Sakrokoksigeal Teratoma

Hambraeus, M., et al., Differential activation of immune effector processes in mature compared to immature sacrococcygeal teratomas. Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2022. 41(3): p. 413-425.

Vinit, N., et al., Growth velocity of fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma as predictor of perinatal morbidity and mortality: multicenter study. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2024. 64(5): p. 651-660.

Elgendy, A., et al., Management strategy and outcomes of sacrococcygeal teratoma—an Egyptian multicenter experience. World Journal of Surgical Oncology, 2023. 21(1): p. 294.

Mullassery, D. and P.D. Losty, Sacrococcygeal teratoma. Rickham's Neonatal Surgery, 2018: p. 1125-1133.

Jouzova, A., et al., Sacrococcygeal teratoma-prognosis based on prenatal ultrasound diagnosis, single-center experience and literature review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2025. 25: p. 469.

Abiad, M., et al., Fetal Teratomas: Advances in Diagnosis and Management. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2024. 13(20): p. 6245.

Braungart, S., et al., Sacrococcygeal teratoma: Long‐term outcomes. A UK CCLG Surgeons Group Nationwide Study. Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 2023. 70(1): p. e29994.

Hambraeus, M., et al., Sacrococcygeal teratoma: a population-based study of incidence and prenatal prognostic factors. Journal of pediatric surgery, 2016. 51(3): p. 481-485.

Tuladhar, R., S. Patole, and J. Whitehall, Sacrococcygeal teratoma in the perinatal period. Postgraduate medical journal, 2000. 76(902): p. 754-759.

Phi, J.H., Sacrococcygeal teratoma: a tumor at the center of embryogenesis. Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society, 2021. 64(3): p. 406-413.

Pringle, K.C. and H. Kitagawa, Sacrococcygeal Teratoma, in Pediatric Surgery, P. Puri and M.E. Höllwarth, Editors. 2019, Springer Berlin Heidelberg: Berlin, Heidelberg. p. 439-443.

Marcu, M.L., et al., Fetal sacrococcygeal immature teratoma–report of two cases and review of the literature. Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology, 2022. 63(1): p. 203.

Bah, O., et al., Antenatal Diagnosis of Sacrococcygeal Teratoma: A Case Report. Open Journal of Urology, 2025. 15(4): p. 115-119.

Reinberg, O., Teratoma: Sacrococcygeal and Cervical. Neonatal Surgery: Contemporary Strategies from Fetal Life to the First Year of Age, 2019: p. 499-512.

Virchow, R., Ueber die sakralgeschwulst des schliewener kindes. Klin Wschr, 1869. 46: p. 132.

Varlas, V.N., et al., Immature sacrococcygeal teratoma: a case report and extensive review of the literature. Diagnostics, 2024. 14(3): p. 246.

Masahata, K., et al., Long-term functional outcome of sacrococcygeal teratoma after resection in neonates and infants: a single-center experience. Pediatric Surgery International, 2020. 36: p. 1327-1332.

Hasan, S., et al., Germ Cell Neoplasms of Sacrococcygeal Region: Clinical Characteristics, Outcomes and Analysis of Recurrence after Treatment; A Comprehensive 20-Year Single Center Study. 2024.

Busch, C., et al., Immunohistochemical localization of nanog and Oct4 in stem cell compartments of human sacrococcygeal teratomas. Histopathology, 2008. 52(6): p. 717-730.

Neupane, D., et al., Giant sacrococcygeal teratoma in a neonate: illustrative case. Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons, 2022. 3(19).

Parvez, M., et al., Childhood sacrococcygeal teratoma: A histopathological study. Saudi J Med Pharm Sci, 2022. 8(12): p. 809-812.

Hoffner, L., et al., Cytogenetics and origins of pediatric germ cell tumors. Cancer genetics and cytogenetics, 1994. 74(1): p. 54-58.

Batukan, C., et al., Sacrococcygeal teratoma in a fetus with prenatally diagnosed partial trisomy 10q (10q24. 3→ qter) and partial monosomy 17p (p13. 3→ pter). Prenatal Diagnosis: Published in Affiliation With the International Society for Prenatal Diagnosis, 2007. 27(4): p. 365-368.

Kremer, M.E., et al., The incidence of associated abnormalities in patients with sacrococcygeal teratoma. Journal of pediatric surgery, 2018. 53(10): p. 1918-1922.

Dirix, M., et al., Malignant transformation in sacrococcygeal teratoma and in presacral teratoma associated with Currarino syndrome: a comparative study. Journal of pediatric surgery, 2015. 50(3): p. 462-464.

