İnce Endometriumun Yönetimi

Saponara S, Angioni S, Parry JP, et al. The Pivotal role of hysteroscopy in diagnosing subtle uterine lesions in infertile patients: Seeing the unseen can make the difference. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. Feb 2025;305:132-141.

Al-Ghamdi A, Coskun S, Al-Hassan S, Al-Rejjal R, Awartani K. The correlation between endometrial thickness and outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) outcome. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. Sep 2 2008;6:37.

Grunfeld L, Walker B, Bergh PA, Sandler B, Hofmann G, Navot D. High-resolution endovaginal ultrasonography of the endometrium: a noninvasive test for endometrial adequacy. Obstet Gynecol. Aug 1991;78(2):200-204.

Miravet-Valenciano JA, Rincon-Bertolin A, Vilella F, Simon C. Understanding and improving endometrial receptivity. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. Jun 2015;27(3):187-192.

Liu KE, Hartman M, Hartman A. Management of thin endometrium in assisted reproduction: a clinical practice guideline from the Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society. Reprod Biomed Online. Jul 2019;39(1):49-62.

Strohmer H, Obruca A, Radner KM, Feichtinger W. Relationship of the individual uterine size and the endometrial thickness in stimulated cycles. Fertil Steril. May 1994;61(5):972-975.

Barker MA, Boehnlein LM, Kovacs P, Lindheim SR. Follicular and luteal phase endometrial thickness and echogenic pattern and pregnancy outcome in oocyte donation cycles. J Assist Reprod Genet. May 2009;26(5):243-249.

Wang Y, Tang Z, Teng X. New advances in the treatment of thin endometrium. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024;15:1269382.

Wu Y, Gao X, Lu X, et al. Endometrial thickness affects the outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in normal responders after GnRH antagonist administration. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. Oct 9 2014;12:96.

Simeonov M, Sapir O, Lande Y, et al. The entire range of trigger-day endometrial thickness in fresh IVF cycles is independently correlated with live birth rate. Reprod Biomed Online. Aug 2020;41(2):239-247.

Liu KE, Hartman M, Hartman A, Luo ZC, Mahutte N. The impact of a thin endometrial lining on fresh and frozen-thaw IVF outcomes: an analysis of over 40 000 embryo transfers. Hum Reprod. Oct 1 2018;33(10):1883-1888.

Kasius A, Smit JG, Torrance HL, et al. Endometrial thickness and pregnancy rates after IVF: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. Jul-Aug 2014;20(4):530-541.

Xu J, Zhang S, Jin L, et al. The Effects of Endometrial Thickness on Pregnancy Outcomes of Fresh IVF/ICSI Embryo Transfer Cycles: An Analysis of Over 40,000 Cycles Among Five Reproductive Centers in China. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:788706.

Ata B, Linan A, Kalafat E, et al. Effect of the endometrial thickness on the live birth rate: insights from 959 single euploid frozen embryo transfers without a cutoff for thickness. Fertil Steril. Jul 2023;120(1):91-98.

Genovese H, Mayo CA, Kalafat E, et al. Does endometrial thickness impact live birth rate following a frozen embryo transfer: outcomes of 30 676 euploid single embryo transfers. Hum Reprod. Jul 10 2025.

Sundstrom P. Establishment of a successful pregnancy following in-vitro fertilization with an endometrial thickness of no more than 4 mm. Hum Reprod. Jun 1998;13(6):1550-1552.

Zhang X, Lv H, Weng Q, et al. "Thin endometrium" at single-cell resolution. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Apr 2025;232(4S):S135-S148.

Dain L, Bider D, Levron J, Zinchenko V, Westler S, Dirnfeld M. Thin endometrium in donor oocyte recipients: enigma or obstacle for implantation? Fertil Steril. Nov 2013;100(5):1289-1295.

Miwa I, Tamura H, Takasaki A, Yamagata Y, Shimamura K, Sugino N. Pathophysiologic features of "thin" endometrium. Fertil Steril. Apr 2009;91(4):998-1004.

Scioscia M, Lamanna G, Lorusso F, Serrati G, Selvaggi LE, Depalo R. Characterization of endometrial growth in proliferative and early luteal phase in IVF cycles. Reprod Biomed Online. Jan 2009;18(1):73-78.

