Atriyal Fibrilasyon İlişkili İnme Epidemiyolojisi ve Sol Atriyal Apendiks

Mortality and global health estimates [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jun 25]. Available from: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/mortality-and-global-health-estimates

Lane DA, Skjøth F, Lip GYH, et al. Temporal Trends in Incidence, Prevalence, and Mortality of Atrial Fibrillation in Primary Care. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(5).

Zulkifly H, Lip GYH, Lane DA. Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation. Int J Clin Pract. 2018;72(3).

Rahman F, Kwan GF, Benjamin EJ. Global epidemiology of atrial fibrillation. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2014;11(11):639–54.

Gómez-Doblas JJ, Muñiz J, Martin JJA, et al. Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in Spain. OFRECE study results. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2014;67(4):259–69.

Heeringa J, Van Der Kuip DAM, Hofman A, et al. Prevalence, incidence and lifetime risk of atrial fibrillation: the Rotterdam study. Eur Heart J. 2006;27(8):949–53.

Lippi G, Sanchis-Gomar F, Cervellin G. Global epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: An increasing epidemic and public health challenge. Int J Stroke. 2021;16(2):217–21.

Kammersgaard LP, Olsen TS. Cardiovascular risk factors and 5-year mortality in the Copenhagen Stroke Study. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2006;21(3):187–93.

Marini C, De Santis F, Sacco S, et al. Contribution of atrial fibrillation to incidence and outcome of ischemic stroke: results from a population-based study. Stroke. 2005;36(6):1115–9.

Lubitz SA, Yin X, McManus DD, et al. Stroke as the Initial Manifestation of Atrial Fibrillation: The Framingham Heart Study. Stroke. 2017;48(2):490–2.

Lin HJ, Wolf PA, Kelly-Hayes M, et al. Stroke severity in atrial fibrillation. The Framingham Study. Stroke. 1996;27(10):1760–4.

Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, et al. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(10):883–91.

Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJV, et al. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(11):981–92.

Giugliano RP, Ruff CT, Braunwald E, et al. Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(22):2093–104.

Pistoia F, Sacco S, Tiseo C, et al. The Epidemiology of Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke. Cardiol Clin. 2016;34(2):255–68.

Hart RG, Catanese L, Perera KS, et al. Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source: A Systematic Review and Clinical Update. Stroke. 2017;48(4):867–72.

Ntaios G, Perlepe K, Lambrou D, et al. Prevalence and Overlap of Potential Embolic Sources in Patients with Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8(15).

Favilla CG, Ingala E, Jara J, et al. Predictors of finding occult atrial fibrillation after cryptogenic stroke. Stroke. 2015;46(5):1210–5.

Akar JG, Marieb MA. Atrial Fibrillation and Thrombogenesis: Innocent Bystander or Guilty Accomplice? JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2015;1(3):218–9.

Chen PS, Chen LS, Fishbein MC, et al. Role of the autonomic nervous system in atrial fibrillation: pathophysiology and therapy. Circ Res. 2014;114(9):1500–15.

Xiong L, Leung H, Chen XY, et al. Preliminary findings of the effects of autonomic dysfunction on functional outcome after acute ischemic stroke. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2012;114(4):316–20.

Watson T, Shantsila E, Lip GY. Mechanisms of thrombogenesis in atrial fibrillation: Virchow’s triad revisited. Lancet. 2009;373(9658):155–66.

Masawa N, Yoshida Y, Yamada T, et al. Diagnosis of cardiac thrombosis in patients with atrial fibrillation in the absence of macroscopically visible thrombi. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol. 1993;422(1):67–71.

LI CY, ZHANG JR, HU WN, et al. Atrial fibrosis underlying atrial fibrillation (Review). Int J Mol Med. 2021;47(3).

Akoum N, Fernandez G, Wilson B, et al. Association of atrial fibrosis quantified using LGE-MRI with atrial appendage thrombus and spontaneous contrast on transesophageal echocardiography in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2013;24(10):1104–9.