Lynch, S.A., et al., Autosomal dominant sacral agenesis: Currarino syndrome. Journal of medical genetics, 2000. 37(8): p. 561-566.

Dworschak, G.C., H.M. Reutter, and M. Ludwig, Currarino syndrome: a comprehensive genetic review of a rare congenital disorder. Orphanet journal of rare diseases, 2021. 16: p. 1-10.

Woodward, P.J., et al., From the archives of the AFIP: a comprehensive review of fetal tumors with pathologic correlation. Radiographics, 2005. 25(1): p. 215-242.

Shalaby, M.S., et al., The long-term outcome of patients diagnosed with sacrococcygeal teratoma in childhood. A study of a national cohort. Archives of disease in childhood, 2014. 99(11): p. 1009-1013.

Altman, R.P., J.G. Randolph, and J.R. Lilly, Sacrococcygeal teratoma: American academy of pediatrics surgical section survey-1973. J Pediatr Surg, 1974. 9(3): p. 389-398.

Szyllo, K. and N. Lesnik, Sacrococcygeal teratoma–case report and review of the literature. The American Journal of Case Reports, 2013. 14: p. 1.

Guo, J.-X., J.-G. Zhao, and Y.-N. Bao, Adult sacrococcygeal teratoma: A review. Medicine, 2022. 101(52): p. e32410.

Goyal, A., et al., A rare case of sacrococcygeal teratoma in adult. Indian journal of surgical oncology, 2020. 11(Suppl 1): p. 102-104.

Xu, X.-m., et al., Adult sacrococcygeal teratoma: a retrospective study over eight years at a single institution. Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B, 2019. 20(8): p. 670.

Yoneda, A., et al., Impact of the histological type on the prognosis of patients with prenatally diagnosed sacrococcygeal teratomas: the results of a nationwide Japanese survey. Pediatric surgery international, 2013. 29: p. 1119-1125.

Konno, H., et al., Perinatal Outcomes of Intrauterine Interventions for Fetal Sacrococcygeal Teratoma Based on Different Surgical Techniques—A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2024. 13(9): p. 2649.

Gonzalez-Crussi, F., R. Winkler, and D. Mirkin, Sacrococcygeal teratomas in infants and children: relationship of histology and prognosis in 40 cases. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 1978. 102(8): p. 420-425.

Gebb, J.S., et al., High tumor volume to fetal weight ratio is associated with worse fetal outcomes and increased maternal risk in fetuses with sacrococcygeal teratoma. Fetal diagnosis and therapy, 2019. 45(2): p. 94-101.

Cost, N.G., et al., Urologic co‐morbidities associated with sacrococcygeal teratoma and a rational plan for urologic surveillance. Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 2013. 60(10): p. 1626-1629.

Tosun, M., et al., A single-center experience of magnetic resonance imaging findings of fetal sacrococcygeal teratomas. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 2022. 52(4): p. 1190-1196.

Ulm, B., et al., Prenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance evaluation and fetal outcome in high‐risk fetal tumors: a retrospective single‐center cohort study over 20 years. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 2020. 99(11): p. 1534-1545.

van Heurn, L.J., et al., Factors associated with poor outcome in fetuses prenatally diagnosed with sacrococcygeal teratoma. Prenatal Diagnosis, 2021. 41(11): p. 1430-1438.

Vaez-Zadeh, K., et al., Sacrococcygeal teratomas in children. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 1972. 7(2): p. 152-156.

Litwińska, M., et al., Percutaneous intratumor laser ablation for fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma. Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, 2020. 47(2): p. 138-144.

Menchaca, A.D., et al., Percutaneous versus Open Fetal Surgical Intervention for Sacrococcygeal Teratomas: Is Less Really More? Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, 2023. 50(5): p. 313-331.

Kiani, A.K., et al., Prenatal genetic diagnosis: fetal therapy as a possible solution to a positive test. Acta Bio Medica: Atenei Parmensis, 2020. 91(Suppl 13): p. e2020021.

Creden, S.P., et al., Approach and Technique for Cesarean Section to Immediate Resection for High-Risk Sacrococcygeal Teratomas. Journal of Surgical Research, 2023. 292: p. 38-43.

Peiró, J.L., et al., Management of fetal teratomas. Pediatric surgery international, 2016. 32: p. 635-647.

Gross, R.E., Sacrococcygeal teratomas in infants and children. Surg Gynecol Obstet, 1951. 92: p. 341-354.

Abou Zeid, A.A., et al., Sacrococcygeal teratoma excision: a vertical rather than transverse wound closure. Annals of Pediatric Surgery, 2017. 13(4): p. 207-212.

