Uterin Septumun Yönetimi

Kobayashi A, Behringer RR. Developmental genetics of the female reproductive tract in mammals. Nat Rev Genet. 2003 Dec;4(12):969-980.

Witchie E. Embryology of the uterus: normal and experimental. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1959 Jan 09; 75:412-435.

Robbins JB, Broadwell C, Chow LC, et al. Müllerian duct anomalies: embryological development, classification, and MRI assessment. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2015 Jan;41(1):1-12.

Guioli S, Sekido R, Lovell-Badge R. The origin of the Mullerian duct in chick and mouse. Dev Biol. 2007 Feb 15;302(2):389-398.

Rai R, Regan L. Recurrent miscarriage. Lancet. 2006; 368:601–611.

Grimbizis GF, Gordts S, Di Spiezio SA, et al. The ESHRE/ESGE consensus on the classification of female genital tract congenital anomalies. Hum Reprod. 2013; 28:2032–44.

Rikken Jfw , Leeuwis-Fedorovich NE, Letteboer S, et al. The pathophysiology of the septate uterus: a systematic review. BJOG .2019 Sep;126(10):1192-1199.

Chan YY, Jayaprakasan K, Zamora J, et al. The prevalence of congenital uterine anomalies in unselected and high-risk populations: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update. 2011;17(6):761–771.

Saravelos SH, Cocksedge KA, Li TC. Prevalance and diagnosis of congenital uterine anomalies in women with reproductive failure: a critical appraisal. Hum Reprod Update. 2008; 14:415-429.

Ludwin A, Tudorache S, Martins WP. ASRM Müllerian Anomalies Classification 2021: a critical review. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Jul;60(1):7-21.

Jacquinet A, Millar D, Lehman A. Etiologies of uterine malformations. Am J Med Genet A. 2016 Aug;170(8):2141-72.

Fedele L, Bianchi S, Marchini M, et al. Ultrastructural aspects of endometrium in infertile women with septate uterus. Fertil Steril. 1996; 65:750–2.

Raga F, Casan EM, Bonilla-Musoles F. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors in the endometrium of septate uterus. Fertil Steril. 2009; 92:1085–1090.

Chan YY, Jayaprakasan K, Tan A, et al. Reproductive outcomes in women with congenital uterine anomalies: a systematic review. Ultrasound in Obstet Gynecol. 2011; 38:371–82.

Abdel Moety GA, Gaafar HM, Shawki O, et al. Histological structure and vascularity of hysteroscopically removed uterine septa in patients with primary infertility and patients with recurrent pregnancy loss. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2016; 23:66–71.

Candiani GB, Fedele L, Zamberletti D, et al.Endometrial patterns in malformed uteri. Acta Eur Fertil.1983;14:311–318.

Fedele L, Bianchi S, Marchini M, et al. Ultrastructural aspects of endometrium in infertile women with septate uterus. Fertil Steril.1996;65:750–752.

Raga F, Casan EM, Bonilla-Musoles F. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors in the endometrium of septate uterus. Fertil Steril. 2009; 92:1085–1090.

Raga F, Bauset C, Remohi J, et al. Reproductive impact of congenital Müllerian anomalies Hum Reprod. 1997 Oct;12(10):2277-2281.

Ludmir J, Samuels P, Brooks S, et al. Pregnancy outcome of patients with uncorrected uterine anomalies managed in a high-risk obstetric setting. Obstet Gynecol. 1990; 75:906.

Heinonen PK. Complete septate uterus with longitudinal vaginal septum. Fertil Steril. 2006; 85:700.

Valle RF, Expo GE. Hysteroscopic metroplasty fort he septate uterus: review and meta-analysis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2013;20(1):22.

Venetis CA, Papadopoulos SP, Campo R, et al. Clinical implications of congenital uterine anomalies: a meta-analysis of comparative studies. Reprod Biomed Online. 2014:29:665.

Fedele L, Dorta M, Brioschi D, et al. Pregnancies in septate uteri: outcome in relation to site of uterine implantation asdetermined by sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol.1989;152:781–4.

1Woelfer B, Salim R, Banerjee S, et al. Reproductive outcomes in women with congenital uterine anomalies detected by three-dimensional ultrasound screening. Obstet Gynecol. 2001; 98:1099–1103.

Sadek SM, Ahmad RA, Soliman BS. Three dimensional color Doppler transvaginal ultrasound morphologic features of uterine septum and residual cavity in women with reproductive failure. Middle East Fertil Soc J. 2015; 20:21–26.

Evidence-based diagnosis and treatment for uterine septum: a guideline. Fertil Steril. 2024 Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Aug;122(2):251-265.

Dixit R, Duggireddy CS, Pradhan GS. Mullerian anomalies: revisiting imaging and classification. Insights Imaging. 2025 Feb 17;16(1):40.

