Sol Atrial Apendiks Anatomisi

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Roy Beigel, MD, Nina C. Wunderlich, et al. The Left Atrial Appendage: Anatomy, Function, and Noninvasive Evaluation. JACC Cardiovasuler Imaging. 2014 Dec, 7 (12) 1251–1265. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2014.08.009

Moorman A, Webb S, Brown NA, et al. Development of the heart: (1) formation of the cardiac chambers and arterial trunks. Heart 2003;89:806–14.

Biase LD, Burkhardt JD, Mohanty P, et al. Leftatrial appendage an underrecognized trigger site of atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2010;122:109-18.doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.928903.

De Simone CV, Gaba P, Tri J, et al. A review of the relevant embryology, pathohistology, and anatomy of the left atrial appendage for the invasive cardiac electrophysiologist. Journal of Atrial Fibrillation 2015;8:81–7.

Cabrera JA, Saremi F, Sanchez-Quintana D. Left atrial appendage: anatomy and imaging landmarks pertinent to percutaneous transcatheter occlusion. Heart 2014;100:1636–50.

Ho SY, Cabrera JA, Sanchez-Quintana D. Left atrial anatomy revisited. Circulation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology 2012;5:220–8.

Delgado V, Di Biase L, Leung M, et al. Structure and function of the left atrium and left atrial appendage: AF and stroke implications. Journal of the American Collage of Cardiology 2017;70:3157–72.

Su P, McCarthy KP, Ho SY. Occluding the left atrial appendage: anatomical considerations. Heart 2008;94(9):1166–70.

Wang Y, Di Biase L, Horton RP, et al. Left atrial appendage studied by computed tomography to help planning for appendage closure device placement. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 2010;21:973–82.

Khurram IM, Dewire J, Mager M, et al. Relationship between left atrial appendage morphology and stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2013;10:1843–9.

Lee JM, Shim J, Uhm J-S, et al. Impact of increased orifice size and decreased flow velocity of left atrial appendage on stroke in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. The American Journal of Cardiology 2014;113:963–9.

Don CW, Cook AC, Reisman M. LAA anatomy. Left atrial appendage closure. New York: Humana Press; 2016. p. 45–57.

Veinot JP, Harrity PJ, Gentile F, et al. Anatomy of the normal left atrial appendage: a quantitative study of age-related changes in 500 autopsy hearts: implications for echocardiographic examination. Circulation 1997;96(9):3112–5.

Romero J, Natale A, Di Biase L. Left atrial appendage morphology and physiology: “the missing piece in the puzzle”. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 2015;26:928–33.

Di Biase L, Santangeli P, Anselmino M, et al.Does the left atrial appendage morphology correlate with the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation? Results from a multicenterstudy. Journal of the American Collage of Cardiology 2012;60:531–8. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.04.032.

Wongcharoen W, Tsao HM, Wu MH, et al. Morphologic characteristics of the left atrial appendage, roof, and septum: implications for the ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 2006;17(9):951–6.

Macedo PG, Kapa S, Mears JA, et al. Correlative anatomy for the electrophysiologist: ablation for atrial fibrillation. Part I: pulmonary vein ostia, superior vena cava, vein of Marshall. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 2010;21(6):721–30.

Sanchez-Quintana D, Ho SY, Climent V, et al. Anatomic evaluation of the left phrenic nerve relevant to epicardial and endocardial catheter ablation: implications for phrenic nerve injury. Heart Rhythm 2009;6(6):764–8.

Ante Anic, Darija Bakovic, Zrinka Jurisic et al. Diagnostic and therapeutic pathways for the malignant left atrial appendage: European Heart Rhythm Association physician survey. EP Europace, Volume 25, Issue 7, July 2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euad204

Farkowski MM, Jubele K, Marín F, et al. Diagnosis and management of left atrial appendage thrombus in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing cardioversion or percutaneous left atrial procedures: results of the European Heart Rhythm Association survey. Europace 2020;22:162–9.