J, Serruys PW. Drug eluting stent update 2007, Part I: A survey of current and future generation drug eluting stents: Meaningful advances or more of the same. Circulation, 2007;116:316-328.

Fajadet J, Wijns W, Laarman GJ et al. Randomized, double-blind, multicenter study of the Endeavor zotarolimus-eluting phosphorylcholine-encapsulated stent for treatment of native coronary artery lesions: Clinical and angiographic results of the ENDEAVOR II trial. Circulation, 2006;114:798-806.

Leon MB, Kandzari DE, Eisenstein EL et al. Late safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of a zotarolimus-eluting stent compared with a paclitaxel-eluting stent in patients with de novo coronary lesions: 2-year follow-up from the ENDEAVOR IV trial (Randomized, Controlled Trial of the Medtronic Endeavor Drug [ABT-578] Eluting Coronary Stent System Versus the Taxus Paclitaxel-Eluting Coronary Stent System in De Novo Native Coronary Artery Lesions). JACC Cardiovasc Interv, 2009;2:1208-18.

Serruys PW, Silber S, Garg S, van Geuns RJ, Richardt G, Buszman PE, Kelbaek H, van Boven AJ, Hofma SH, Linke A, Klauss V, Wijns W, Macaya C, Garot P, DiMario C, Manoharan G, Kornowski R, Ischinger T, Bartorelli A, Ronden J, Bressers M, Gobbens P, Negoita M, van Leeuwen F, Windecker S. Comparison of zotarolimus-eluting and everolimus-eluting coronary stents. N Engl J Med. 2010 Jul 8;363(2):136-46. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1004130. Epub 2010 Jun 16. PMID: 20554978.

von Birgelen C, Basalus MW, Tandjung K, et al. A randomized controlled trial in second-generation zotarolimus-eluting resolute stents versus everolimus-eluting Xience V stents in real-world patients: the TWENTE trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59:1350–1361

Mehilli J, Richardt G, Valgimigli M, et al. Zotarolimus- versus everolimus-eluting stents for unprotected left main coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:2075–2082.

von Birgelen C, Sen H, Lam MK, et al. Third-generation zotarolimus-eluting and everolimus-eluting stents in all-comer patients requiring a percutaneous coronary intervention (DUTCH PEERS): a randomised, single-blind, multicentre, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2014;383:413–423.

Park KW, Kang SH, Kang HJ, et al. A randomized comparison of platinum chromium-based everolimus-eluting stents versus cobalt chromium-based Zotarolimus-Eluting stents in all-comers receiving percutaneous coronary intervention: HOST-ASSURE (harmonizing optimal strategy for treatment of coronary artery stenosis-safety & effectiveness of drug-eluting stents & anti-platelet regimen), a randomized, controlled, noninferiority trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63:2805–2816.

Piccolo R, Stefanini GG, Franzone A, Spitzer E, Blöchlinger S, Heg D, Jüni P, Windecker S. Safety and efficacy of resolute zotarolimus-eluting stents compared with everolimus-eluting stents: a meta-analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2015 Apr;8(4):e002223. doi:10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.114.002223.

Palmerini T, Biondi-Zoccai G, Della Riva D, Stettler C, Sangiorgi D, D'Ascenzo F, Kimura T, Briguori C, Sabatè M, Kim HS, De Waha A, Kedhi E, Smits PC, Kaiser C, Sardella G, Marullo A, Kirtane AJ, Leon MB, Stone GW. Stent thrombosis with drug-eluting and bare-metal stents: evidence from a comprehensive network meta-analysis. Lancet. 2012 Apr 14;379(9824):1393-402. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60324-9. Epub 2012 Mar 23. PMID: 22445239

Grube E, Buellesfeld L. BioMatrix Biolimus A9-eluting coronary stent: A next-generation drug-eluting stent for coronary artery disease. Expert Rev Med Devices, 2006;3:731-41.

Grube E, Hauptmann K, Buellesfeld L, Lim V, Abizaid A. Six-month results of a randomized study to evaluate safety and effi cacy of a Biolimus A9 eluting stent with a biodegradable polymer coating. EuroIntervention, 2005;1;53-57.

Windecker S, Serruys PW, Wandel S et al. Biolimus-eluting stent with biodegradable polymer versus sirolimus-eluting stent with durable polymer for coronary revascularisation (LEADERS): A randomised non-inferiority trial. Lancet, 2008;372:1163-73.

Christiansen EH, Jensen LO, Thayssen P, Scandinavian Organization for Randomized Trials with Clinical Outcome (SORT OUT) V investigators, et al. Biolimus-eluting biodegradable polymer-coated stent versus durable polymer-coated sirolimus-eluting stent in unselected patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention (SORT OUT V): a randomised non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2013;381:661–669

Vlachojannis GJ, Puricel S, Natsuaki M, et al. Biolimus-eluting versus everolimus-eluting stents in coronary artery disease: a pooled analysis from the NEXT (NOBORI biolimus-eluting versus regimen), and COMPARE II (Abluminal biodegradable polymer biolimus-eluting stent versus durable polymer everolimus-eluting stent) randomised trials. EuroIntervention. 2017;12:1970–1977.

Holmes D, Kereiakes DJ, Garg S et al. Stent Thrombosis. JACC, 2010;56:1357-65.

Barton M, Gruntzig J, Husmann M, Rosch J. Balloon angioplasty - the legacy of Andreas Gruntzig, M.D. (1939-1985). Front Cardiovasc Med. 2014;1:15.

Moses JW, Leon MB, Popma JJ, et al. Sirolimus-eluting stents versus standard stents in patients with stenosis in a native coronary artery. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:1315-1323.

Waksman R, Pakala R. Drug-eluting balloon: the comeback kid? Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2009;2:352-358.

Scheller B, Speck U, Abramjuk C, et al. Paclitaxel balloon coating, a novel method for prevention and therapy of restenosis. Circulation. 2004;110:810-814.

Ninomiya K, Serruys PW, Colombo A, et al. A prospective randomized trial comparing sirolimus-coated balloon with paclitaxel-coated balloon in De Novo small vessels. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2023;16:2884-2896.

Byrne RA, Neumann FJ, Mehilli J, et al. Paclitaxel-eluting balloons, paclitaxel-eluting stents, and balloon angioplasty in patients with restenosis after implantation of a drug-eluting stent. Lancet. 2013;381:461-467.

Kufner S, Cassese S, Valeskini M, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of paclitaxel-eluting balloon for the treatment of drug-eluting stent restenosis. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;8:877-884.

Scheller B, Hehrlein C, Bocksch W, et al. Treatment of coronary in-stent restenosis with a paclitaxel-coated balloon catheter. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:2113-2124.

Rittger H, Brachmann J, Sinha AM, et al. A randomized, multicenter, single-blinded trial comparing paclitaxel-coated balloon angioplasty with plain balloon angioplasty in drug-eluting stent restenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59:1377-1382.

Scheller B, Speck U, Abramjuk C, et al. Paclitaxel-coated balloon catheter for treatment of coronary artery in-stent restenosis: results of the PACCOCATH ISR trial. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2011;4:281-288.