Phefier SM, Attaran M, Goldstein J, et al. ASRM müllerian anomalies classification 2021. Fertil Steril .2021;116(5):1238-1252.

Ludwin A, Ludwin I. Comparison of the ESHRE-ESGE and ASRM classifications of Müllerian duct anomalies in everyday practice. Hum Reprod. 2015;30(3):569–580.

Grimbizis GF, Gordts S, Di Spiezio Sardo A, et al. The ESHRE/ESGE consensus on the classification of female genital tract congenital anomalies. Hum Reprod. 2013;28(8):2032–2044.

Mueller GC, Hussain HK, Smith YR, et al. Mullerian duct anomalies: comparison of MRI diagnosis and clinical diagnosis. Am J Roentgenol. 2007; 189:1294-1302.

Imboden S, Muller M, Raio L, et al. Clinical significance of 3D ultrasound compared to MRI in uterine malformations. Ultraschall Med. 2014; 35:440-444.

Ludwin A, Trolice MP, Bhagavath B, et al. Resection of a uterine septum in a normal uterus: Whoa Nellie. Fertil Steril. 2021 May;115(5):1140-1142.

Rikken JFW, Kowalik CR, Emanuel MH, et al. Septum resection versus expectant management in women with a septate uterus: an international multicenter open-label randomized controlled trial. Hum Reprod. 2021 Apr 20;36(5):1260-1267.

Carrera M, Perez Millan F, Alcazar JL, et al. Effect of hysteroscopic metroplasty on reproductive outcomes in women with septate uterus: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2022; 29:465-475.

Dalal RJ, Pai HD, Palshetkar NP, et al. Hysteroscopic metroplasty in women with primary infertility and septate uterus: reproductive performance after surgery. J Reprod Med. 2012; 57:13–16.

Shokeir T, Abdelshaheed M, El-Sha e M, et al. Determinants of fertility and reproductive success after hysteroscopic septoplasty for women with unexplained primary infertility: a prospective analysis of 88 cases. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2011; 155:54–75.

Tonguc EA, Var T, Batioglu S. Hysteroscopic metroplasty in patients with a uterine septum and otherwise unexplained infertility. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2011; 113:128–130.

Ozgur K, Isikoglu M, Donmez L, et al. Is hysteroscopic correction of an incomplete uterine septum justi ed prior to IVF? Reprod Biomed Online. 2007; 14:335–340.

Tomazevic T, Ban-Frangez H, Virant-Klun I, et al. Septate, subseptate and arcuate uterus decrease pregnancy and live birth rates in IVF/ICSI. Reprod Biomed Online. 2010; 21:700–705.

Candiani GB, Vercellini P, Fedele L, et al. Argon laser versus microscissors for hysteroscopic incision of uterine septa. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991 Jan;164(1):87-90.

Vercellini P, Vendola N, Colombo A, et al. Hysteroscopic metroplasty with resectoscope or microscissors for the correction of septate uterus. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1993 May;176(5):439-442.

Colacurci N, De Franciscis P, Mollo A, et al. Small-diameter hysteroscopy with Versapoint versus resectoscopy with a unipolar knife for the treatment of septate uterus: a prospective randomized study. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2007;14(5):622-627.

Wang S, Shi X, Hua X, et al. Hysteroscopic transcervical resection of uterine septum. JSLS. 2013;17(4):517-20.

Vercellini P, Fedele L, Arcaini L, et al. Value of intrauterine device insertion and estrogen administration after hysteroscopic metroplasty. J reprod Med. 1989; 34:447.

Candiani GB, Vercellini P, Fedele L, et al. Repair of the uterine cavity after hysteroscopic septal incision. Fertil Steril. 1990; 54:991.

Fedele L, Bianchi S, Marchini M, et al. Residual uterine septum of less than 1 cm after hysteroscopic metroplasty does not impair reproductive outcome. Hum Reprod. 1996; 11:727-729.

Halverson LM, Aserkoff RD, Oskowitz SP. Spontaneous uterine rüptüre after hysteroscopic metroplasty with uterine perforation. A case report. J Reprod Med. 1993; 38:226.

Parsanezhad ME, Alborzi S, Zarei A,et al. Hysteroscopic metroplasty of the complete uterine septum, duplicate cervix, and vaginal septum. Fertil Steril. 2006; 85:1473–1477.

Vercellini P, Ragni G, Trespidi L, et al. A modifed technique for correction of the complete septate uterus. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand.1994;73:425-428.

Chen Y, Sun L, Qian H, et al. Hysteroscopic Fenestration with Precise Incision of the Cavity Septum: A Novel Minimally Invasive Surgery of Complete Septate Uterus with Double Cervix. JMIG. 2023; 30(9):716-724

Kobayashi A, Behringer RR. Developmental genetics of the female reproductive tract in mammals. Nat Rev Genet. 2003 Dec;4(12):969-980.

