Bitkilerde Ağır Metaller ve Fitoremediasyon

Jaishankar, M., Tseten, T., Anbalagan, N., Mathew, B. B., & Beeregowda, K. N. (2014). Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 7(2), 60–72. https://doi.org/10.2478/intox-2014-0009

Tchounwou, P. B., Yedjou, C. G., Patlolla, A. K., & Sutton, D. J. (2012). Heavy metal toxicity and the environment. EXS, 101, 133–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8340-4_6

Renu, S., Chakraborty, S., & Singh, P. (2021). A comprehensive review on heavy metal toxicity and carcinogenicity in environment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 62076–62115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14775-y

World Health Organization (WHO). (2023). Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated environments: Technical report. WHO Regional Office for Europe. https://www.who.int/europe/publications/i/item/WHO-EURO-2023-8983-48755-72523

Nagajyoti, P. C., Lee, K. D., & Sreekanth, T. V. M. (2010). Heavy metals, occurrence and toxicity for plants: A review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 8(3), 199–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-010-0297-8

Yadav, S. K. (2010). Heavy metals toxicity in plants: An overview on the role of glutathione and phytochelatins in heavy metal stress tolerance of plants. South African Journal of Botany, 76(2), 167–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2009.10.007

Sharma, P., & Dubey, R. S. (2005). Lead toxicity in plants. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 17(1), 35–52. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-04202005000100004

DalCorso, G., Farinati, S., & Furini, A. (2010). Regulatory networks of cadmium stress in plants. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 5(6), 663–667. https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.5.6.11566

Pilon-Smits, E. (2005). Phytoremediation. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 56, 15–39. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.56.032604.144214

Ali, H., Khan, E., & Sajad, M. A. (2013). Phytoremediation of heavy metals—Concepts and applications. Chemosphere, 91(7), 869–881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.01.075

Salt, D. E., Smith, R. D., & Raskin, I. (1998). Phytoremediation. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 49, 643–668. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.49.1.643

Gupta, D. K., Chatterjee, S., Datta, S., Veer, V., & Walther, C. (2014). Role of phosphate fertilizers in heavy metal uptake and detoxification of toxic metals. In D. K. Gupta et al. (Eds.), Heavy metal stress in plants (pp. 39–59). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14526-6_3

Tangahu, B. V., Abdullah, S. R. S., Basri, H., Idris, M., Anuar, N., & Mukhlisin, M. (2011). A review on heavy metals (As, Pb, and Hg) uptake by plants through phytoremediation. International Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2011, Article ID 939161. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/939161

Blaylock, M. J., & Huang, J. W. (2000). Phytoextraction of metals. In I. Raskin & B. D. Ensley (Eds.), Phytoremediation of toxic metals: Using plants to clean up the environment (pp. 53–70). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470172797.ch4

Glick, B. R. (2010). Using soil bacteria to facilitate phytoremediation. Biotechnology Advances, 28(3), 367–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.01.002

Rajkumar, M., Ae, N., & Freitas, H. (2009). Endophytic bacteria and their potential to enhance heavy metal phytoextraction. Chemosphere, 77(2), 153–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.06.015

Cobbett, C., & Goldsbrough, P. (2002). Phytochelatins and metallothioneins: Roles in heavy metal detoxification and homeostasis. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 53, 159–182. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.53.100301.135154

Clemens, S. (2006). Toxic metal accumulation, responses to exposure and mechanisms of tolerance in plants. Biochimie, 88(11), 1707–1719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2006.07.003

Gill, S. S., & Tuteja, N. (2010). Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 48(12), 909–930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.08.016

Hall, J. L. (2002). Cellular mechanisms for heavy metal detoxification and tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany, 53(366), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1093/jexbot/53.366.1

Yan A, Wang Y, Tan SN, Mohd Yusof ML, Ghosh S, Chen Z. Phytoremediation: A promising approach for revegetation of heavy metal-polluted land. Front Plant Sci. 2020;11:359.

Mani D, Kumar C. Biotechnological advances in bioremediation of heavy metals contaminated ecosystems: an overview with special reference to phytoremediation. Int J Environ Sci Technol. 2014;11(3):843–872.

Chen YX, Wang YP, Lin Q, Luo YM, He YF, Zhen SJ. Phytoremediation of cadmium, copper, and lead in contaminated soils using Vetiveria zizanioides. Plant Soil. 2004;263(1–2):49–58.

