Polisiklik Aromatik Hidrok Arbon (Pah)’Lar ve Toprak Kirliliği
Özet
Polisiklik Aromatik Hidrokarbonlar (PAH’lar), çevreye yayılabilen ve hem ekosistemler hem de insan sağlığı üzerinde ciddi etkileri olan organik kirleticilerdir. PAH’lar doğal olaylar ve insan faaliyetleri sonucu atmosfere salınır, ardından toprak, su ve hava ekosistemlerine çökelir. Yüksek moleküler ağırlıklı PAH’lar, toprakta ve su ekosistemlerinde uzun süre kalıcıdır, bu da çevresel ve biyolojik riskleri artırır. PAH’lar, özellikle kentsel ve sanayi bölgelerinde yoğun olarak birikir; fosil yakıtların yanması, motorlu taşıt emisyonları ve endüstriyel faaliyetler en önemli kaynaklar arasında yer alır. PAH'ların taşınımı ve kalıcılığı, toprak yapısı ve organik madde içeriği gibi faktörlere bağlıdır. İnsanlar, bu kirleticilere solunum, cilt teması ve kirlenmiş gıda tüketimi yoluyla maruz kalır. Solunum yoluyla alınan PAH'lar kanser ve genetik bozukluklara yol açabilir. PAH kirliliğini azaltmak için sanayi emisyonlarının kontrol altına alınması, fosil yakıt tüketiminin azaltılması ve sürdürülebilir enerji kaynaklarına geçilmesi gerekmektedir. Ayrıca, tarımsal alanlarda PAH birikimini izlemek ve gıda güvenliğini sağlamak için daha fazla çalışma yapılmalıdır.
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