Witchie E. Embryology of the uterus: normal and experimental. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1959 Jan 09; 75:412-435.

Robbins JB, Broadwell C, Chow LC, et al. Müllerian duct anomalies: embryological development, classification, and MRI assessment. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2015 Jan;41(1):1-12.

Guioli S, Sekido R, Lovell-Badge R. The origin of the Mullerian duct in chick and mouse. Dev Biol. 2007 Feb 15;302(2):389-398.

Rai R, Regan L. Recurrent miscarriage. Lancet. 2006; 368:601–611.

Grimbizis GF, Gordts S, Di Spiezio SA, et al. The ESHRE/ESGE consensus on the classification of female genital tract congenital anomalies. Hum Reprod. 2013; 28:2032–44.

Rikken Jfw , Leeuwis-Fedorovich NE, Letteboer S, et al. The pathophysiology of the septate uterus: a systematic review. BJOG .2019 Sep;126(10):1192-1199.

Chan YY, Jayaprakasan K, Zamora J, et al. The prevalence of congenital uterine anomalies in unselected and high-risk populations: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update. 2011;17(6):761–771.

Saravelos SH, Cocksedge KA, Li TC. Prevalance and diagnosis of congenital uterine anomalies in women with reproductive failure: a critical appraisal. Hum Reprod Update. 2008; 14:415-429.

Ludwin A, Tudorache S, Martins WP. ASRM Müllerian Anomalies Classification 2021: a critical review. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Jul;60(1):7-21.

Jacquinet A, Millar D, Lehman A. Etiologies of uterine malformations. Am J Med Genet A. 2016 Aug;170(8):2141-72.

Fedele L, Bianchi S, Marchini M, et al. Ultrastructural aspects of endometrium in infertile women with septate uterus. Fertil Steril. 1996; 65:750–2.

Raga F, Casan EM, Bonilla-Musoles F. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors in the endometrium of septate uterus. Fertil Steril. 2009; 92:1085–1090.

Chan YY, Jayaprakasan K, Tan A, et al. Reproductive outcomes in women with congenital uterine anomalies: a systematic review. Ultrasound in Obstet Gynecol. 2011; 38:371–82.

Abdel Moety GA, Gaafar HM, Shawki O, et al. Histological structure and vascularity of hysteroscopically removed uterine septa in patients with primary infertility and patients with recurrent pregnancy loss. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2016; 23:66–71.

Candiani GB, Fedele L, Zamberletti D, et al.Endometrial patterns in malformed uteri. Acta Eur Fertil.1983;14:311–318.

Fedele L, Bianchi S, Marchini M, et al. Ultrastructural aspects of endometrium in infertile women with septate uterus. Fertil Steril.1996;65:750–752.

Raga F, Casan EM, Bonilla-Musoles F. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors in the endometrium of septate uterus. Fertil Steril. 2009; 92:1085–1090.

Raga F, Bauset C, Remohi J, et al. Reproductive impact of congenital Müllerian anomalies Hum Reprod. 1997 Oct;12(10):2277-2281.

Ludmir J, Samuels P, Brooks S, et al. Pregnancy outcome of patients with uncorrected uterine anomalies managed in a high-risk obstetric setting. Obstet Gynecol. 1990; 75:906.

Heinonen PK. Complete septate uterus with longitudinal vaginal septum. Fertil Steril. 2006; 85:700.

Valle RF, Expo GE. Hysteroscopic metroplasty fort he septate uterus: review and meta-analysis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2013;20(1):22.

Venetis CA, Papadopoulos SP, Campo R, et al. Clinical implications of congenital uterine anomalies: a meta-analysis of comparative studies. Reprod Biomed Online. 2014:29:665.

Fedele L, Dorta M, Brioschi D, et al. Pregnancies in septate uteri: outcome in relation to site of uterine implantation asdetermined by sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol.1989;152:781–4.

1Woelfer B, Salim R, Banerjee S, et al. Reproductive outcomes in women with congenital uterine anomalies detected by three-dimensional ultrasound screening. Obstet Gynecol. 2001; 98:1099–1103.

Sadek SM, Ahmad RA, Soliman BS. Three dimensional color Doppler transvaginal ultrasound morphologic features of uterine septum and residual cavity in women with reproductive failure. Middle East Fertil Soc J. 2015; 20:21–26.

Evidence-based diagnosis and treatment for uterine septum: a guideline. Fertil Steril. 2024 Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Aug;122(2):251-265.

Dixit R, Duggireddy CS, Pradhan GS. Mullerian anomalies: revisiting imaging and classification. Insights Imaging. 2025 Feb 17;16(1):40.

