Hepatobiliyer, Splenik ve İntestinal Travmalar

Drexel S, Azarow K, Jafri MA. Abdominal Trauma Evaluation for the Pediatric Surgeon. Surgical Clinics of North America 2017;97:59–74. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.suc.2016.08.004.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Vital signs: Unintentional injury deaths among persons aged 0-19 years - United States, 2000-2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2012;61:270–6.

Avarello JT, Cantor RM. Pediatric Major Trauma: An Approach to Evaluation and Management. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 2007;25:803–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emc.2007.06.013.

Cotton BA, Nance ML. Penetrating trauma in children. Seminars in Pediatric Surgery 2004;13:87–97. https:// doi.org/10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2004.01.004.

Amick LF. Penetrating trauma in the pediatric patient. Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine 2001;2:63–70.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1522-8401(01)90026-6.

Capraro AJ, Mooney D, Waltzman ML. The Use of Routine Laboratory Studies as Screening Tools in Pediatric Abdominal Trauma: Pediatric Emergency Care 2006;22:480–4. https://doi.org/10.1097/01. pec.0000227381.61390.d7.

Karam O, La Scala G, Le Coultre C, et al. Liver Function Tests in Children with Blunt Abdominal Traumas.

Eur J Pediatr Surg 2007;17:313–6. https://doi. org/10.1055/s-2007-965533.

Holmes JF, Kelley KM, Kuppermann N. The FAST Examination for Children With Abdominal Trauma— Reply. JAMA 2017;318:1394. https://doi.org/10.1001/ jama.2017.12958.

Morrison J, Bramley K, Rizzo A. Liver Trauma – Operative Management. J R Army Med Corps 2011;157:136–44. https://doi.org/10.1136/jramc-157-02-03.

the WSES expert panel, Coccolini F, Coimbra R, et al. Liver trauma: WSES 2020 guidelines. World J Emerg Surg 2020;15:24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-020- 00302-7.

Piper GL, Peitzman AB. Current Management of Hepatic Trauma. Surgical Clinics of North America 2010;90:775–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. suc.2010.04.009.

Coccolini F, Montori G, Catena F, et al. Liver trauma: WSES position paper. World J Emerg Surg 2015;10:39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-015-0030-9.

Biffl WL, Kaups KL, Cothren CC, et al. Management of Patients With Anterior Abdominal Stab Wounds: A Western Trauma Association Multicenter Trial. Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection & Critical Care 2009;66:1294–301. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.

0b013e31819dc688.

Biffl WL, Moore EE. Management guidelines for penetrating abdominal trauma: Current Opinion in Critical

Care 2010;16:609–17. https://doi.org/10.1097/ MCC.0b013e32833f52d2.

Lamb CM, Garner JP. Selective non-operative management of civilian gunshot wounds to the abdomen: A systematic review of the evidence. Injury 2014;45:659–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2013.07.008.

Biffl WL, Leppaniemi A. Management Guidelines for Penetrating Abdominal Trauma. World j Surg 2015;39:1373–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-014-2793-7.

Demetriades D, Hadjizacharia P, Constantinou C, et al. Selective Nonoperative Management of Penetrating Abdominal Solid Organ Injuries: Transactions of the . Meeting of the American Surgical Association 2006;124:285–93. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.

sla.0000237743.22633.01.

Tignanelli CJ, Joseph B, Jakubus JL, et al. Variability in management of blunt liver trauma and contribution of level of American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma verification status on mortality. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2018;84:273–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/ TA.0000000000001743.

Lynn KN, Werder GM, Callaghan RM, et al. Pediatric blunt splenic trauma: a comprehensive review. Pediatr Radiol 2009;39:904–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00247-009-1336-0.

Upadhyaya P. Conservative management of splenic trauma: history and current trends. Pediatric Surgery International 2003;19:617–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00383-003-0972-y.

Coccolini F, Montori G, Catena F, et al. Splenic trauma: WSES classification and guidelines for adult and pediatric patients. World J Emerg Surg 2017;12:40. https://

doi.org/10.1186/s13017-017-0151-4.

Bairdain S, Litman HJ, Troy M, et al. Twenty-years of splenic preservation at a level 1 pediatric trauma center.

Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2015;50:864–8. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.08.022.

Bond SJ, Eichelberger MR, Gotschall CS, et al. Nonoperative Management of Blunt Hepatic and Splenic Injury in Children: Annals of Surgery 1996;223:286–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-199603000-00009.

Notrica DM, Eubanks JW, Tuggle DW, et al. Nonoperative management of blunt liver and spleen injury in children: Evaluation of the ATOMAC guideline using GRADE. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 2015;79:683–93. https://doi.org/10.1097/

TA.0000000000000808.

Resende V, Petroianu A. Functions of the splenic remnant after subtotal splenectomy for treatment of severe splenic injuries. The American Journal of Surgery 2003;185:311–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002- 9610(02)01407-1.

