Adölesan Dönemde Erken Evlilikler ve Adölesan Gebelikler
Özet
Adölesan dönemde erken evlilikler ve adölesan gebelikler, çok boyutlu bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü'ne göre her yıl 15-19 yaş aralığında 21 milyon kız çocuğu gebe kalmakta bunlardan 12 milyonu doğum yapmaktadır. Aynı zamanda bu gebeliklerin yaklaşık 5,6 milyonu kürtajla sonuçlanmaktadır. Rakamlar ülkeler arasında farklılık gösterse de adölesan doğumlar tüm doğumların yaklaşık %11'ini oluşturmaktadır. Uluslararası literatür incelendiğinde 15–19 yaş arasındaki kız çocuklarında yüksek gebelik, doğum ve kürtaj yükü; buna eşlik eden obstetrik-neonatal komplikasyonlar ve ruhsal problem riski dikkat çekmektedir. Yoksulluk, toplumsal cinsiyet normları, eğitimden kopuş, göç ve hukuki boşluklar ise başlıca belirleyiciler olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleriyle uyumlu çözüm için kapsamlı cinsellik/üreme sağlığı eğitimi, adölesan-dostu hizmetler, ekonomik ve hukuki güçlendirme, çok sektörlü politikalar ve sağlık profesyonellerinin savunuculuk-izlem-danışmanlık rolleri önerilmektedir.
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