Wang Y, Lyu W, Xu W, Yu Y. Asherman syndrome in adenomyosis treated with uterine artery embolization: incidence predictive factors. Radiol Med. May 2020;125(5):437-443.

Ng EH, Chan CC, Tang OS, Yeung WS, Ho PC. Endometrial and subendometrial vascularity is higher in pregnant patients with livebirth following ART than in those who suffer a miscarriage. Hum Reprod. Apr 2007;22(4):1134-1141.

March CM. Management of Asherman's syndrome. Reprod Biomed Online. Jul 2011;23(1):63-76.

Park HJ, Kim YS, Yoon TK, Lee WS. Chronic endometritis and infertility. Clin Exp Reprod Med. Dec 2016;43(4):185-192.

Aghajanova L, Velarde MC, Giudice LC. Altered gene expression profiling in endometrium: evidence for progesterone resistance. Semin Reprod Med. Jan 2010;28(1):51-58.

Amir W, Micha B, Ariel H, Liat LG, Jehoshua D, Adrian S. Predicting factors for endometrial thickness during treatment with assisted reproductive technology. Fertil Steril. Apr 2007;87(4):799-804.

Stewart CL, Kaspar P, Brunet LJ, et al. Blastocyst implantation depends on maternal expression of leukaemia inhibitory factor. Nature. Sep 3 1992;359(6390):76-79.

Garcia-Velasco JA, Acevedo B, Alvarez C, et al. Strategies to manage refractory endometrium: state of the art in 2016. Reprod Biomed Online. May 2016;32(5):474-489.

Torres R, Habana A, Tansengco L. The effect of estrogen supplementation on the endometrium and pregnancy rate among infertile women treated with clomifene citrate: a meta-analysis. Fertility and Sterility. 2005;84:S162-S163.

Çetinkaya K, Kadanalı S. The effect of administering vaginal estrogen to clomiphene citrate stimulated cycles on endometrial thickness and pregnancy rates in unexplained infertility. Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association. 2012;13(3):157.

Jimenez PT, Schon SB, Odem RR, Ratts VS, Jungheim ES. A retrospective cross-sectional study: fresh cycle endometrial thickness is a sensitive predictor of inadequate endometrial thickness in frozen embryo transfer cycles. Reproductive biology and endocrinology. 2013;11(1):35.

Hosseini Aghdam S, Ghasemzadeh A, Farzadi L, et al. Growth Hormone: A Potential Treatment of Patients with Refractory Thin Endometrium: A Clinical Trial Study. Int J Fertil Steril. Oct 9 2022;16(4):251-255.

Fogle RH, Li A, Paulson RJ. Modulation of HOXA10 and other markers of endometrial receptivity by age and human chorionic gonadotropin in an endometrial explant model. Fertil Steril. Mar 1 2010;93(4):1255-1259.

Craciunas L, Tsampras N, Raine-Fenning N, Coomarasamy A. Intrauterine administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Oct 20 2018;10(10):CD011537.

Wang P, Yang H, Chen Z, et al. Agonist long protocol improves outcomes of vitrified-warmed embryo transfer in repeatedly thin endometrium. Reprod Biomed Online. Mar 2023;46(3):527-535.

Wei L, Tian B, Wang S, Xu S, Zhang C. Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonists Combined with Hormone Replacement Therapy Significantly Improves Reproductive Outcomes for Patients with Thin Endometrium and Intramural Fibroids in Frozen Embryo Transfer Cycles. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2025;19:173-183.

Shi Q, Huang C, Liu J, et al. Hormone replacement therapy alone or in combination with tamoxifen in women with thin endometrium undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer: A retrospective study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1102706.

Hsieh YY, Tsai HD, Chang CC, Lo HY, Chen CL. Low-dose aspirin for infertile women with thin endometrium receiving intrauterine insemination: a prospective, randomized study. J Assist Reprod Genet. Mar 2000;17(3):174-177.

Chen Y, Liu L, Luo Y, Chen M, Huan Y, Fang R. Effects of Aspirin and Intrauterine Balloon on Endometrial Repair and Reproductive Prognosis in Patients with Severe Intrauterine Adhesion: A Prospective Cohort Study. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:8526104.

Li X, Luan T, Zhao C, et al. Effect of sildenafil citrate on treatment of infertility in women with a thin endometrium: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Int Med Res. Nov 2020;48(11):300060520969584.