Lo A, Matheson A-M, Adams D. Impact of concomitant trauma in the management of blunt splenic injuries. N Z Med J 2004;117:U1052.

Bonomi AM, Granieri S, Gupta S, et al. Traumatic hollow viscus and mesenteric injury: role of CT and potential diagnostic–therapeutic algorithm. Updates Surg 2021;73:703–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13304-020-00929-w.

Clarke JR, Trooskin SZ, Doshi PJ, et al. Time to Laparotomy for Intra-abdominal Bleeding from Trauma Does Affect Survival for Delays Up to 90 Minutes: The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 2002;52:420–5. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005373-200203000-00002.

Smyth L, Bendinelli C, Lee N, et al. WSES guidelines on blunt and penetrating bowel injury: diagnosis, investigations, and treatment. World J Emerg Surg 2022;17:13.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-022-00418-y.

Hefny A, Abu-Zidan F. Sonographic diagnosis of intraperitoneal free air. J Emerg Trauma Shock 2011;4:511. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-2700.86649.

Lawson CM, Daley BJ, Ormsby CB, et al. Missed Injuries in the Era of the Trauma Scan. Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection & Critical Care 2011;70:452–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0b013e3182028d71.

Abdel-Aziz H, Dunham CM. Effectiveness of computed tomography scanning to detect blunt bowel and mesenteric injuries requiring surgical intervention: A systematic literature review. The American Journal of Surgery 2019;218:201–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. amjsurg.2018.08.018.

Englum BR, Gulack BC, Rice HE, et al. Management of blunt pancreatic trauma in children: Review of the

National Trauma Data Bank. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2016;51:1526–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.

2016.05.003.

Houben CH, Ade-Ajayi N, Patel S, et al. Traumatic pancreatic duct injury in children: minimally invasive approach to management. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2007;42:629–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg. 2006.12.025.

Kantharia CV, Prabhu RY, Dalvi AN, et al. Spectrum and outcome of pancreatic trauma. Trop Gastroenterol 2007;28:105–8.

Menahem B, Lim C, Lahat E, et al. Conservative and surgical management of pancreatic trauma in adult patients.

Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2016;5:470–7. https:// doi.org/10.21037/hbsn.2016.07.01.

WSES-AAST Expert Panel, Coccolini F, Kobayashi L, et al. Duodeno-pancreatic and extrahepatic biliary tree trauma: WSES-AAST guidelines. World J Emerg Surg 2019;14:56. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-019-0278-6.

Drexel S, Azarow K, Jafri MA. Abdominal Trauma Evaluation for the Pediatric Surgeon. Surgical Clinics of North America 2017;97:59–74. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.suc.2016.08.004.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Vital signs: Unintentional injury deaths among persons aged 0-19 years - United States, 2000-2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2012;61:270–6.

Avarello JT, Cantor RM. Pediatric Major Trauma: An Approach to Evaluation and Management. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 2007;25:803–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emc.2007.06.013.

Cotton BA, Nance ML. Penetrating trauma in children. Seminars in Pediatric Surgery 2004;13:87–97. https:// doi.org/10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2004.01.004.

Amick LF. Penetrating trauma in the pediatric patient. Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine 2001;2:63–70.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1522-8401(01)90026-6.

Capraro AJ, Mooney D, Waltzman ML. The Use of Routine Laboratory Studies as Screening Tools in Pediatric Abdominal Trauma: Pediatric Emergency Care 2006;22:480–4. https://doi.org/10.1097/01. pec.0000227381.61390.d7.

Karam O, La Scala G, Le Coultre C, et al. Liver Function Tests in Children with Blunt Abdominal Traumas.

Eur J Pediatr Surg 2007;17:313–6. https://doi. org/10.1055/s-2007-965533.

Holmes JF, Kelley KM, Kuppermann N. The FAST Examination for Children With Abdominal Trauma— Reply. JAMA 2017;318:1394. https://doi.org/10.1001/ jama.2017.12958.

Morrison J, Bramley K, Rizzo A. Liver Trauma – Operative Management. J R Army Med Corps 2011;157:136–44. https://doi.org/10.1136/jramc-157-02-03.

the WSES expert panel, Coccolini F, Coimbra R, et al. Liver trauma: WSES 2020 guidelines. World J Emerg Surg 2020;15:24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-020- 00302-7.

Piper GL, Peitzman AB. Current Management of Hepatic Trauma. Surgical Clinics of North America 2010;90:775–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. suc.2010.04.009.

Coccolini F, Montori G, Catena F, et al. Liver trauma: WSES position paper. World J Emerg Surg 2015;10:39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-015-0030-9.

Biffl WL, Kaups KL, Cothren CC, et al. Management of Patients With Anterior Abdominal Stab Wounds: A Western Trauma Association Multicenter Trial. Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection & Critical Care 2009;66:1294–301. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.

0b013e31819dc688.

Biffl WL, Moore EE. Management guidelines for penetrating abdominal trauma: Current Opinion in Critical

Care 2010;16:609–17. https://doi.org/10.1097/ MCC.0b013e32833f52d2.

Lamb CM, Garner JP. Selective non-operative management of civilian gunshot wounds to the abdomen: A systematic review of the evidence. Injury 2014;45:659–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2013.07.008.

Biffl WL, Leppaniemi A. Management Guidelines for Penetrating Abdominal Trauma. World j Surg 2015;39:1373–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-014-2793-7.

Demetriades D, Hadjizacharia P, Constantinou C, et al. Selective Nonoperative Management of Penetrating Abdominal Solid Organ Injuries: Transactions of the . Meeting of the American Surgical Association 2006;124:285–93. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.

sla.0000237743.22633.01.

Tignanelli CJ, Joseph B, Jakubus JL, et al. Variability in management of blunt liver trauma and contribution of level of American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma verification status on mortality. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2018;84:273–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/ TA.0000000000001743.

Lynn KN, Werder GM, Callaghan RM, et al. Pediatric blunt splenic trauma: a comprehensive review. Pediatr Radiol 2009;39:904–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00247-009-1336-0.

Upadhyaya P. Conservative management of splenic trauma: history and current trends. Pediatric Surgery International 2003;19:617–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00383-003-0972-y.

Coccolini F, Montori G, Catena F, et al. Splenic trauma: WSES classification and guidelines for adult and pediatric patients. World J Emerg Surg 2017;12:40. https://

doi.org/10.1186/s13017-017-0151-4.

Bairdain S, Litman HJ, Troy M, et al. Twenty-years of splenic preservation at a level 1 pediatric trauma center.

Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2015;50:864–8. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.08.022.

Bond SJ, Eichelberger MR, Gotschall CS, et al. Nonoperative Management of Blunt Hepatic and Splenic Injury in Children: Annals of Surgery 1996;223:286–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-199603000-00009.

Notrica DM, Eubanks JW, Tuggle DW, et al. Nonoperative management of blunt liver and spleen injury in children: Evaluation of the ATOMAC guideline using GRADE. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 2015;79:683–93. https://doi.org/10.1097/

TA.0000000000000808.

Resende V, Petroianu A. Functions of the splenic remnant after subtotal splenectomy for treatment of severe splenic injuries. The American Journal of Surgery 2003;185:311–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002- 9610(02)01407-1.

Lo A, Matheson A-M, Adams D. Impact of concomitant trauma in the management of blunt splenic injuries. N Z Med J 2004;117:U1052.

Bonomi AM, Granieri S, Gupta S, et al. Traumatic hollow viscus and mesenteric injury: role of CT and potential diagnostic–therapeutic algorithm. Updates Surg 2021;73:703–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13304-020-00929-w.

Clarke JR, Trooskin SZ, Doshi PJ, et al. Time to Laparotomy for Intra-abdominal Bleeding from Trauma Does Affect Survival for Delays Up to 90 Minutes: The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 2002;52:420–5. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005373-200203000-00002.

Smyth L, Bendinelli C, Lee N, et al. WSES guidelines on blunt and penetrating bowel injury: diagnosis, investigations, and treatment. World J Emerg Surg 2022;17:13.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-022-00418-y.

Hefny A, Abu-Zidan F. Sonographic diagnosis of intraperitoneal free air. J Emerg Trauma Shock 2011;4:511. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-2700.86649.

Lawson CM, Daley BJ, Ormsby CB, et al. Missed Injuries in the Era of the Trauma Scan. Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection & Critical Care 2011;70:452–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0b013e3182028d71.

Abdel-Aziz H, Dunham CM. Effectiveness of computed tomography scanning to detect blunt bowel and mesenteric injuries requiring surgical intervention: A systematic literature review. The American Journal of Surgery 2019;218:201–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. amjsurg.2018.08.018.

Englum BR, Gulack BC, Rice HE, et al. Management of blunt pancreatic trauma in children: Review of the

National Trauma Data Bank. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2016;51:1526–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.

2016.05.003.

Houben CH, Ade-Ajayi N, Patel S, et al. Traumatic pancreatic duct injury in children: minimally invasive approach to management. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2007;42:629–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg. 2006.12.025.

Kantharia CV, Prabhu RY, Dalvi AN, et al. Spectrum and outcome of pancreatic trauma. Trop Gastroenterol 2007;28:105–8.

Menahem B, Lim C, Lahat E, et al. Conservative and surgical management of pancreatic trauma in adult patients.

Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2016;5:470–7. https:// doi.org/10.21037/hbsn.2016.07.01.

WSES-AAST Expert Panel, Coccolini F, Kobayashi L, et al. Duodeno-pancreatic and extrahepatic biliary tree trauma: WSES-AAST guidelines. World J Emerg Surg 2019;14:56. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-019-0278-6.