Hearnshaw D, Timmis A. Comparison of balloon angioplasty and drug-eluting balloon catheter therapy for coronary artery disease. BMJ. 2017;356:kjc.

Bhatt DL, Schrag JS, Azrin MA, et al. Long-term outcomes with drug-eluting balloon therapy for restenosis in coronary arteries. Circulation. 2019;139:1014-1023.

Rothman MT, Bajaj M, Rojas T. DES versus drug-eluting balloon for treatment of ISR in patients with coronary artery disease. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2016;9:e00435

Kowalski M, Neumann FJ, Römer J, et al. Efficacy of drug-coated balloon in small coronary vessels: the BASKET-SMALL 2 trial. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2014;7:207-213.

Vos NS, Fagel ND, Amoroso G, Herrman JR, Patterson MS, Piers LH, van der Schaaf RJ, Slagboom T, Vink MA. Paclitaxel-Coated balloon angioplasty versus drug-eluting stent in acute myocardial infarction: the REVELATION randomized trial. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2019;12:1691–1699. doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2019.04.016

MacIntyre W, Stewart C. Effectiveness of paclitaxel-coated balloons in small vessel coronary disease. JACC Interv. 2015;8:277-286.

De D, Raval A. Safety of drug-coated balloons in diabetic patients: a multi-center study. Diabetes Care. 2020;43:1095-1102.

Alfonso F, Macaya C, Goicolea J et al. Intravascular ultrasound imaging of angiographically normal coronary segments in patients with coronary artery disease. Am Heart J, 1994;127:536-44.

Hall P, Colombo A, Almagor Y et al. Preliminary experience with intravascular ultrasound guided Palmaz-Schatz coronary stenting: The acute and short-term results on a consecutive series of patients. J Interv Cardiol, 1994;7:141-59.

Gorge G, Ge J, Haude M et al. Intravascular ultrasound: A guide for management of complications during intervention? Eur Heart J, 1995;16:86-92.

Gorge G, Ge J, Haude M et al. Intravascular ultrasound for evaluation of coronary arteries. Herz, 1996;21;2:78-89.

Russo RJ. Ultrasound-guided stent placement. Cardiol Clin, 1997;15:49-61

Nakamura S, Hall P, Gaglione A et al. High pressure assisted coronary stent implantation accomplished without intravascular ultrasound guidance and subsequent anticoagulation. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1997;29: 21-7.

Cervinka P, De Feyter PJ, Costa M et al. Intravascular ultrasound in cardiology. Vnitr Lek, 2000;46:470-5.

Moussa I, Moses J, Di Mario C et al. Does the specific intravascular ultrasound criterion used to optimize stent expansion have an impact on the probability of stent restenosis? Am J Cardiol, 1999;83:1012-7.

Witzenbichler B, maehara A, Weisz G, Neumann Fj, Rinaldi mj, metzger DC, et al. Relationship between intravascular ultrasound guidance and clinical outcomes after drug-eluting stents: the assessment of dual antiplatelet therapy with drug-eluting stents (ADApT-DES) study. Circulation. 2014;129(4):463-70. doi: 10.1161/CIRCUlATIONAhA.113.003942.

Degertekin M, Serruys PW, Tanabe K et al. Long-term follow-up of incomplete stent apposition in patients who received sirolimus eluting stent for de novo coronary lesions: An intravascular ultrasound analysis. Circulation, 2003;108:2747-50

Bourantas CV, Garg S, Naka KK et al. Focus on the research utility of intravascular ultrasound-comparison with other invasive modalities. Cardiovasc Ultrasound, 2011;9:2-10.

Ali ZA, maehara A, Généreux p , Shlofmitz RA, Fabbiocchi F, Nazif Tm, et al; IlUmIEN III: OpTImIZE pCI Investigators. Optical coherence tomography compared with intravascular ultrasound and with angiography to guide coronary stent implantation (IlUmIEN III: OpTImIZE pCI): a randomised controlled trial. lancet. 2016;388(10060):2618-28. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31922-5.

Kubo T, Shinke T, Okamura T, hibi K, Nakazawa G, morino Y, et al. Optical frequency domain imaging vs. intravascular ultrasound in . percutaneous coronary intervention (OpINION trial): one-year angiographic . and clinical results. Eur heart j. 2017;38:3139-47.doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx351.

Kang DY, Ahn jm, Yun SC, hur Sh, Cho YK, lee Ch, et al. Optical Coherence Tomography-Guided or Intravascular Ultrasound-Guided percutaneous Coronary Intervention: The OCTIVUS Randomized Clinical Trial. Circulation. 2023;148(16):1195-206. doi: 10.1161/CIRCUlATIONAhA.123.066429.

Gorge G, Erbel R, Niessing S et al. Miniaturized pressure-guide-wire: Evaluati-on in vitro and in isolated hearts. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn, 1993;30:341-7.

De Bruyne B, Baudhuin T, Melin JA et al. Coronary flow reserve calculated from pressure measurements in humans. Validation with positron emission tomography. Circulation, 1994;89:1013-22.

De Bruyne B, Bartunek J, Sys SU, Heyndrickx GR. Relation between myocardial fractional flow reserve calculated from coronary pressure measurements and exercise-induced myocardial ischemia. Circulation, 1995;92:39-46.

Pijls NH, Van Gelder B, Van der Voort P et al. Fractional flow reserve. A useful index to evaluate the influence of an epicardial coronary stenosis on myocardial blood flow. Circulation, 1995;92:3183-93.

Van der Voort PH, van Hagen E, Hendrix G et al. Comparison of intravenous adenosine to intracoronary papaverine for calculation of pressure-derived fractional flow reserve. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn, 1996;39:120-5.

de Bruyne B, Bartunek J, Sys SU et al. Simultaneous coronary pressure and flow velocity measurements in humans. Feasibility, reproducibility, and hemodynamic dependence of coronary flow velocity reserve, hyperemic flow versus pressure slope index, and fractional flow reserve. Circulation, 1996;94:1842-9.

Schulman DS, Lasorda D, Farah T et al. Correlations between coronary flow reserve measured with a Doppler guide wire and treadmill exercise testing. Am Heart J, 1997;134:99-104.

Seiler C, Fleisch M, Garachemani A, Meier B. Coronary collateral quantitation in patients with coronary artery disease using intravascular flow velocity or pressure measurements. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1998;32:1272-9.

Uemura R, Takayama M, Sekido M, Kiuchi K, Takano T. Clinical significance of pressure measurement in the infarct-related coronary artery in acute myocardial infarction: Evaluation of variables predicting recovery of left ventricular function in the convalescent stage. J Cardiol, 2000;35:247-55.

Pijls NH et al. Fractional Flow Reserve versus Angiography for Guiding Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. N Engl J Med, 2004.

Tonino PA, De Bruyne B, Pijls NH et al. Fractional flow reserve versus angiography for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention. N Engl J Med, 2009:360:213-24.

Sen S et al. Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio versus Fractional Flow Reserve to Guide PCI. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2017.

Reifart N, Vandormael M, Krajcar M, Göhring S, Preusler W, Schwarz F, Störger H, Hofmann M, Klöpper J, Müller S, Haase J. Randomized comparison of angioplasty of complex coronary lesions at a single center. Excimer Laser, Rotational Atherectomy, and Balloon Angioplasty Comparison (ERBAC) Study. Circulation. 1997 Jul 1;96(1):91-8. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.96.1.91. PMID: 9236422.