Koo HS, Yoon MJ, Hong SH, et al. Non-invasive Intrauterine Administration of Botulinum Toxin A Enhances Endometrial Angiogenesis and Improves the Rates of Embryo Implantation. Reprod Sci. Jun 2021;28(6):1671-1687.

Krief F, Simon C, Goldstein R, Ellenberg LP, Ledee N. Efficacy of tocopherol and pentoxifylline combined therapy for women undergoing assisted reproductive treatment with poor endometrial development: a retrospective cohort study on 143 patients. Hum Fertil (Camb). Dec 2021;24(5):367-375.

So S, Yamaguchi W, Murabayashi N, Miyano N, Tawara F, Kanayama N. Beneficial effect of l-arginine in women using assisted reproductive technologies: a small-scale randomized controlled trial. Nutr Res. Oct 2020;82:67-73.

Patel NH, Jadeja YD, Patel NH, et al. Birth of a healthy infant after bone marrow-derived cell therapy. Clin Exp Reprod Med. Sep 2021;48(3):268-272.

Isik G, Oktem M, Guler I, et al. The impact of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on thin endometrium of an animal model with rats. Gynecol Endocrinol. May 2021;37(5):438-445.

Kunicki M, Lukaszuk K, Liss J, Skowronska P, Szczyptanska J. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor treatment of resistant thin endometrium in women with frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer. Syst Biol Reprod Med. Feb 2017;63(1):49-57.

Liu X, Qian C, Jiang X, et al. Efficacy of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of thin endometrium: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. Aug 30 2024;24(1):567.

Farifteh F, Fazeli E, Zeinab Hosseini S, et al. Intrauterine administration of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells regulates the endometrium estrogen and progesterone receptor expression: An RCT. Int J Reprod Biomed. May 2023;21(4):343-354.

Zhang X, Chen Y, Zhao R, et al. The clinical efficacy of Jinfeng pill in the treatment of thin endometrial infertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Palliat Med. Dec 2021;10(12):12529-12537.

Mahajan N, Sharma S. The endometrium in assisted reproductive technology: How thin is thin? J Hum Reprod Sci. Jan-Mar 2016;9(1):3-8.

Saponara S, Angioni S, Parry JP, et al. The Pivotal role of hysteroscopy in diagnosing subtle uterine lesions in infertile patients: Seeing the unseen can make the difference. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. Feb 2025;305:132-141.

Al-Ghamdi A, Coskun S, Al-Hassan S, Al-Rejjal R, Awartani K. The correlation between endometrial thickness and outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) outcome. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. Sep 2 2008;6:37.

Grunfeld L, Walker B, Bergh PA, Sandler B, Hofmann G, Navot D. High-resolution endovaginal ultrasonography of the endometrium: a noninvasive test for endometrial adequacy. Obstet Gynecol. Aug 1991;78(2):200-204.

Miravet-Valenciano JA, Rincon-Bertolin A, Vilella F, Simon C. Understanding and improving endometrial receptivity. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. Jun 2015;27(3):187-192.

Liu KE, Hartman M, Hartman A. Management of thin endometrium in assisted reproduction: a clinical practice guideline from the Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society. Reprod Biomed Online. Jul 2019;39(1):49-62.

Strohmer H, Obruca A, Radner KM, Feichtinger W. Relationship of the individual uterine size and the endometrial thickness in stimulated cycles. Fertil Steril. May 1994;61(5):972-975.

Barker MA, Boehnlein LM, Kovacs P, Lindheim SR. Follicular and luteal phase endometrial thickness and echogenic pattern and pregnancy outcome in oocyte donation cycles. J Assist Reprod Genet. May 2009;26(5):243-249.

Wang Y, Tang Z, Teng X. New advances in the treatment of thin endometrium. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024;15:1269382.

Wu Y, Gao X, Lu X, et al. Endometrial thickness affects the outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in normal responders after GnRH antagonist administration. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. Oct 9 2014;12:96.

Simeonov M, Sapir O, Lande Y, et al. The entire range of trigger-day endometrial thickness in fresh IVF cycles is independently correlated with live birth rate. Reprod Biomed Online. Aug 2020;41(2):239-247.

Liu KE, Hartman M, Hartman A, Luo ZC, Mahutte N. The impact of a thin endometrial lining on fresh and frozen-thaw IVF outcomes: an analysis of over 40 000 embryo transfers. Hum Reprod. Oct 1 2018;33(10):1883-1888.

Kasius A, Smit JG, Torrance HL, et al. Endometrial thickness and pregnancy rates after IVF: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. Jul-Aug 2014;20(4):530-541.

Xu J, Zhang S, Jin L, et al. The Effects of Endometrial Thickness on Pregnancy Outcomes of Fresh IVF/ICSI Embryo Transfer Cycles: An Analysis of Over 40,000 Cycles Among Five Reproductive Centers in China. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:788706.

Ata B, Linan A, Kalafat E, et al. Effect of the endometrial thickness on the live birth rate: insights from 959 single euploid frozen embryo transfers without a cutoff for thickness. Fertil Steril. Jul 2023;120(1):91-98.

Genovese H, Mayo CA, Kalafat E, et al. Does endometrial thickness impact live birth rate following a frozen embryo transfer: outcomes of 30 676 euploid single embryo transfers. Hum Reprod. Jul 10 2025.

Sundstrom P. Establishment of a successful pregnancy following in-vitro fertilization with an endometrial thickness of no more than 4 mm. Hum Reprod. Jun 1998;13(6):1550-1552.

Zhang X, Lv H, Weng Q, et al. "Thin endometrium" at single-cell resolution. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Apr 2025;232(4S):S135-S148.

Dain L, Bider D, Levron J, Zinchenko V, Westler S, Dirnfeld M. Thin endometrium in donor oocyte recipients: enigma or obstacle for implantation? Fertil Steril. Nov 2013;100(5):1289-1295.

Miwa I, Tamura H, Takasaki A, Yamagata Y, Shimamura K, Sugino N. Pathophysiologic features of "thin" endometrium. Fertil Steril. Apr 2009;91(4):998-1004.

Scioscia M, Lamanna G, Lorusso F, Serrati G, Selvaggi LE, Depalo R. Characterization of endometrial growth in proliferative and early luteal phase in IVF cycles. Reprod Biomed Online. Jan 2009;18(1):73-78.

Wang Y, Lyu W, Xu W, Yu Y. Asherman syndrome in adenomyosis treated with uterine artery embolization: incidence predictive factors. Radiol Med. May 2020;125(5):437-443.

Ng EH, Chan CC, Tang OS, Yeung WS, Ho PC. Endometrial and subendometrial vascularity is higher in pregnant patients with livebirth following ART than in those who suffer a miscarriage. Hum Reprod. Apr 2007;22(4):1134-1141.

March CM. Management of Asherman's syndrome. Reprod Biomed Online. Jul 2011;23(1):63-76.

Park HJ, Kim YS, Yoon TK, Lee WS. Chronic endometritis and infertility. Clin Exp Reprod Med. Dec 2016;43(4):185-192.

Aghajanova L, Velarde MC, Giudice LC. Altered gene expression profiling in endometrium: evidence for progesterone resistance. Semin Reprod Med. Jan 2010;28(1):51-58.

Amir W, Micha B, Ariel H, Liat LG, Jehoshua D, Adrian S. Predicting factors for endometrial thickness during treatment with assisted reproductive technology. Fertil Steril. Apr 2007;87(4):799-804.

Stewart CL, Kaspar P, Brunet LJ, et al. Blastocyst implantation depends on maternal expression of leukaemia inhibitory factor. Nature. Sep 3 1992;359(6390):76-79.

Garcia-Velasco JA, Acevedo B, Alvarez C, et al. Strategies to manage refractory endometrium: state of the art in 2016. Reprod Biomed Online. May 2016;32(5):474-489.

Torres R, Habana A, Tansengco L. The effect of estrogen supplementation on the endometrium and pregnancy rate among infertile women treated with clomifene citrate: a meta-analysis. Fertility and Sterility. 2005;84:S162-S163.

Çetinkaya K, Kadanalı S. The effect of administering vaginal estrogen to clomiphene citrate stimulated cycles on endometrial thickness and pregnancy rates in unexplained infertility. Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association. 2012;13(3):157.

Jimenez PT, Schon SB, Odem RR, Ratts VS, Jungheim ES. A retrospective cross-sectional study: fresh cycle endometrial thickness is a sensitive predictor of inadequate endometrial thickness in frozen embryo transfer cycles. Reproductive biology and endocrinology. 2013;11(1):35.