Phefier SM, Attaran M, Goldstein J, et al. ASRM müllerian anomalies classification 2021. Fertil Steril .2021;116(5):1238-1252.

Ludwin A, Ludwin I. Comparison of the ESHRE-ESGE and ASRM classifications of Müllerian duct anomalies in everyday practice. Hum Reprod. 2015;30(3):569–580.

Grimbizis GF, Gordts S, Di Spiezio Sardo A, et al. The ESHRE/ESGE consensus on the classification of female genital tract congenital anomalies. Hum Reprod. 2013;28(8):2032–2044.

Mueller GC, Hussain HK, Smith YR, et al. Mullerian duct anomalies: comparison of MRI diagnosis and clinical diagnosis. Am J Roentgenol. 2007; 189:1294-1302.

Imboden S, Muller M, Raio L, et al. Clinical significance of 3D ultrasound compared to MRI in uterine malformations. Ultraschall Med. 2014; 35:440-444.

Ludwin A, Trolice MP, Bhagavath B, et al. Resection of a uterine septum in a normal uterus: Whoa Nellie. Fertil Steril. 2021 May;115(5):1140-1142.

Rikken JFW, Kowalik CR, Emanuel MH, et al. Septum resection versus expectant management in women with a septate uterus: an international multicenter open-label randomized controlled trial. Hum Reprod. 2021 Apr 20;36(5):1260-1267.

Carrera M, Perez Millan F, Alcazar JL, et al. Effect of hysteroscopic metroplasty on reproductive outcomes in women with septate uterus: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2022; 29:465-475.

Dalal RJ, Pai HD, Palshetkar NP, et al. Hysteroscopic metroplasty in women with primary infertility and septate uterus: reproductive performance after surgery. J Reprod Med. 2012; 57:13–16.

Shokeir T, Abdelshaheed M, El-Sha e M, et al. Determinants of fertility and reproductive success after hysteroscopic septoplasty for women with unexplained primary infertility: a prospective analysis of 88 cases. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2011; 155:54–75.

Tonguc EA, Var T, Batioglu S. Hysteroscopic metroplasty in patients with a uterine septum and otherwise unexplained infertility. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2011; 113:128–130.

Ozgur K, Isikoglu M, Donmez L, et al. Is hysteroscopic correction of an incomplete uterine septum justi ed prior to IVF? Reprod Biomed Online. 2007; 14:335–340.

Tomazevic T, Ban-Frangez H, Virant-Klun I, et al. Septate, subseptate and arcuate uterus decrease pregnancy and live birth rates in IVF/ICSI. Reprod Biomed Online. 2010; 21:700–705.

Candiani GB, Vercellini P, Fedele L, et al. Argon laser versus microscissors for hysteroscopic incision of uterine septa. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991 Jan;164(1):87-90.

Vercellini P, Vendola N, Colombo A, et al. Hysteroscopic metroplasty with resectoscope or microscissors for the correction of septate uterus. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1993 May;176(5):439-442.

Colacurci N, De Franciscis P, Mollo A, et al. Small-diameter hysteroscopy with Versapoint versus resectoscopy with a unipolar knife for the treatment of septate uterus: a prospective randomized study. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2007;14(5):622-627.

Wang S, Shi X, Hua X, et al. Hysteroscopic transcervical resection of uterine septum. JSLS. 2013;17(4):517-20.

Vercellini P, Fedele L, Arcaini L, et al. Value of intrauterine device insertion and estrogen administration after hysteroscopic metroplasty. J reprod Med. 1989; 34:447.

Candiani GB, Vercellini P, Fedele L, et al. Repair of the uterine cavity after hysteroscopic septal incision. Fertil Steril. 1990; 54:991.

Fedele L, Bianchi S, Marchini M, et al. Residual uterine septum of less than 1 cm after hysteroscopic metroplasty does not impair reproductive outcome. Hum Reprod. 1996; 11:727-729.

Halverson LM, Aserkoff RD, Oskowitz SP. Spontaneous uterine rüptüre after hysteroscopic metroplasty with uterine perforation. A case report. J Reprod Med. 1993; 38:226.

Parsanezhad ME, Alborzi S, Zarei A,et al. Hysteroscopic metroplasty of the complete uterine septum, duplicate cervix, and vaginal septum. Fertil Steril. 2006; 85:1473–1477.

Vercellini P, Ragni G, Trespidi L, et al. A modifed technique for correction of the complete septate uterus. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand.1994;73:425-428.

Chen Y, Sun L, Qian H, et al. Hysteroscopic Fenestration with Precise Incision of the Cavity Septum: A Novel Minimally Invasive Surgery of Complete Septate Uterus with Double Cervix. JMIG. 2023; 30(9):716-724