American College of Cardiology-National Cardiovascular Data Registry Version 2.0. American College of Cardiology Website. Available at: http://www.acc.org/ncdr/cathlab.htm. Accessed April 4, 2001.

Smith SC, Dove JT, Jacobs AK et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for percutaneous coronary intervention: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1993 Guidelines for Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty). J Am Coll Cardiol, 2001;37:2239i-lxvi.

Smith SC, Dove JT, Jacobs AK et al. ACC/AHA guide- lines for percutaneous coronary intervention: A report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1993 Guidelines for Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty). J Am Coll Cardiol, 2001;37:2239i-lxvi.

Kent KM, Bentivoglio LG, Block PC et al. Long-term efficacy of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA): Report from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PTCA Registry. Am J Cardiol, 1984;53:27C-31C.

Parasca CA, Head SJ, Milojevic M, Mack MJ, Serruys PW, Morice MC, Mohr FW, Feldman TE, Colombo A, Dawkins KD, Holmes DR Jr, Kappetein PA; SYNTAX Investigators. Incidence, Characteristics, Predictors, and Outcomes of Repeat Revascularization After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: The SYNTAX Trial at 5 Years. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2016 Dec 26;9(24):2493-2507. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2016.09.044. PMID: 28007201.

Ahmad Y, Howard JP, Arnold AD, Cook CM, Prasad M, Ali ZA, Parikh MA, Kosmidou I, Francis DP, Moses JW, Leon MB, Kirtane AJ, Stone GW, Karmpaliotis D. Mortality after drug-eluting stents vs. coronary artery bypass grafting for left main coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur Heart J. 2020 Sep 7;41(34):3228-3235. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa135. PMID: 32118272; PMCID: PMC7557472.

Holm NR, Mäkikallio T, Lindsay MM, Spence MS, Erglis A, Menown IBA, Trovik T, Kellerth T, Kalinauskas G, Mogensen LJH, Nielsen PH, Niemelä M, Lassen JF, Oldroyd K, Berg G, Stradins P, Walsh SJ, Graham ANJ, Endresen PC, Fröbert O, Trivedi U, Anttila V, Hildick-Smith D, Thuesen L, Christiansen EH; NOBLE investigators. Percutaneous coronary angioplasty versus coronary artery bypass grafting in the treatment of unprotected left main stenosis: updated 5-year outcomes from the randomised, non-inferiority NOBLE trial. Lancet. 2020 Jan 18;395(10219):191-199. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32972-1. Epub 2019 Dec 23. PMID: 31879028.

Gianoli M, de Jong AR, Jacob KA, Namba HF, van der Kaaij NP, van der Harst P, J L Suyker W. Minimally invasive surgery or stenting for left anterior descending artery disease - meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc. 2022 May 10;40:101046. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2022.101046. PMID: 35573649; PMCID: PMC9098394.

Patel NC, Hemli JM, Seetharam K, Singh VP, Scheinerman SJ, Pirelli L, Brinster DR, Kim MC. Minimally invasive coronary bypass versus percutaneous coronary intervention for isolated complex stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2022 May;163(5):1839-1846.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.04.171. Epub 2020 May 29. PMID: 32653282.

Thuijs DJFM, Kappetein AP, Serruys PW, Mohr FW, Morice MC, Mack MJ, Holmes DR Jr, Curzen N, Davierwala P, Noack T, Milojevic M, Dawkins KD, da Costa BR, Jüni P, Head SJ; SYNTAX Extended Survival Investigators. Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with three-vessel or left main coronary artery disease: 10-year follow-up of the multicentre randomised controlled SYNTAX trial. Lancet. 2019 Oct 12;394(10206):1325-1334. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31997-X. Epub 2019 Sep 2. Erratum in: Lancet. 2020 Mar 14;395(10227):870. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30249-X. PMID: 31488373.

Serruys PW, Morice MC, Kappetein AP, Colombo A, Holmes DR, Mack MJ, Ståhle E, Feldman TE, van den Brand M, Bass EJ, Van Dyck N, Leadley K, Dawkins KD, Mohr FW; SYNTAX Investigators. Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary-artery bypass grafting for severe coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 2009 Mar 5;360(10):961-72. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0804626. Epub 2009 Feb 18. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2013 Feb 7;368(6):584. PMID: 19228612.

Thuijs DJFM, Kappetein AP, Serruys PW, Mohr FW, Morice MC, Mack MJ, Holmes DR Jr, Curzen N, Davierwala P, Noack T, Milojevic M, Dawkins KD, da Costa BR, Jüni P, Head SJ; SYNTAX Extended Survival Investigators. Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with three-vessel or left main coronary artery disease: 10-year follow-up of the multicentre randomised controlled SYNTAX trial. Lancet. 2019 Oct 12;394(10206):1325-1334. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31997-X. Epub 2019 Sep 2. Erratum in: Lancet. 2020 Mar 14;395(10227):870. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30249-X. PMID: 31488373.

Head SJ, Milojevic M, Daemen J, Ahn JM, Boersma E, Christiansen EH, Domanski MJ, Farkouh ME, Flather M, Fuster V, Hlatky MA, Holm NR, Hueb WA, Kamalesh M, Kim YH, Mäkikallio T, Mohr FW, Papageorgiou G, Park SJ, Rodriguez AE, Sabik JF 3rd, Stables RH, Stone GW, Serruys PW, Kappetein AP. Mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting versus percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting for coronary artery disease: a pooled analysis of individual patient data. Lancet. 2018 Mar 10;391(10124):939-948. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30423-9. Epub 2018 Feb 23. Erratum in: Lancet. 2018 Aug 11;392(10146):476. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31740-9. PMID: 29478841.

Kappetein AP, Head SJ, Morice MC, et al. Treatment of complex coronary artery disease in patients with diabetes: 5-year results comparing outcomes of bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention in the SYNTAX trial. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2013;43:1006–1013. .

Posentino F, Grant PJ, Aboyans V, Bailey CJ, Ceriello A, Delgado V, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASDThe Task Force for diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Eur Heart J. 2020;41:255-323

Stone PH, Muller JE, Hartwell T, York BJ, Rutherford JD, Parker CB, Turi ZG, Strauss HW, Willerson JT, Robertson T, et al. The effect of diabetes mellitus on prognosis and serial left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction: contribution of both coronary disease and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction to the adverse prognosis. The MILIS Study Group. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1989 Jul;14(1):49-57. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(89)90053-3. PMID: 2661630.

Vinik AI, Erbas T, Park TS, Nolan R, Pittenger GL. Platelet dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2001;24:1476-85

BARI Investigators. The final 10-year follow-up results from the BARI randomized trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007 Apr 17;49(15):1600-1606. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.11.048. Epub 2007 Apr 2. PMID: 17433949.