King JB, Azadani PN, Suksaranjit P, et al. Left Atrial Fibrosis and Risk of Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70(11):1311–21.

Fonseca AC, Alves P, Inácio N, et al. Patients with Undetermined Stroke Have Increased Atrial Fibrosis: A Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Stroke. 2018;49(3):734–7.

Kamel H, Bartz TM, Elkind MSV, et al. Atrial Cardiopathy and the Risk of Ischemic Stroke in the CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study). Stroke. 2018;49(4):980–6.

Kamp O, Verhorst PMJ, Welling RC, et al. Importance of left atrial appendage flow as a predictor of thromboembolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J. 1999;20(13):979–85.

Kumagai T, Matsuura Y, Yamamoto T, et al. Risk factors for left atrial thrombus from transesophageal echocardiography findings in ischemic stroke patients. Fukushima J Med Sci. 2014;60(2):154–8.

Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J. 2021 ;42(5):373–498.

Pollak WM, Simmons JD, Interian A, et al. Clinical utility of intraatrial pacemaker stored electrograms to diagnose atrial fibrillation and flutter. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2001;24(4 Pt 1):424–9.

Sagris D, Georgiopoulos G, Pateras K, et al. Atrial High-Rate Episode Duration Thresholds and Thromboembolic Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10(22).

Lip GYH, NieuwSAAt R, Pisters R, et al. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the euro heart survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest. 2010;137(2):263–72.

Oksuz F, Yarlioglues M, Duran M, et al. Mitral annular calcification and its severity predict high risk for cardio-embolic stroke in elderly patients with first diagnosed atrial fibrillation. Acta Cardiol. 2021;76(1):56–62.

Piccini JP, Caso V, Connolly SJ, et al. Safety of the oral factor XIa inhibitor asundexian compared with apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation (PACIFIC-AF): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, dose-finding phase 2 study. Lancet. 2022;399(10333):1383–90.

Chew DS, Piccini JP. Postprocedural Antithrombotic Therapy Following Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion: No Longer Adrift in Uncertainty? Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2020;13(7).

Freeman JV, Higgins AY, Wang Y, et al. Antithrombotic Therapy After Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;79(18):1785–98.

Kirchhof P, Camm AJ, Goette A, et al. Early Rhythm-Control Therapy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(14):1305–16.

Sagris D, Korompoki E, Ntaios G, et al. Sinus rhythm restoration and improved outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke and in-hospital paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Eur Stroke J. 2022;7(4):421–30.

Kuniss M, Pavlovic N, Velagic V, et al. Cryoballoon ablation vs. antiarrhythmic drugs: first-line therapy for patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Europace. 2021;23(7):1033–41.

Wazni OM, Dandamudi G, Sood N, et al. Cryoballoon Ablation as Initial Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(4):316–24.

Lip GYH, Lane DA, Lenarczyk R, et al. Integrated care for optimizing the management of stroke and associated heart disease: a position paper of the European Society of Cardiology Council on Stroke. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(26):2442–60.

Vigna C, Russo A, De Rito V, et al. Frequency of left atrial thrombi by transesophageal echocardiography in idiopathic and in ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol. 1992;70(18):1500–1.

Scherr D, Dalal D, Chilukuri K, et al. Incidence and Predictors of Left Atrial Thrombus Prior to Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2009;20(4):379–84.

Ernst G, Stöllberger C, Abzieher F, et al. Morphology of the left atrial appendage. Anat Rec. 1995;242(4):553–61.

Christiaens L, Varroud-Vial N, Ardilouze P, et al. Real three-dimensional assessment of left atrial and left atrial appendage volumes by 64-slice spiral computed tomography in individuals with or without cardiovascular disease. Int J Cardiol. 2010;140(2):189–96.

Tabata T, Oki T, Yamada H, et al. Role of left atrial appendage in left atrial reservoir function as evaluated by left atrial appendage clamping during cardiac surgery. Am J Cardiol. 1998;81(3):327–32.