Angelova, V., Ivanova, R., Delibaltova, V., & Ivanov, K. (2004). Bio-accumulation and distribution of heavy metals in fibre crops (flax, cotton and hemp). Industrial Crops and Products, 19(3), 197–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.10.001

Baker, A. J. M., & Brooks, R. R. (1989). Terrestrial higher plants which hyperaccumulate metallic elements—A review of their distribution, ecology and phytochemistry. Biorecovery, 1, 81–126.

Kumar, P. B. A. N., Dushenkov, V., Motto, H., & Raskin, I. (1995). Phytoextraction: The use of plants to remove heavy metals from soils. Environmental Science & Technology, 29(5), 1232–1238. https://doi.org/10.1021/es00005a014

Ma, L. Q., Komar, K. M., Tu, C., Zhang, W., Cai, Y., & Kennelley, E. D. (2001). A fern that hyperaccumulates arsenic. Nature, 409(6820), 579–579. https://doi.org/10.1038/35054664

Salt, D. E., Blaylock, M., Kumar, N. P. B. A., Dushenkov, V., Ensley, B. D., Chet, I., & Raskin, I. (1995). Phytoremediation: A novel strategy for the removal of toxic metals from the environment using plants. Biotechnology, 13(5), 468–474. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0595-468

Van der Ent, A., Baker, A. J. M., Reeves, R. D., Pollard, A. J., & Schat, H. (2013). Hyperaccumulators of metal and metalloid trace elements: Facts and fiction. Plant and Soil, 362(1–2), 319–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1287-3

Yoon, J., Cao, X., Zhou, Q., & Ma, L. Q. (2006). Accumulation of Pb, Cu, and Zn in native plants growing on a contaminated Florida site. Science of the Total Environment, 368(2–3), 456–464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.01.016

Chaney, R. L., Angle, J. S., Broadhurst, C. L., Peters, C. A., Tappero, R. V., & Sparks, D. L. (2007). Improved understanding of hyperaccumulation yields commercial phytoextraction and phytomining technologies. Journal of Environmental Quality, 36(5), 1429–1443. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0514

Ghosh, M., & Singh, S. P. (2005). A review on phytoremediation of heavy metals and utilization of its byproducts. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 3(1), 1–18.

1 (United Nations Environment Programme). (2016). Global Environment Outlook. Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP.

Jaishankar, M., Tseten, T., Anbalagan, N., Mathew, B. B., & Beeregowda, K. N. (2014). Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 7(2), 60–72. https://doi.org/10.2478/intox-2014-0009

Tchounwou, P. B., Yedjou, C. G., Patlolla, A. K., & Sutton, D. J. (2012). Heavy metal toxicity and the environment. EXS, 101, 133–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8340-4_6

Renu, S., Chakraborty, S., & Singh, P. (2021). A comprehensive review on heavy metal toxicity and carcinogenicity in environment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 62076–62115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14775-y

World Health Organization (WHO). (2023). Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated environments: Technical report. WHO Regional Office for Europe. https://www.who.int/europe/publications/i/item/WHO-EURO-2023-8983-48755-72523

Nagajyoti, P. C., Lee, K. D., & Sreekanth, T. V. M. (2010). Heavy metals, occurrence and toxicity for plants: A review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 8(3), 199–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-010-0297-8

Yadav, S. K. (2010). Heavy metals toxicity in plants: An overview on the role of glutathione and phytochelatins in heavy metal stress tolerance of plants. South African Journal of Botany, 76(2), 167–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2009.10.007

Sharma, P., & Dubey, R. S. (2005). Lead toxicity in plants. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 17(1), 35–52. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-04202005000100004

DalCorso, G., Farinati, S., & Furini, A. (2010). Regulatory networks of cadmium stress in plants. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 5(6), 663–667. https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.5.6.11566

Pilon-Smits, E. (2005). Phytoremediation. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 56, 15–39. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.56.032604.144214

Ali, H., Khan, E., & Sajad, M. A. (2013). Phytoremediation of heavy metals—Concepts and applications. Chemosphere, 91(7), 869–881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.01.075

Salt, D. E., Smith, R. D., & Raskin, I. (1998). Phytoremediation. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 49, 643–668. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.49.1.643

Gupta, D. K., Chatterjee, S., Datta, S., Veer, V., & Walther, C. (2014). Role of phosphate fertilizers in heavy metal uptake and detoxification of toxic metals. In D. K. Gupta et al. (Eds.), Heavy metal stress in plants (pp. 39–59). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14526-6_3