O’Shea, K., et al., Sacrococcygeal teratomas: midline reconstruction improves cosmesis without compromising outcomes. Pediatric Surgery International, 2022. 38(4): p. 617-621.

AbouZeid, A.A., et al., Vertical wound closure following sacrococcygeal teratoma excision: an approachable aesthetic solution. Annals of Pediatric Surgery, 2022. 18(1).

Mahdi, A., E. Jauniaux, and H. Mahdi, EP28. 07: Fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma with severe hemorrhage and maternal mirror syndrome. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2022. 60.

Kramer, K.P., et al., Fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma and the development of hydrops. Neoreviews, 2021. 22(2): p. e141-e147.

Gavin, N.R., et al., The role of fetal therapy in the management of mirror syndrome: a narrative review. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 2024. 37(1): p. 2345307.

van Heurn, L.J., et al., Prognostic accuracy of factors associated with poor outcome in prenatally diagnosed sacrococcygeal teratoma: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Prenatal Diagnosis, 2023. 43(12): p. 1495-1505.

Yao, W., et al., Analysis of recurrence risks for sacrococcygeal teratoma in children. Journal of pediatric surgery, 2014. 49(12): p. 1839-1842.

Nam, S.H., et al., Half-life of alpha-fetoprotein in neonatal sacrococcygeal teratoma. Journal of pediatric surgery, 2018. 53(12): p. 2470-2474.

Zvizdic, Z., et al., A long-term outcome of the patients with sacrococcygeal teratoma: a Bosnian cohort. Turkish Archives of Pediatrics, 2023. 58(2): p. 168.

Ferraro, S., et al., Serum α-fetoprotein in pediatric oncology: not a children’s tale. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), 2019. 57(6): p. 783-797.

Van Heurn, L., et al., Diagnostic accuracy of serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in diagnosing recurrent sacrococcygeal teratoma: a systematic review. Journal of pediatric surgery, 2020. 55(9): p. 1732-1739.

Padilla, B.E., et al., Sacrococcygeal teratoma: late recurrence warrants long-term surveillance. Pediatric Surgery International, 2017. 33: p. 1189-1194.

Hambraeus, M., et al., Long-term outcome of sacrococcygeal teratoma: a controlled cohort study of urinary tract and bowel dysfunction and predictors of poor outcome. The Journal of pediatrics, 2018. 198: p. 131-136. e2.

Hambraeus, M., et al., Differential activation of immune effector processes in mature compared to immature sacrococcygeal teratomas. Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2022. 41(3): p. 413-425.

Vinit, N., et al., Growth velocity of fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma as predictor of perinatal morbidity and mortality: multicenter study. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2024. 64(5): p. 651-660.

Elgendy, A., et al., Management strategy and outcomes of sacrococcygeal teratoma—an Egyptian multicenter experience. World Journal of Surgical Oncology, 2023. 21(1): p. 294.

Mullassery, D. and P.D. Losty, Sacrococcygeal teratoma. Rickham's Neonatal Surgery, 2018: p. 1125-1133.

Jouzova, A., et al., Sacrococcygeal teratoma-prognosis based on prenatal ultrasound diagnosis, single-center experience and literature review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2025. 25: p. 469.

Abiad, M., et al., Fetal Teratomas: Advances in Diagnosis and Management. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2024. 13(20): p. 6245.

Braungart, S., et al., Sacrococcygeal teratoma: Long‐term outcomes. A UK CCLG Surgeons Group Nationwide Study. Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 2023. 70(1): p. e29994.

Hambraeus, M., et al., Sacrococcygeal teratoma: a population-based study of incidence and prenatal prognostic factors. Journal of pediatric surgery, 2016. 51(3): p. 481-485.

Tuladhar, R., S. Patole, and J. Whitehall, Sacrococcygeal teratoma in the perinatal period. Postgraduate medical journal, 2000. 76(902): p. 754-759.

Phi, J.H., Sacrococcygeal teratoma: a tumor at the center of embryogenesis. Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society, 2021. 64(3): p. 406-413.

Pringle, K.C. and H. Kitagawa, Sacrococcygeal Teratoma, in Pediatric Surgery, P. Puri and M.E. Höllwarth, Editors. 2019, Springer Berlin Heidelberg: Berlin, Heidelberg. p. 439-443.

Marcu, M.L., et al., Fetal sacrococcygeal immature teratoma–report of two cases and review of the literature. Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology, 2022. 63(1): p. 203.

Bah, O., et al., Antenatal Diagnosis of Sacrococcygeal Teratoma: A Case Report. Open Journal of Urology, 2025. 15(4): p. 115-119.

Reinberg, O., Teratoma: Sacrococcygeal and Cervical. Neonatal Surgery: Contemporary Strategies from Fetal Life to the First Year of Age, 2019: p. 499-512.

Virchow, R., Ueber die sakralgeschwulst des schliewener kindes. Klin Wschr, 1869. 46: p. 132.

Varlas, V.N., et al., Immature sacrococcygeal teratoma: a case report and extensive review of the literature. Diagnostics, 2024. 14(3): p. 246.

Masahata, K., et al., Long-term functional outcome of sacrococcygeal teratoma after resection in neonates and infants: a single-center experience. Pediatric Surgery International, 2020. 36: p. 1327-1332.

Hasan, S., et al., Germ Cell Neoplasms of Sacrococcygeal Region: Clinical Characteristics, Outcomes and Analysis of Recurrence after Treatment; A Comprehensive 20-Year Single Center Study. 2024.

Busch, C., et al., Immunohistochemical localization of nanog and Oct4 in stem cell compartments of human sacrococcygeal teratomas. Histopathology, 2008. 52(6): p. 717-730.

Neupane, D., et al., Giant sacrococcygeal teratoma in a neonate: illustrative case. Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons, 2022. 3(19).

Parvez, M., et al., Childhood sacrococcygeal teratoma: A histopathological study. Saudi J Med Pharm Sci, 2022. 8(12): p. 809-812.

Hoffner, L., et al., Cytogenetics and origins of pediatric germ cell tumors. Cancer genetics and cytogenetics, 1994. 74(1): p. 54-58.

Batukan, C., et al., Sacrococcygeal teratoma in a fetus with prenatally diagnosed partial trisomy 10q (10q24. 3→ qter) and partial monosomy 17p (p13. 3→ pter). Prenatal Diagnosis: Published in Affiliation With the International Society for Prenatal Diagnosis, 2007. 27(4): p. 365-368.

Kremer, M.E., et al., The incidence of associated abnormalities in patients with sacrococcygeal teratoma. Journal of pediatric surgery, 2018. 53(10): p. 1918-1922.

Dirix, M., et al., Malignant transformation in sacrococcygeal teratoma and in presacral teratoma associated with Currarino syndrome: a comparative study. Journal of pediatric surgery, 2015. 50(3): p. 462-464.

Lynch, S.A., et al., Autosomal dominant sacral agenesis: Currarino syndrome. Journal of medical genetics, 2000. 37(8): p. 561-566.

Dworschak, G.C., H.M. Reutter, and M. Ludwig, Currarino syndrome: a comprehensive genetic review of a rare congenital disorder. Orphanet journal of rare diseases, 2021. 16: p. 1-10.

Woodward, P.J., et al., From the archives of the AFIP: a comprehensive review of fetal tumors with pathologic correlation. Radiographics, 2005. 25(1): p. 215-242.

Shalaby, M.S., et al., The long-term outcome of patients diagnosed with sacrococcygeal teratoma in childhood. A study of a national cohort. Archives of disease in childhood, 2014. 99(11): p. 1009-1013.

Altman, R.P., J.G. Randolph, and J.R. Lilly, Sacrococcygeal teratoma: American academy of pediatrics surgical section survey-1973. J Pediatr Surg, 1974. 9(3): p. 389-398.

Szyllo, K. and N. Lesnik, Sacrococcygeal teratoma–case report and review of the literature. The American Journal of Case Reports, 2013. 14: p. 1.

Guo, J.-X., J.-G. Zhao, and Y.-N. Bao, Adult sacrococcygeal teratoma: A review. Medicine, 2022. 101(52): p. e32410.

Goyal, A., et al., A rare case of sacrococcygeal teratoma in adult. Indian journal of surgical oncology, 2020. 11(Suppl 1): p. 102-104.

Xu, X.-m., et al., Adult sacrococcygeal teratoma: a retrospective study over eight years at a single institution. Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B, 2019. 20(8): p. 670.

Yoneda, A., et al., Impact of the histological type on the prognosis of patients with prenatally diagnosed sacrococcygeal teratomas: the results of a nationwide Japanese survey. Pediatric surgery international, 2013. 29: p. 1119-1125.

Konno, H., et al., Perinatal Outcomes of Intrauterine Interventions for Fetal Sacrococcygeal Teratoma Based on Different Surgical Techniques—A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2024. 13(9): p. 2649.

Gonzalez-Crussi, F., R. Winkler, and D. Mirkin, Sacrococcygeal teratomas in infants and children: relationship of histology and prognosis in 40 cases. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 1978. 102(8): p. 420-425.