Abizaid A, Costa MA, Centemero M, Abizaid AS, Legrand VM, Limet RV, et al. Clinical and economic impact of diabetes mellitus on percutaneous and surgical treatment of multivessel coronary disease patients: insights from the Arterial Revascularization Therapy Study (ARTS) trial. Circulation. 2001;104:533-8

Sedlis SP, Morrison DA, Lorin JD, Esposito R, Sethi G, Sacks J, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary bypass graft surgery for diabetic patients with unstable angina and risk factors for adverse outcomes with bypass: Outcome of diabetic patients in the AWESOME randomized trial and registry. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2002;40:1555-66

Hlatky MA, Boothroyd DB, Bravata DM, Boersma E, Booth J, Brooks MM, et al. Coronary artery bypass surgery compared with percutaneous coronary interventions for multivessel disease: a collaborative analysis of individual patient data from ten randomised trials. Lancet. 2009;373:1190-7

Onuma Y, Wykrzykowska JJ, Garg S, Vranckx P, Serruys PW, ARTS I and II Investigators. 5-Year follow-up of coronary revascularization in diabetic patients with multivessel coronary artery disease: insights from ARTS (arterial revascularization therapy study)-II and ARTS-I trials. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2011;4:317-23

Briguori C, Condorelli G, Airoldi F, Focaccio A, D’Andrea D, Cannavale M, et al. Comparison of coronary drug-eluting stents versus coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol. 2007;99:779-84

Kappetein AP, Head SJ, Morice M-C, Banning AP, Serruys PW, Mohr F-W, et al. Treatment of complex coronary artery disease in patients with diabetes: 5-year results comparing outcomes of bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention in the SYNTAX trial. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2013;43:1006-13

Kapur A, Hall RJ, Malik IS, Qureshi AC, Butts J, de Belder M, Baumbach A, Angelini G, de Belder A, Oldroyd KG, Flather M, Roughton M, Nihoyannopoulos P, Bagger JP, Morgan K, Beatt KJ. Randomized comparison of percutaneous coronary intervention with coronary artery bypass grafting in diabetic patients. 1-year results of the CARDia (Coronary Artery Revascularization in Diabetes) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 Feb 2;55(5):432-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.10.014. PMID: 20117456.

Farkouh ME, Domanski M, Sleeper LA, Siami FS, Dangas G, Mack M, Yang M, Cohen DJ, Rosenberg Y, Solomon SD, Desai AS, Gersh BJ, Magnuson EA, Lansky A, Boineau R, Weinberger J, Ramanathan K, Sousa JE, Rankin J, Bhargava B, Buse J, Hueb W, Smith CR, Muratov V, Bansilal S, King S 3rd, Bertrand M, Fuster V; FREEDOM Trial Investigators. Strategies for multivessel revascularization in patients with diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2012 Dec 20;367(25):2375-84. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1211585. Epub 2012 Nov 4. PMID: 23121323.

Farkouh ME, Domanski M, Dangas GD, Godoy LC, Mack MJ, Siami FS, Hamza TH, Shah B, Stefanini GG, Sidhu MS, Tanguay JF, Ramanathan K, Sharma SK, French J, Hueb W, Cohen DJ, Fuster V; FREEDOM Follow-On Study Investigators. Long-Term Survival Following Multivessel Revascularization in Patients With Diabetes: The FREEDOM Follow-On Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 Feb 19;73(6):629-638. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.001. Epub 2018 Nov 11. PMID: 30428398; PMCID: PMC6839829.

Head SJ, Milojevic M, Daemen J, Ahn J-M, Boersma E, Christiansen EH, et al. Mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting versus percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting for coronary artery disease: a pooled analysis of individual patient data. Lancet. 2018;391:939-48

Sianos G., Werner G. S., Galassi A. R., et al. Recanalisation of chronic total coronary occlusions: 2012 consensus document from the EuroCTO club. EuroIntervention . 2012;8(1):139–145. doi: 10.4244/EIJV8I1A21.

Råmunddal T., Hoebers L. P., Henriques J. P. S., et al. Chronic total occlusions in Sweden--a report from the Swedish coronary angiography and angioplasty registry (SCAAR) PLoS One . 2014;9(8) doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103850.e103850

Habara M., Tsuchikane E., Muramatsu T., et al. Comparison of percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion outcome according to operator experience from the Japanese retrograde summit registry. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions . 2016;87(6):1027–1035. doi: 10.1002/ccd.26354.

Werner G.. S., Martin-Yuste V.., Hildick-Smith D.., et al. A randomized multicentre trial to compare revascularization with optimal medical therapy for the treatment of chronic total coronary occlusions. European Heart Journal . 2018;39(26):2484–2493. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy220.

Lee SW, Lee PH, Ahn JM, Park DW, Yun SC, Han S, Kang H, Kang SJ, Kim YH, Lee CW, Park SW, Hur SH, Rha SW, Her SH, Choi SW, Lee BK, Lee NH, Lee JY, Cheong SS, Kim MH, Ahn YK, Lim SW, Lee SG, Hiremath S, Santoso T, Udayachalerm W, Cheng JJ, Cohen DJ, Muramatsu T, Tsuchikane E, Asakura Y, Park SJ. Randomized trial evaluating percutaneous coronary intervention for the treatment of chronic total occlusion: the DECISION-CTO trial. Circulation. 2019;139:1674–1683.

Wang C, Liu S, Kamronbek R, Ni S, Cheng Y, Yan H, Zhang M. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Chronic Total Occlusion of Coronary Arteries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Interv Cardiol. 2023 Nov 6;2023:9928347. doi: 10.1155/2023/9928347. PMID: 37965179; PMCID: PMC10643034.

Christopoulos G., Kandzari D.E., Yeh R.W., Jaffer F.A., Karmpaliotis D., Wyman M.R., Alaswad K., Lombardi W., Grantham J.A., Moses J., et al. Development and Validation of a Novel Scoring System for Predicting Technical Success of Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Interventions: The PROGRESS CTO (Prospective Global Registry for the Study of Chronic Total Occlusion Intervention) Score. JACC Cardiovasc. Interv. 2016;9:1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2015.09.022

Kim B.K., Shin D.H., Hong M.K., Park H.S., Rha S.W., Mintz G.S., Kim J.S., Kim J.S., Lee S.J., Kim H.Y., et al. Clinical Impact of Intravascular Ultrasound-Guided Chronic Total Occlusion Intervention with Zotarolimus-Eluting versus Biolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation Randomized Study. Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv. 2015;8:e002592. doi: 10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.115.002592.

Tian N.L., Gami S.K., Ye F., Zhang J.J., Liu Z.Z., Lin S., Ge Z., Shan S.J., You W., Chen L., et al. Angiographic and Clinical Comparisons of Intravascular Ultrasound-versus Angiography-Guided Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation for Patients with Chronic Total Occlusion Lesions: Two-Year Results from a Randomised AIR-CTO Study. EuroIntervention. 2015;10:1409–1417. doi: 10.4244/EIJV10I12A245.

Mashayekhi K, Nührenberg TG, Toma A, Gick M, Ferenc M, Hochholzer W, Comberg T, Rothe J, Valina CM, Löffelhardt N, Ayoub M, Zhao M, Bremicker J, Jander N, Minners J, Ruile P, Behnes M, Akin I, Schäufele T, Neumann FJ, Büttner HJ. A randomized trial to assess regional left ventricular function after stent implantation in chronic total occlusion: the REVASC Trial. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2018;11:1982–1991. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2018.05.041

Henriques JP, Hoebers LP, Råmunddal T, Laanmets P, Eriksen E, Bax M, Ioanes D, Suttorp MJ, Strauss BH, Barbato E, Nijveldt R, van Rossum AC, Marques KM, Elias J, van Dongen IM, Claessen BE, Tijssen JG, van der Schaaf RJ; EXPLORE Trial Investigators. Percutaneous intervention for concurrent chronic total occlusions in patients with STEMI: the EXPLORE Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68:1622–1632. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.07.744

Lawton JS, Tamis-Holland JE, Bangalore S, et al. 2021 ACC/AHA/SCAI guideline for coronary artery revascularization: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2022;145:e18–114.

Morice MC, Serruys PW, Kappetein AP, et al. Outcomes in patients with de novo left main disease treated with either percutaneous coronary intervention using paclitaxel-eluting stents or coronary artery bypass graft treatment in the Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) trial. Circulation 2010;121:2645–53.

Park SJ, Kim YH, Park DW, et al. Randomized trial of stents versus bypass surgery for left main coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med2011;364:1718–27.

Buszman PE, Buszman PP, Kiesz RS, et al. Early and long-term results of unprotected left main coronary artery stenting: the LE MANS (Left Main Coronary Artery Stenting) registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;54:1500–11.

Boudriot E, Thiele H, Walther T, et al. Randomized comparison of percutaneous coronary intervention with sirolimus-eluting stents versus coronary artery bypass grafting in unprotected left main stem stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;57:538–45.

Stone GW, Kappetein AP, Sabik JF, et al. Five-year outcomes after PCI or CABG for left main coronary disease. N Engl J Med2019;381:1820–30.

Mäkikallio T, Holm NR, Lindsay M, et al. Percutaneous coronary angioplasty versus coronary artery bypass grafting in treatment of unprotected left main stenosis (NOBLE): a prospective, randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2016;388:2743–52.

Sardar P, Giri J, Elmariah S, Chatterjee S, Kolte D, Kundu A, Nairooz R, Aronow WS, Owan T, Mukherjee D, Feldman DN, Abbott JD. Meta-Analysis of Drug-Eluting Stents Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Unprotected Left Main Coronary Narrowing. Am J Cardiol. 2017 Jun 1;119(11):1746-1752. doi:

Sabatine MS, Bergmark BA, Murphy SA, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents versus coronary artery bypass grafting in left main coronary artery disease: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Lancet 2021;398:2247–57

Whitlow PL. Ostial and bifurcation lesions. Topol; Textbook of Interventional Cardiology, Philedelphia- Pennsylvania, Saunders. 4th edition, 2003;p:345.

Tan KH, Sulke N, Taub N, Sowton E. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of aorta ostial, non-aorta ostial, and branch ostial stenoses: acute and long-term outcome. Eur Heart J. 1995;16(5):631–9.

Mavromatis K, Ghazzal Z, Veledar E, Diamandopoulos L, Weintraub WS, Douglas JS, . Comparison of outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention of ostial versus nonostial narrowing of the major epicardial coronary arteries. Am J Cardiol. 2004;94(5):583–7

Freeman M, Clark DJ, Andrianopoulos N, Duffy SJ, Lim HS, Brennan A, . Outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention of ostial lesions in the era of drug-eluting stents. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent. 2009;73(6):763–8.

Watanabe Y, Takagi K, Naganuma T, Nakamura S. Comparison of early- and new-generation drug-eluting stent implantations for ostial right coronary artery lesions. Cardiovasc Ther. 2017;35(2):e12247.

Pompa JJ, Leon MB, Topol EJ. Bifurcational Lenses. Pompa JJ. Atlas of Interventional Cardiology. Philadelphia, WBSaunders, 1994.

Safian RD, Schreiber TL, Baim DS. Specific indications for directional coronary atherectomy: Origin left anterior descending coronary artery and bifurcation lesions. Am J Cardiol, 1993;18:13-35E-41E.

Lefevre T, Louvard Y, Morice MC, et al: Stenting of bifurcation lesions: classification, treatments, and results. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 49:274–283, 2000.

Louvard Y, Lefevre T, Morice MC: Percutaneous coronary intervention for bifurcation coronary disease. Heart 90:713–722, 2004.

Medina A, Suarez de Lezo J, Pan M: A new classification of coronary bifurcation lesions. Rev Esp Cardiol 59:183, 2006.

Latib A, Colombo A: Bifurcation disease: what do we know, what should we do? J Am Coll Cardiol Interv 1:218–226, 2008.

Iakovou I, Colombo A: Contemporary stent treatment of coronary bifurcations. J Am Coll Cardiol 46:1446–1455, 2005.

Movahed MR, Stinis CT: A new proposed simplified classification of coronary artery bifurcation lesions and bifurcation interventional techniques. J Invasive Cardiol 18:199–204, 2006.

Sianos G, Morel MA, Kappetein AP: The SYNTAX score: an angiographic tool grading the complexity of coronary artery disease. Euro Intervention 1:219–227, 2005

Steigen TK, Maeng M, Wiseth R, et al: Randomized study on simple versus complex stenting of coronary artery bifurcation lesions: the Nordic bifurcation study. Circulation 114:1955–1961, 2006

Colombo A, Moses JW, Morice MC, et al: Randomized study to evaluate sirolimus-eluting stents implanted at coronary bifurcation lesions. Circulation 109:1244–1249, 2004

Pan M, de Lezo JS, Medina A, et al: Rapamycin-eluting stents for the treatment of bifurcated coronary lesions: a randomized comparison of a simple versus complex strategy. Am Heart J 148:857–864, 2004

Ferenc M, Gick M, Kienzle RP, et al: Randomized trial on routine vs. provisional T-stenting in the treatment of de novo coronary bifurcation lesions. Eur Heart J 29:2859–2867, 2008

Colombo A, Bramucci E, Sacca S, et al: Randomized study of the crush technique versus provisional side-branch stenting in true coronary bifurcations: the CACTUS (Coronary Bifurcations: Application of the Crushing Technique Using Sirolimus-Eluting Stents) Study. Circulation 119:71–78, 2009

Chen SL, Santoso T, Zhang JJ, et al: A randomized clinical study comparing double kissing crush with provisional stenting for treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions: results from the DKCRUSH-II (Double Kissing Crush versus Provisional Stenting Technique for Treatment of Coronary Bifurcation Lesions) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 57:914–920, 2011

Hildick-Smith D, de Belder AJ, Cooter N, et al: Randomized trial of simple versus complex drug-eluting stenting for bifurcation lesions: the British Bifurcation Coronary Study: old, new, and evolving strategies. Circulation 121:1235–1243, 2010.

Brilakis ES, Rao SV, Banerjee S, et al: Percutaneous coronary intervention in native arteries versus bypass grafts in prior coronary artery bypass grafting patients: a report from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 4:844–850, 2011.

Redfors B, Généreux P, Witzenbichler B, McAndrew T, Diamond J, Huang X, Maehara A, Weisz G, Mehran R, Kirtane AJ, Stone GW. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Saphenous Vein Graft. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2017 May;10(5):e004953. doi: 10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.117.004953. PMID: 28495896..

Assali AR, Sdringola S, Moustapha A et al. Percutaneous intervention in saphenous venous grafts: In-stent restenosis lesions are safer than de novo lesions. J Invasive Cardiol, 2001;13;6:446-50.

Cooper I, Ineson N, Demirtas E et al. Role of angioplasty in patients with previous coronary artery bypass surgery. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn, 1989;2:81-6.

Pinkerton CA, Slack JD, Orr CM, Vantassel JW, Smith ML. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in patients with prior myocardial revascularization surgery. Am J Cardiol, 1988;9:15G-22G.

Cook S, Moschovitis A, Meier B. Percutaneous Interventions: Registry 2009-2010 results. European Society of Cardiology; 2011.

Levine GN, Bates ER, Blankenship JC, et al: 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. J Am Coll Cardiol 58:e44-e122, 2011.

Vermeersch P, Agostoni P, Verheye S, et al: Randomized double-blind comparison of sirolimus-eluting stent versus bare-metal stent implantation in diseased saphenous vein grafts: six-month angiographic, intravascular ultrasound, and clinical follow-up of the RRISC Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 48:2423–2431, 2006.

Vermeersch P, Agostoni P, Verheye S, et al: Increased late mortality after sirolimus-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents in diseased saphenous vein grafts: results from the randomized DELAYED RRISC Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 50:261–267, 2007.

Brilakis ES, Lichtenwalter C, de Lemos JA, et al: A randomized controlled trial of a paclitaxel-eluting stent versus a similar bare-metal stent in saphenous vein graft lesions: the SOS (Stenting of Saphenous Vein Grafts) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 53:919–928, 2009.

Brilakis ES, Lichtenwalter C, Abdel-karim AR, et al: Continued benefit from paclitaxel-eluting compared with bare-metal stent implantation in saphenous vein graft lesions during long-term follow-up of the SOS (Stenting of Saphenous Vein Grafts) trial. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 4:176–182, 2011.

Mehilli J, Pache J, Abdel-Wahab M, et al: Drug-eluting versus bare-metal stents in saphenous vein graft lesions (ISAR-CABG): a randomised controlled superiority trial. Lancet 378:1071–1078, 2011.

Brilakis ES, Banerjee S, Lombardi WL: Retrograde recanalization of native coronary artery chronic occlusions via acutely occluded vein grafts. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 75:109–113, 2010.

Willet WC, Green A, Stampfer MJ et al. Relative and absolute excess risk of coronary heart disease among women who smoke cigarettes. N Eng J Med, 1987;317:1303-9.

The effect of pravastatin on coronary on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels: Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) Study. N Eng J Med, 1996;335:1001-9.

Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomized trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease. The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study. Lancet, 1994;344:1386-9.

Arnold AM, Mick MJ, Piedmonte MR, Simfendorfer C. Gender differences for coronary angioplasty. Am J Cardiol, 1994;74:18-21.

Jacobs AK, Johnston JM, Haviland A et al. Improved outcomes for women undergoing contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention: A report from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Dynamic registry. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2002;39:1608-14.

Bell MR, Holmes DR, Berger PB et al. The changing in- hospital mortality of women undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. JAMA, 1993;269:2091-5.

Kelsey SF, James M, Holubkov AL et al. Results of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in women. 1985-1986 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Coronary Angiop-lasty Registry. Circulation, 1993;87:720-7.

Welty FK, Mittleman MA, Healy RW, Muller JE, Shubrooks SJ. Similar results of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for women and men with postmyocardial infarction ischemia. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1994;23:35-9.

Weintraub WS, Wenger NK, Kosinski AS et al. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in women compared with men J Am Coll Cardiol, 1994;24:81-90.

Fernandes LS, Tcheng JE, O’Shea JC et al. Is glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonism as effective in women as in men following percutaneous coronary intervention?. Lessons from the ESPRIT study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2002;40:1085-91.

Cho L, Marso SP, Bhatt DL, Topol EJ. Optimizing percutaneous coronary revascularization in diabetic women: analysis from the EPISTENT trial.

Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy--I: Prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients. Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration. BMJ. 1994 Jan 8;308(6921):81-106. Erratum in: BMJ 1994 Jun 11;308(6943):1540. PMID: 8298418; PMCID: PMC2539220.

Lefkovitz J, Topol EJ. Role of platelet inhibitor agents in coronary artery disease. Topol; Textbook of Interventional Cardiology, Philedelphia-Pennsylvania, Saunders. 4th edition, 2003;p:17.

Lewis H, DavisJW, Archibald DG et al. Protective effects of aspirin against acute myocardial infarction and death in unstable anjina: Results of Veterans Adminstiration Cooperative Study. N Eng J Med, 1983;309:396-403.

Cairns JA, Gent M, Singer J et al. Aspirin, sulfinpyrazone, or both in unstable anjina. Results of a Canadian multicenter trial. N Engl J Med, 1985;313: 1369-75.

The Clopidogrel in Unstable Anjina to Prevent Events Trial Investigators. Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med, 2001;345:494-502.

Mehta SR, Weintraub WS, Jonsson B et al. Incremental cost-effectiveness of early and long-term clopidogrel in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary infarction in the CURE trial: The PCI-CURE economic analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2003;41:(Suppl B)383.

Mehta SR, Yusuf S, Peters RJ et al. Effects of pretreatment with clopidogrel and aspirin followed by long-term therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: The PCI-CURE study. Lancet, 2001;358:527-33.

The Platelet Receptor Inhibition in Ischemic Syndrome Management in Patients Limited by Unstable Signs and Symptoms (PRISM-PLUS) Study Investigators: Inhibition of the Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor with Tirofiban in Unstable Anjina and Non-Q-Wave Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med, 1998;338:1488-97.

The PARAGON Investigators. (Platelet IIb/IIIa Antagonism for the Reduction of Acute coronary syndrome events in a Global Organization Network). International, randomized, controlled trial of lamifiban (a platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor), heparin, or both in unstable anjina. Circulation, 1998;97:2386-95.

The PURSUIT trial investigators: Inhibition of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa with eftifibatide in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med, 1998;339:436-43.

The Platelet Receptor Inhibition in Ischemic Syndrome Management (PRISM) Study Investigators: A Comparison of Aspirin plus Tirofiban with Aspirin plus Heparin for Unstable Anjina. N Engl J Med, 1998;338:1498-505.

Cannon C. TACTICS (Treat Anjina with Aggrastat 1 Determine Cost of Therapy with an Invasive or Conservative Strategy)-TIMI 18 (abstr). Clin Cardiol, 2001;24:86.

Wallantin B, on be half of FRISC II investigators. Invasive compared with non-invasive treatment in unstable coronary artery disease: FRISC II prospective randomised multicentre study. FRagmin and Fast Revascularisation during InStability in Coronary artery disease Investigators. Lancet, 1999;354:708-15.

Mehta SR, Cannon CP, Fox KA, Wallentin L, Boden WE, Spacek R, Widimsky P, McCullough PA, Hunt D, Braunwald E, Yusuf S. Routine vs selective invasive strategies in patients with acute coronary syndromes: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials. JAMA. 2005 Jun 15;293(23):2908-17. doi: 10.1001/jama.293.23.2908. PMID: 15956636.

O'Donoghue M, Boden WE, Braunwald E, Cannon CP, Clayton TC, de Winter RJ, Fox KA, Lagerqvist B, McCullough PA, Murphy SA, Spacek R, Swahn E, Wallentin L, Windhausen F, Sabatine MS. Early invasive vs conservative treatment strategies in women and men with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008 Jul 2;300(1):71-80. doi: 10.1001/jama.300.1.71. PMID: 18594042.

Fox KA, Clayton TC, Damman P, Pocock SJ, de Winter RJ, Tijssen JG, Lagerqvist B, Wallentin L; FIR Collaboration. Long-term outcome of a routine versus selective invasive strategy in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome a meta-analysis of individual patient data. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 Jun 1;55(22):2435-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.03.007. Epub 2010 Mar 30. PMID: 20359842.

Elgendy IY, Mahmoud AN, Wen X, Bavry AA. Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials of Long-Term All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome Managed With Routine Invasive Versus Selective Invasive Strategies. Am J Cardiol. 2017 Feb 15;119(4):560-564. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.11.005. Epub 2016 Nov 16. PMID: 27939385.

Robert A Byrne, Xavier Rossello, J J Coughlan, Emanuele Barbato, Colin Berry, Alaide Chieffo, Marc J Claeys, Gheorghe-Andrei Dan, Marc R Dweck, Mary Galbraith, Martine Gilard, Lynne Hinterbuchner, Ewa A Jankowska, Peter Jüni, Takeshi Kimura, Vijay Kunadian, Margret Leosdottir, Roberto Lorusso, Roberto F E Pedretti, Angelos G Rigopoulos, Maria Rubini Gimenez, Holger Thiele, Pascal Vranckx, Sven Wassmann, Nanette Kass Wenger, Borja Ibanez, ESC Scientific Document Group , 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes: Developed by the task force on the management of acute coronary syndromes of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), European Heart Journal, Volume 44, Issue 38, 7 October 2023, Pages 3720–3826, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad191

Kite TA, Kurmani SA, Bountziouka V, Cooper NJ, Lock ST, Gale CP, Flather M, Curzen N, Banning AP, McCann GP, Ladwiniec A. Timing of invasive strategy in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur Heart J. 2022 Sep 1;43(33):3148-3161. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac213. PMID: 35514079; PMCID: PMC9433309.

Tarantini G, Mojoli M, Varbella F, Caporale R, Rigattieri S, Andò G, Cirillo P, Pierini S, Santarelli A, Sganzerla P, Cacciavillani L, Babuin L, De Cesare N, Limbruno U, Massoni A, Rognoni A, Pavan D, Belloni F, Cernetti C, Favero L, Saia F, Fovino LN, Masiero G, Roncon L, Gasparetto V, Ferlini M, Ronco F, Rossini R, Canova P, Trabattoni D, Russo A, Guiducci V, Penzo C, Tarantino F, Mauro C, Corrada E, Esposito G, Marchese A, Berti S, Martinato M, Azzolina D, Gregori D, Angiolillo DJ, Musumeci G; DUBIUS Investigators; Italian Society of Interventional Cardiology. Timing of Oral P2Y12 Inhibitor Administration in Patients With Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 Nov 24;76(21):2450-2459. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.053. Epub 2020 Aug 31. PMID: 32882390.

de Feyter PJ, van den Brand M, Serruys PW, Wijns W. Early angiography after myocardial infarction: What have we learned? Am Heart J, 1985;109:194-9.

Antman EM, Braunwald E. Acute Myocardial Infarction. Braunwald: Heart Disease; Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, Philadelphia Saunders; 1997;p:1184-288.

Pinto DS, Kirtane AJ, Nallamothu BK, Murphy SA, Cohen DJ, Laham RJ, et al. Hospital delays in reperfusion for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: implications when selecting a reperfusion strategy. Circulation 2006;114:2019–2025. https://doi.org/10.1161/ circulationaha.106.638353

Nallamothu BK, Bates ER. Percutaneous coronary intervention versus fibrinolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction: is timing (almost) everything? Am J Cardiol 2003;92: 824–826. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9149(03)00891-9

Betriu A, Masotti M. Comparison of mortality rates in acute myocardial infarction treated by percutaneous coronary intervention versus fibrinolysis. Am J Cardiol 2005;95: 100–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.08.069

Boersma E. Does time matter? A pooled analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing primary percutaneous coronary intervention and in-hospital fibrinolysis in acute myocardial infarction patients. Eur Heart J 2006;27:779–788. https://doi.org/10.1093/ eurheartj/ehi810

Pinto DS, Frederick PD, Chakrabarti AK, Kirtane AJ, Ullman E, Dejam A, et al. Benefit of transferring ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients for percutaneous coronary intervention compared with administration of onsite fibrinolytic declines as delays increase. Circulation circulationaha.111.018549 2011;124:2512–2521. https://doi.org/10.1161/

Armstrong PW, Gershlick AH, Goldstein P, Wilcox R, Danays T, Lambert Y, et al. Fibrinolysis or primary PCI in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2013;368:1379–1387. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1301092

Kelsey SF, James M, Holubkov AL et al. Results of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in women. 1985-1986 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Coronary Angiop-lasty Registry. Circulation, 1993;87:720-7.

EMERAS (Estudio Multicentrico Estreptoquinasa Republicas de America del Sur) Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of late thrombolysis in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Lancet, 1993; 42:767-72.

Late Assessment of Thrombolytic Efficacy (LATE) studyGroup. Late asessment of Thrombolytic Efficacy (LATE) study with alteplase 6-24 hours after onset of acute myocardial infarction. Lancet, 1993;342:759-66.

Bell MR, Holmes DR, Berger PB et al. The changing in- hospital mortality of women undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. JAMA, 1993;269:2091-5.

Armstrong PW, Gershlick AH, Goldstein P, Wilcox R, Danays T, Lambert Y, et al. Fibrinolysis or primary PCI in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2013;368:1379–1387. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1301092

Gershlick AH, Stephens-Lloyd A, Hughes S, Abrams KR, Stevens SE, Uren NG, et al. Rescue angioplasty after failed thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2005;353:2758–2768. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa050849

Cantor WJ, Fitchett D, Borgundvaag B, Ducas J, Heffernan M, Cohen EA, et al. Routine early angioplasty after fibrinolysis for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2009; 360:2705–2718. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0808276

Schömig A, Mehilli J, Antoniucci D, Ndrepepa G, Markwardt C, Di Pede F, et al. Mechanical reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction presenting more than 12 hours from symptom onset: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005;293: 2865–2872. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.23.2865

Ndrepepa G, Kastrati A, Mehilli J, Antoniucci D, Schömig A. Mechanical reperfusion and long-term mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction presenting 12 to 48 hours from onset of symptoms. JAMA 2009;301:487–488. https://doi.org/10. 1001/jama.2009.32