Hosseini Aghdam S, Ghasemzadeh A, Farzadi L, et al. Growth Hormone: A Potential Treatment of Patients with Refractory Thin Endometrium: A Clinical Trial Study. Int J Fertil Steril. Oct 9 2022;16(4):251-255.

Fogle RH, Li A, Paulson RJ. Modulation of HOXA10 and other markers of endometrial receptivity by age and human chorionic gonadotropin in an endometrial explant model. Fertil Steril. Mar 1 2010;93(4):1255-1259.

Craciunas L, Tsampras N, Raine-Fenning N, Coomarasamy A. Intrauterine administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Oct 20 2018;10(10):CD011537.

Wang P, Yang H, Chen Z, et al. Agonist long protocol improves outcomes of vitrified-warmed embryo transfer in repeatedly thin endometrium. Reprod Biomed Online. Mar 2023;46(3):527-535.

Wei L, Tian B, Wang S, Xu S, Zhang C. Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonists Combined with Hormone Replacement Therapy Significantly Improves Reproductive Outcomes for Patients with Thin Endometrium and Intramural Fibroids in Frozen Embryo Transfer Cycles. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2025;19:173-183.

Shi Q, Huang C, Liu J, et al. Hormone replacement therapy alone or in combination with tamoxifen in women with thin endometrium undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer: A retrospective study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1102706.

Hsieh YY, Tsai HD, Chang CC, Lo HY, Chen CL. Low-dose aspirin for infertile women with thin endometrium receiving intrauterine insemination: a prospective, randomized study. J Assist Reprod Genet. Mar 2000;17(3):174-177.

Chen Y, Liu L, Luo Y, Chen M, Huan Y, Fang R. Effects of Aspirin and Intrauterine Balloon on Endometrial Repair and Reproductive Prognosis in Patients with Severe Intrauterine Adhesion: A Prospective Cohort Study. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:8526104.

Li X, Luan T, Zhao C, et al. Effect of sildenafil citrate on treatment of infertility in women with a thin endometrium: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Int Med Res. Nov 2020;48(11):300060520969584.

Koo HS, Yoon MJ, Hong SH, et al. Non-invasive Intrauterine Administration of Botulinum Toxin A Enhances Endometrial Angiogenesis and Improves the Rates of Embryo Implantation. Reprod Sci. Jun 2021;28(6):1671-1687.

Krief F, Simon C, Goldstein R, Ellenberg LP, Ledee N. Efficacy of tocopherol and pentoxifylline combined therapy for women undergoing assisted reproductive treatment with poor endometrial development: a retrospective cohort study on 143 patients. Hum Fertil (Camb). Dec 2021;24(5):367-375.

So S, Yamaguchi W, Murabayashi N, Miyano N, Tawara F, Kanayama N. Beneficial effect of l-arginine in women using assisted reproductive technologies: a small-scale randomized controlled trial. Nutr Res. Oct 2020;82:67-73.

Patel NH, Jadeja YD, Patel NH, et al. Birth of a healthy infant after bone marrow-derived cell therapy. Clin Exp Reprod Med. Sep 2021;48(3):268-272.

Isik G, Oktem M, Guler I, et al. The impact of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on thin endometrium of an animal model with rats. Gynecol Endocrinol. May 2021;37(5):438-445.

Kunicki M, Lukaszuk K, Liss J, Skowronska P, Szczyptanska J. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor treatment of resistant thin endometrium in women with frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer. Syst Biol Reprod Med. Feb 2017;63(1):49-57.

Liu X, Qian C, Jiang X, et al. Efficacy of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of thin endometrium: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. Aug 30 2024;24(1):567.

Farifteh F, Fazeli E, Zeinab Hosseini S, et al. Intrauterine administration of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells regulates the endometrium estrogen and progesterone receptor expression: An RCT. Int J Reprod Biomed. May 2023;21(4):343-354.

Zhang X, Chen Y, Zhao R, et al. The clinical efficacy of Jinfeng pill in the treatment of thin endometrial infertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Palliat Med. Dec 2021;10(12):12529-12537.

Mahajan N, Sharma S. The endometrium in assisted reproductive technology: How thin is thin? J Hum Reprod Sci. Jan-Mar 2016;9(1):3-8.