Gebb, J.S., et al., High tumor volume to fetal weight ratio is associated with worse fetal outcomes and increased maternal risk in fetuses with sacrococcygeal teratoma. Fetal diagnosis and therapy, 2019. 45(2): p. 94-101.

Cost, N.G., et al., Urologic co‐morbidities associated with sacrococcygeal teratoma and a rational plan for urologic surveillance. Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 2013. 60(10): p. 1626-1629.

Tosun, M., et al., A single-center experience of magnetic resonance imaging findings of fetal sacrococcygeal teratomas. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 2022. 52(4): p. 1190-1196.

Ulm, B., et al., Prenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance evaluation and fetal outcome in high‐risk fetal tumors: a retrospective single‐center cohort study over 20 years. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 2020. 99(11): p. 1534-1545.

van Heurn, L.J., et al., Factors associated with poor outcome in fetuses prenatally diagnosed with sacrococcygeal teratoma. Prenatal Diagnosis, 2021. 41(11): p. 1430-1438.

Vaez-Zadeh, K., et al., Sacrococcygeal teratomas in children. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 1972. 7(2): p. 152-156.

Litwińska, M., et al., Percutaneous intratumor laser ablation for fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma. Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, 2020. 47(2): p. 138-144.

Menchaca, A.D., et al., Percutaneous versus Open Fetal Surgical Intervention for Sacrococcygeal Teratomas: Is Less Really More? Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, 2023. 50(5): p. 313-331.

Kiani, A.K., et al., Prenatal genetic diagnosis: fetal therapy as a possible solution to a positive test. Acta Bio Medica: Atenei Parmensis, 2020. 91(Suppl 13): p. e2020021.

Creden, S.P., et al., Approach and Technique for Cesarean Section to Immediate Resection for High-Risk Sacrococcygeal Teratomas. Journal of Surgical Research, 2023. 292: p. 38-43.

Peiró, J.L., et al., Management of fetal teratomas. Pediatric surgery international, 2016. 32: p. 635-647.

Gross, R.E., Sacrococcygeal teratomas in infants and children. Surg Gynecol Obstet, 1951. 92: p. 341-354.

Abou Zeid, A.A., et al., Sacrococcygeal teratoma excision: a vertical rather than transverse wound closure. Annals of Pediatric Surgery, 2017. 13(4): p. 207-212.

O’Shea, K., et al., Sacrococcygeal teratomas: midline reconstruction improves cosmesis without compromising outcomes. Pediatric Surgery International, 2022. 38(4): p. 617-621.

AbouZeid, A.A., et al., Vertical wound closure following sacrococcygeal teratoma excision: an approachable aesthetic solution. Annals of Pediatric Surgery, 2022. 18(1).

Mahdi, A., E. Jauniaux, and H. Mahdi, EP28. 07: Fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma with severe hemorrhage and maternal mirror syndrome. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2022. 60.

Kramer, K.P., et al., Fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma and the development of hydrops. Neoreviews, 2021. 22(2): p. e141-e147.

Gavin, N.R., et al., The role of fetal therapy in the management of mirror syndrome: a narrative review. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 2024. 37(1): p. 2345307.

van Heurn, L.J., et al., Prognostic accuracy of factors associated with poor outcome in prenatally diagnosed sacrococcygeal teratoma: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Prenatal Diagnosis, 2023. 43(12): p. 1495-1505.

Yao, W., et al., Analysis of recurrence risks for sacrococcygeal teratoma in children. Journal of pediatric surgery, 2014. 49(12): p. 1839-1842.

Nam, S.H., et al., Half-life of alpha-fetoprotein in neonatal sacrococcygeal teratoma. Journal of pediatric surgery, 2018. 53(12): p. 2470-2474.

Zvizdic, Z., et al., A long-term outcome of the patients with sacrococcygeal teratoma: a Bosnian cohort. Turkish Archives of Pediatrics, 2023. 58(2): p. 168.

Ferraro, S., et al., Serum α-fetoprotein in pediatric oncology: not a children’s tale. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), 2019. 57(6): p. 783-797.

Van Heurn, L., et al., Diagnostic accuracy of serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in diagnosing recurrent sacrococcygeal teratoma: a systematic review. Journal of pediatric surgery, 2020. 55(9): p. 1732-1739.

Padilla, B.E., et al., Sacrococcygeal teratoma: late recurrence warrants long-term surveillance. Pediatric Surgery International, 2017. 33: p. 1189-1194.

Hambraeus, M., et al., Long-term outcome of sacrococcygeal teratoma: a controlled cohort study of urinary tract and bowel dysfunction and predictors of poor outcome. The Journal of pediatrics, 2018. 198: p. 131-136. e2.