Bouisset F, Gerbaud E, Bataille V, Coste P, Puymirat E, Belle L, et al. Percutaneous myocardial revascularization in late-presenting patients with STEMI. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78:1291–1305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.07.039

Hochman JS, Lamas GA, Buller CE, Dzavik V, Reynolds HR, Abramsky SJ, et al. Coronary intervention for persistent occlusion after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2006;355:2395–2407. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa066139

Menon V, Pearte CA, Buller CE, Steg PhG, Forman SA, White HD, et al. Lack of benefit from percutaneous intervention of persistently occluded infarct arteries after the acute phase of myocardial infarction is time independent: insights from Occluded Artery Trial. Eur Heart J 2009;30:183–191. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehn486

Ioannidis JPA, Katritsis DG. Percutaneous coronary intervention for late reperfusion after myocardial infarction in stable patients. Am Heart J 2007;154:1065–1071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2007.07.049

Knuuti J, Wijns W, Saraste A, Capodanno D, Barbato E, Funck-Brentano C, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J 2020;41:407–477. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz425

Serruys PW, Luijten HE, Beatt KJ et al. Incidence of Restenosis after successful coronary angioplasty: A time related phenomenon. A quantitative angiographic study in 342 consecutive patients at 1,2,3, and 4 months. Circulation, 1988;77:361-71.

Noboyushi M, Kimura T, Nosaka H et al. Reste-nosis after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: Serial angiographic follow-up of 229 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol; 12:616-23,1988.

Topol; Textbook of Interventional Cardiology, Philedelphia-Pennsylvania, Saunders. 4th edition 2003.

Bitl JA. Advances in coronary angioplasty. N Engl J Med, 1996;335:1290-302.

Mauri L, Silbaugh TS, Wolf RE et al. Long-term clinical outcomes after drug-eluting and bare-metal stenting in Massachusetts. Circulation, 2008;118:1817-27.

Kastrati A, Byrne R: New roads, new ruts: lessons from drug-eluting stent restenosis. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 4:165–167, 2011.

Latib A, Mussardo M, Ielasi A, et al: Long-term outcomes following the percutaneous treatment of drug-eluting stent restenosis. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 4:155–164, 2011.

Mauri L, Orav EJ, Kuntz RE: Late loss in lumen diameter and binary restenosis for drug-eluting stent comparison. Circulation 111:3435–3442, 2005.

Pocock SJ, Lansky AJ, Mehran R, et al: Angiographic surrogate end points in drug-eluting stent trials: a systematic evaluation based on individual patient data from 11 randomized, controlled trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 51:23–32, 2008.

Byrne RA, Eberle S, Kastrati A, et al: Distribution of angiographic measures of restenosis after drug-eluting stent implantation. Heart 95:1572–1578, 2009.

Serruys PW, de Jaegere P, Kiemeneij F et al. Benestent Study Group. A comparison of balloonexpandable-stent implantation with balloon angioplasty in patients with coronary artery disease N Engl J Med, 1994;331:489-95.

Macaya C, Serruys PW, Ruygrok P et al. Continued benefit of coronary stenting versus balloon angioplasty: One-year clinical follow-up of Benestent trial. Benestent Study Group. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1996;27:255-61.

Foley DP, Melkert R, Umans VA et al. Differences in restenosis propensity of devices for transluminal coronary intervention. A quantitative angiographic comparison of balloon angioplasty, directional atherectomy, stent implantation and excimer laser angioplasty. CARPORT, MERCATOR, MARCATOR, PARK, and BENESTENT Trial Groups. Eur Heart J, 1995;16:1331-46.

Schatz RA. Insights from the STRESS trial. STent REStenosis Study. J Interv Cardiol, 1994;7:575-80.

Bayes-Genis A, Campbell JH, Carlson PJ, Holmes DR, Schwartz RS. Macrophages, myofibroblasts and neointimal hyperplasia after coronary artery injury and repair. Atherosclerosis, 2002;163:89-98.

Chan AW, Moliterno DJ. Restenosis: The Clinical Issues. Topol EJ. Textbook of Interventional Cardiology 4rd edition. p:415-454. PhiledelphiaPennsylvania, 2003.

Nakazawa G, Otsuka F, Nakano M, et al: The pathology of neoatherosclerosis in human coronary implants bare-metal and drug-eluting stents. J Am Coll Cardiol 57:1314–1322, 2011.

Dangas GD, Claessen BE, Caixeta A et al. In-stent restenosis in the drug-eluting stent era. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2010;56:1897-907.

Serruys PW, Unger F, van Hout BA et al. Hugenholtz PGThe ARTS study (Arterial Revascularization Therapies Study). Semin Interv Cardiol, 1999;4:209-19.

Abizaid A, Kornowski R, Mintz GS et al. The influence of diabetes mellitus on acute and late clinical outcomes following coronary stent implantation. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1998;32;3:584-9.

Schomig A, Kastrati A, Elezi S et al. Bimodal distribution of angiographic measures of restenosis six months after coronary stent placement. Circulation, 1997;96;11:3880-7

Mehran R, Mintz GS, Pichard AD et al. Mechanisms and results of balon angioplasty for the treatment of in-stent restenosis. Am J Cardiol, 1996;78:618-622.

Dill T, Hamm CW. Rotational atherectomy: Technique, indications, results. Herz, 1997;22;6:291-8.

Braun P, Stroh E, Heinrich KW. Rotablator versus cutting balloon for the treatment of long in-stent restenosis. J Invasive Cardiol, 2002;14:291-6.

Radke PW, Hanrath P, vom Dahl J. Treatment of stent restenosis using rotational atherectomy: Mechanisms and results. Z Kardiol, 2001;90:161-9.

Reith S, Radke PW, Volk O, vom Dahl J, Klues HG.The place of rotablator for treatment of in-stent restenosis. Semin Interv Cardiol, 2000;5:199-208.

Waksman R, Raizner AE, Yeung AC, Lansky AJ, Vandertie L. Use of localised intracoronary beta radiation in treatment of in-stent restenosis: The INHIBIT randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 2002;359:551-7.

Role of intracoronary brachytherapy for in-stent restenosis? Bhargava B, Tripuraneni P. Lancet, 2002;359; 543-4.

Radke PW, Kaisera A, Frostc C, Sigwart U. Outcome after treatment of coronary in-stent restenosis: Results from a systematic review using meta-analysis techniques Eur Heart J, 2003;24:266-273.

Singh IM, Filby SJ, El Sakr F et al. Drug-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents for treatment of bare-metal in-stent restenosis. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv, 2010; 76:257-62.

Habara S, Mitsudo K, Kadota K et al. Effectiveness of paclitaxel-eluting balloon catheter in patients with sirolimus-eluting stent restenosis. JACC Cardiovasc Interv, 2011;4:149-54.

Mehilli J, Byrne RA, Tiroch K et al. Randomized trial of paclitaxelversus sirolimus-eluting stents for treatment of coronary restenosis in sirolimus-eluting stents: The ISAR-DESIRE 2 (Intracoronary Stenting and Angiographic Results: Drug Eluting Stents for InStent Restenosis 2) study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2010;55:2710-6.

Yayınlanan

23 Mart 2026

Lisans

Lisans