Tangahu, B. V., Abdullah, S. R. S., Basri, H., Idris, M., Anuar, N., & Mukhlisin, M. (2011). A review on heavy metals (As, Pb, and Hg) uptake by plants through phytoremediation. International Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2011, Article ID 939161. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/939161

Blaylock, M. J., & Huang, J. W. (2000). Phytoextraction of metals. In I. Raskin & B. D. Ensley (Eds.), Phytoremediation of toxic metals: Using plants to clean up the environment (pp. 53–70). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470172797.ch4

Glick, B. R. (2010). Using soil bacteria to facilitate phytoremediation. Biotechnology Advances, 28(3), 367–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.01.002

Rajkumar, M., Ae, N., & Freitas, H. (2009). Endophytic bacteria and their potential to enhance heavy metal phytoextraction. Chemosphere, 77(2), 153–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.06.015

Cobbett, C., & Goldsbrough, P. (2002). Phytochelatins and metallothioneins: Roles in heavy metal detoxification and homeostasis. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 53, 159–182. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.53.100301.135154

Clemens, S. (2006). Toxic metal accumulation, responses to exposure and mechanisms of tolerance in plants. Biochimie, 88(11), 1707–1719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2006.07.003

Gill, S. S., & Tuteja, N. (2010). Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 48(12), 909–930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.08.016

Hall, J. L. (2002). Cellular mechanisms for heavy metal detoxification and tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany, 53(366), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1093/jexbot/53.366.1

Yan A, Wang Y, Tan SN, Mohd Yusof ML, Ghosh S, Chen Z. Phytoremediation: A promising approach for revegetation of heavy metal-polluted land. Front Plant Sci. 2020;11:359.

Mani D, Kumar C. Biotechnological advances in bioremediation of heavy metals contaminated ecosystems: an overview with special reference to phytoremediation. Int J Environ Sci Technol. 2014;11(3):843–872.

Chen YX, Wang YP, Lin Q, Luo YM, He YF, Zhen SJ. Phytoremediation of cadmium, copper, and lead in contaminated soils using Vetiveria zizanioides. Plant Soil. 2004;263(1–2):49–58.

Angelova, V., Ivanova, R., Delibaltova, V., & Ivanov, K. (2004). Bio-accumulation and distribution of heavy metals in fibre crops (flax, cotton and hemp). Industrial Crops and Products, 19(3), 197–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.10.001

Baker, A. J. M., & Brooks, R. R. (1989). Terrestrial higher plants which hyperaccumulate metallic elements—A review of their distribution, ecology and phytochemistry. Biorecovery, 1, 81–126.

Kumar, P. B. A. N., Dushenkov, V., Motto, H., & Raskin, I. (1995). Phytoextraction: The use of plants to remove heavy metals from soils. Environmental Science & Technology, 29(5), 1232–1238. https://doi.org/10.1021/es00005a014

Ma, L. Q., Komar, K. M., Tu, C., Zhang, W., Cai, Y., & Kennelley, E. D. (2001). A fern that hyperaccumulates arsenic. Nature, 409(6820), 579–579. https://doi.org/10.1038/35054664

Salt, D. E., Blaylock, M., Kumar, N. P. B. A., Dushenkov, V., Ensley, B. D., Chet, I., & Raskin, I. (1995). Phytoremediation: A novel strategy for the removal of toxic metals from the environment using plants. Biotechnology, 13(5), 468–474. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0595-468

Van der Ent, A., Baker, A. J. M., Reeves, R. D., Pollard, A. J., & Schat, H. (2013). Hyperaccumulators of metal and metalloid trace elements: Facts and fiction. Plant and Soil, 362(1–2), 319–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1287-3

Yoon, J., Cao, X., Zhou, Q., & Ma, L. Q. (2006). Accumulation of Pb, Cu, and Zn in native plants growing on a contaminated Florida site. Science of the Total Environment, 368(2–3), 456–464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.01.016

Chaney, R. L., Angle, J. S., Broadhurst, C. L., Peters, C. A., Tappero, R. V., & Sparks, D. L. (2007). Improved understanding of hyperaccumulation yields commercial phytoextraction and phytomining technologies. Journal of Environmental Quality, 36(5), 1429–1443. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0514

Ghosh, M., & Singh, S. P. (2005). A review on phytoremediation of heavy metals and utilization of its byproducts. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 3(1), 1–18.

1 (United Nations Environment Programme). (2016). Global Environment Outlook. Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP.