Probiyotiklerin ve Diğer Gıda Sınıfı Bakterilerin Püskürtmeli Kurutma Yöntemi ile Mikrokapsülasyonu

Özet

Referanslar

FAO/WHO 2001. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation. Health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with live lactic acid bacteria. Córdoba, Argentina.

Hill C, Guarner F, Reid G, Gibson GR, Merenstein DJ, Pot B, Morelli L, Canani RB, Flint HJ, Salminen S, Calder PC, Sanders ME. Expert consensus document: the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2014; 11, 506–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2014.66.

Broeckx G, Vandenheuvel D, Claes IJJ, Lebeer S, Kiekens F. Drying techniques of probiotic bacteria as an important step towards the development of novel pharmabiotics. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2016; 505, 303–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.04.002

Gutiérrez Álzate K, Beltrán Cotta LA, Rekowsky BS dos S, Cavalheiro CP, da Costa MP. Micro- and nanoencapsulation of probiotics: Exploring their impact on animal-origin foods. ACS Food Science & Technology. 2024; 4, 2799–2812. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsfoodscitech.4c00776?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as

Moretti AF, Brizuela NS, Bravo Ferrada BM, Tymczyszyn EE, Golowczyc MA. Current applications and future trends of dehydrated lactic acid bacteria for incorporation in animal feed products. Fermentation. 2023; 9(8), 742. doi:10.3390/fermentation9080742

Huang S, Vignolles ML, Chen XD, Le Loir Y, Jan G, Schuck P, Jeantet R. Spray drying of probiotics and other food-grade bacteria: A review. Trends in food science & technology. 2017; 63, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2017.02.007

Fu N, Huang S, Xiao J, Chen XD. Producing powders containing active dry probiotics with the aid of spray drying. Advances in food and nutrition research. 2018; 85: 211-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.afnr.2018.02.003

Merrifield DL, Bradley G, Harpe G M, Baker RTM, Munn CB, Davies SJ. Assessment of the effects of vegetative and lyophilized Pediococcus acidilactici on growth, feed utilization, intestinal colonization and health parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). Aquaculture Nutrition. 2011; 17 (1): 73-79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00712.x

Falaye A, Emikpe B, Ogundipe E. Influence of Lactobacillus plantarum supplemented diet on growth response, gut morphometry and microbial profile in gut of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. J. Coastal Life Med. 2016; 4 (8): 597-602. doi: 10.12980/jclm.4.2016J6-104

Xie F, Zhang F, Zhou K, Zhao Y, Zhao Q, Sun H. Isolation, Identification and Fermentation Optimization of Lactic Acid Bacteria for Aquaculture Water Purification. Acta Microbiol. Sin. 2017; 57: 304–314. https://europepmc.org/article/med/29750493

Ringø E, Hoseinifar SH, Ghosh K, van Doan H, Beck BR, Song SK. Lactic Acid Bacteria in Finfish-An Update. Front. Microbiol. 2018; 9: 1818. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01818

Szajewska H, Hojsak I Health benefits of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis BB-12 in children. Postgraduate medicine. 2020; 132(5): 441-451. https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.2020.1731214

Tsai YT, Cheng PC, Pan TM. The immunomodulatory effects of lactic acid bacteria for improving immune functions and benefits. Applied microbiology and biotechnology. 2012; 96(4): 853-862. doi: 10.1007/s00253-012-4407-3

Wang A, Zhong Q. Drying of probiotics to enhance the viability during preparation, storage, food application, and digestion: A review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 2024; 23(1): e13287. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.13287

Vieco Saiz, N, Belguesmia Y, Raspoet R, Auclair E, Gancel F, Kempf I, Drider D. Benefits and Inputs from Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Bacteriocins as Alternatives to Antibiotic Growth Promoters during Food Animal Production. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2019; 10: 422285. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00573

Yang S, Xu X, Peng Q, Ma L, Qiao Y, Shi B. Exopolysaccharides from Lactic Acid Bacteria, as an Alternative to Antibiotics, on Regulation of Intestinal Health and the Immune System. Animal Nutrition. 2023; 13: 78–89. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.12.004

Werning ML, Hernández Alcántara AM, Ruiz MJ, Soto LP, Dueñas MT, López P, Frizzo LS. Biological Functions of Exopolysaccharides from Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Potential Benefits for Humans and Farmed Animals. Foods. 2022; 11: 1284. doi: 10.3390/foods11091284

Kober AH, Riaz Rajoka MS, Mehwish HM, Villena J, Kitazawa H. Immunomodulation potential of probiotics: a novel strategy for improving livestock health, immunity, and productivity. Microorganisms. 2022;10(2): 388. doi:10.3390/microorganisms10020388

Belzer C, de Vos WM. Microbes inside—from diversity to function: the case of Akkermansia. ISME Journal. 2012; 6(8): 1449–1458.

Derrien M, Belzer C, de Vos WM Akkermansia muciniphila and its role in regulating host functions. Microbial Pathogenesis. 2017; 106: 171–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2016.02.005

Everard A, Belzer C, Geurts L. et al. Cross-talk between Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences. 2013; 110(22): 9066-9071. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1219451110

Zhao S, Liu W, Wang J et al. Akkermansia muciniphila improves metabolic profiles by reducing inflammation in chow diet-fed mice. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology. 2017; 58(1): 1–14. doi: 10.1530/JME-16-005

Kang CS, Ban M, Choi EJ et al. Extracellular vesicles derived from gut microbiota, especially Akkermansia muciniphila, protect the progression of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. PLoS ONE. 2013; 8(10): e76520. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076520

Ottman N, Reunanen J, Meijerink M etal. Pili-like proteins of Akkermansia muciniphila modulate host immune responses and gut barrier function. PLoS ONE. 2017; 12(3): e0173004.

Plovier H, Everard A, Druart C et al. A purified membrane protein from Akkermansia muciniphila or the pasteurized bacterium improves metabolism in obese and diabetic mice. Nature Medicine. 2017; 23(1): 107–113.

Salminen S, Collado MC, Endo A, Hill C, Lebeer S, Quigley EM M., … Vinderola G. The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2021; 18: 649–667. doi: 10.1038/s41575-021-00440-6

Wegh CAM, Geerlings SY, Knol J, Roeselers G, Belzer C. Postbiotics and their potential applications in early life nutrition and beyond. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(19): 4673. doi:10.3390/ijms20194673

Choudhury N, Meghwal M, Das K. Microencapsulation: An overview on concepts, methods, properties and applications in foods. Food Frontiers. 2021; 2: 426–442. https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.94

Lobel BT, Baiocco D, Al Sharabi M, Routh AF, Zhang Z, Cayre OJ. Current challenges in microcapsule designs and microencapsulation processes: A review. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 2024; 16. 40326–40355.

Zhao Y, Liu X, Ding Y, Zhou C. Microencapsulation of vitamin E by spray drying: Characterization, oxidative stability, and release properties. Food Chemistry. 2022; 371: 131152. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131152

Özyurt G, Durmuş M, Özkütük AS, Uçar Y. Microencapsulation of fish oil with olive leaf extract instead of synthetic antioxidant and its effects on nutraceutical properties of fish oil at different inlet temperatures. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 2024; 14(9): 10517-10532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03231-4.

Krasaekoopt W, Bhandari B, Deeth H. The influence of coating materials on some properties of alginate beads and survivability of microencapsulated probiotic bacteria. International Dairy Journal. 2004; 14(8): 737–743. doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2004.01.004

Chávarri M, Marañón I, Ares R, Ibáñez FC, Marzo F, Villarán MDC. Microencapsulation of a probiotic and prebiotic in alginate–chitosan capsules improves survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2010; 142(1–2): 185–189. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.06.022

Huq T, Khan A, Khan RA, Riedl B, Fraschini C. Encapsulation of probiotic bacteria with alginate–starch and evaluation of survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Journal of Food Engineering. 2013; 117(2):247–253. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.03.012

Barbosa J, Borges S, Amorim M, Pereira MJ, Oliveira A, Pintado ME, Teixeira P. Comparison of Spray Drying, Freeze Drying and Convective Hot Air Drying for the Production of a Probiotic Orange Powder. J. Funct. Foods. 2015; 17: 340–351. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.001.

Bauer SA W, Kulozik U, Foerst P. Drying Kinetics and Survival of Bacteria Suspensions of L. paracasei F19 in Low-Temperature Vacuum Drying. Dry. Technol. 2013; 31: 1497–1503. doi: 10.1080/07373937.2013.809733.

Aschenbrenner M, Foerst P, Kulozik U. Freeze-drying of Probiotics. In Advances in Probiotic Technology; Petra G, Chalat S Eds.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, 2015; pp 204–233. doi:10.1201/b18807-15.

Schuck P, Dolivet A, Mejean S, Herve C, Jeantet R. Spray Drying of Dairy Bacteria: New Opportunities to Improve the Viability of Bacteria Powders. Int. Dairy J. 2013; 31: 12–17. doi: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2012.01.006.

Carvalho AS, Silva J, Ho P, Teixeira P, Malcata FX, Gibbs P. Relevant Factors for the Preparation of Freeze-Dried Lactic Acid Bacteria. Int. Dairy J. 2004; 14: 835–847. doi: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2004.02.001.

Vorlander K, Kampen I, Finke JH, Kwade A. Along the Process Chain to Probiotic Tablets:Evaluation of Mechanical Impacts on Microbial Viability. Pharmaceutics. 2020; 12: 66. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010066.

Verlhac P, Vessot-Crastes S, Degobert G, Cogne C, Andrieu J, Beney L, Gervais P, Moundanga S. Experimental Study and Optimization of Freeze-Drying Cycles of a Model Casei Type Probiotic Bacteria. Dry. Technol. 2020; 38: 2120–2133. doi:10.1080/07373937.2019.1683859.

Moayyedi M, Hadi M, Hossein A, Rad E, Ziaee E, Hossein M, Khodaparast H, Golmakani M. Effect of Drying Methods (Electrospraying, Freeze Drying and Spray Drying) on Survival and Viability of Microencapsulated Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469. J. Funct. Foods. 2018; 40: 391–399. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.11.016.

Rajam R, Anandharamakrishnan C. Spray Freeze Drying Method for Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus plantarum. J. Food Eng. 2015; 166: 95–103. doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.05.029.

Izquierdo-Lopez D, Goulet J, Ratti C. Foam-Mat Freeze-Drying of Bifidobacterium longum RO175: Viability and Refrigerated Storage Stability. J. Food Sci. 2017; 82: 90–96. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.13571.

Stummer S, Toegel S, Rabenreither MC, Unger FM, Wirth M, Viernstein H, Salar-Behzadi S. Fluidized-Bed Drying as a Feasible Method for Dehydration of Enterococcus Faecium M74. J. Food Eng. 2012; 111: 156–165. doiI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.01.005.

Alves NN, de Oliveira Sancho S, da Silva ARA, Desobry S, da Costa JMC, Rodrigues S. Spouted Bed as an Efficient Processing for Probiotic Orange Juice Drying. Food Res. Int. 2017; 101: 54–60. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2017.08.052.

Krasaekoopt W, Bhandari B, Deeth H. Evaluation of encapsulation techniques of probiotics for yoghurt. International Dairy Journal. 2003; 13. 3–13.

Heidebach T, Först P, Kulozik U. Microencapsulation of probiotic cells for food applications. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2012, 52: 291–311.

Kailasapathy K. Microencapsulation of probiotic bacteria: Technology and potential applications. Current Issues in Intestinal Microbiology. 2002; 3: 39–48.

Madene A, Jacquot M, Scher J, Desobry S. Flavour encapsulation and controlled release–a review. International journal of food science and technology. 2006; 41(1): 1-21.

Gharsallaoui A, Roudaut G, Chambin O, Voilley A, Saurel R. Applications of spray-drying in microencapsulation of food ingredients: An overview. Food research international. 2007; 40(9): 1107-1121.

Ribeiro MCE, Chaves KS, Gebara C, Infante FN, Grosso CR, Gigante ML. Effect of microencapsulation of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 on physicochemical, sensory and microbiological characteristics of stirred probiotic yoghurt. Food Research International. 2014; 66. 424-431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2014.10.019

Da Silva TM, Pinto VS, Soares VRF, Marotz D, Cichoski AJ, Zepka LQ., ... de Menezes CR. Viability of microencapsulated Lactobacillus acidophilus by complex coacervation associated with enzymatic crosslinking under application in different fruit juices. Food Research International. 2021; 141: 110190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110190

Qi X, Lan Y, Ohm JB, Chen B, Rao J. The viability of complex coacervate encapsulated probiotics during simulated sequential gastrointestinal digestion affected by wall materials and drying methods. Food & Function. 2021; 12(19): 8907-8919.

Skrlec K, Zupan ci CS, Prpar Mihevc S, Kocbek P, Kristl J, Berlec A. Development of Electrospun Nanofibers that Enable High Loading and Longterm Viability of Probiotics. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2019; 136: 108–119. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.01.013.

Agarwal S, Wendorff JH, Greiner A. Use of electrospinning technique for biomedical applications. Polymer. 2008; 49: 5603–5621.

López-Rubio A, Sanchez E, Wilkanowicz S, Sanz Y, Lagaron JM. Electrospinning as a useful technique for the encapsulation of living Bifidobacteria in food hydrocolloids. Food Hydrocolloids. 2012; 28: 159–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2011.12.008

Santivarangkna C, Kulozik U, Foerst P. Inactivation mechanisms of lactic acid starter cultures preserved by drying processes. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2008; 105(1): 1e13

Papadimitriou K, Alegría Á, Bron PA, De Angelis M, Gobbetti M, Kleerebezem M, ... Kok J. Stress physiology of lactic acid bacteria. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 2016, 80(3): 837-890. doi:10.1128/MMBR.00076-15

Leverrier P, Vissers JPC, Rouault A, Boyaval P, Jan GMass spectrometry proteomic analysis of stress adaptation reveals both common and distinct response pathways in Propionibacterium freudenreichii. Archives of Microbiology. 2004; 181(3). 215e230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-003-0646-0.

Thierry A, Deutsch SM, Falentin H, Dalmasso M, Cousin FJ, Jan GNew insights into physiology and metabolism of Propionibacterium freudenreichii. International journal of food microbiology. 2011; 149(1): 19-27.

Huang S, Cauty C, Dolivet A, Le Loir Y, Chen XD, Schuck P.,…Jeantet R. Double use of highly concentrated sweet whey to improve the biomass production and viability of spray-dried probiotic bacteria. Journal of Functional Foods. 2016a; 23: 453e463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.050.

Kumar P, Mishra HN. Yoghurt powder-a review of process technology, storage and utilization. Food and Bioproducts Processing. 2004; 82(2): 133e142. https://doi.org/10.1205/0960308041614918.

Wang YC, Yu RC, Chou CC. Viability of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria in fermented soymilk after drying, subsequent rehydration and storage. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2004; 93(2): 209e217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.12.001

Foerst P, Kulozik U, Schmitt M, Bauer S, Santivarangkna C. Storage stability of vacuum-dried probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus paracasei F19. Food and Bioproducts Processing. 2012; 90(2): 295e300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2011.06.004.

Mille Y, Beney L, Gervais P. Compared tolerance to osmotic stress in various microorganisms: Towards a survival prediction test. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 2005; 92(4): 479e484.

Lian WC, Hsiao HC, Chou CC. Survival of bifidobacteria after spraydrying. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2002; 74(1e2): 79e86. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(01)00733-4.

Desmond C, Stanton C, Fitzgerald GF, Collins K, Ross RP. Environmental adaptation of probiotic lactobacilli towards improvement of performance during spray drying. International Dairy Journal. 2001; 11(10): 801e808.

Zhang Y, Lin J, Zhong Q. Effects of media, heat adaptation, and outlet temperature on the survival of Lactobacillus salivarius NRRL B-30514 after spray drying and subsequent storage. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 2016; 74: 441e447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2016.08.008

Huang S, Rabah H, Jardin J, Briard-Bion V, Parayre S, Maillard MB,…Jan G. Hyperconcentrated sweet whey: A new culture medium that enhances Propionibacterium freudenreichii stress tolerance. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2016 b; 82(15): 4641e4651. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00748-16.

Corcoran BM, Ross RP, Fitzgerald GF, Dockery P, Stanton C. Enhanced survival of GroESL-overproducing Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 under stressful conditions induced by drying. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2006: 72(7); 5104e5107. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02626-05.

Desmond C, Fitzgerald GF, Stanton C, Ross RP. Improved stress tolerance of GroESL-overproducing Lactococcus lactis and probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2004; 70(10): 5929e5936. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.10.5929-5936.2004.

Sheehan VM, Sleator RD, Fitzgerald GF, Hill C. Heterologous expression of BetL, a betaine uptake system, enhances the stress tolerance of Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2006; 72(3): 2170e2177

De Angelis M, Calasso M, Cavallo N, Di Cagno R, Gobbetti M. Functional proteomics within the genus Lactobacillus. Proteomics. 2016; 16(6): 946e962. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmic.201500117.

Lebeer S, Vanderleyden J, De Keersmaecker SCJ. Genes and molecules of lactobacilli supporting probiotic action. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 2008; 72(4): 728e764. https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.00017-08.

Kets EPW, Teunissen PJM, Debont JAM. Effect of compatible solutes on survival of lactic acid bacteria subjected to drying. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 1996; 62(1): 259e261.

Linders LJM, Meerdink G, Van’t Riet K. Effect of growth parameters on the residual activity of Lactobacillus plantarum after drying. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 1997; 82(6): 683e688.

Silva J, Carvalho AS, Ferreira R, Vitorino R, Amado F, Domingues P.,…Gibbs PA. Effect of the pH of growth on the survival of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus to stress conditions during spray drying. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2005; 98(3): 775e782.

Wood JM. Bacterial osmoregulation: A paradigm for the study of cellular homeostasis. Annual Review of Microbiology. 2011; 65(1): 215e238. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-090110-102815.

Peighambardoust SH, Golshan Tafti A, Hesari J. Application of spray drying for preservation of lactic acid starter cultures: A review. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2011; 22(5): 215e224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2011.01.009.

Alcantara C, Revilla-Guarinos A, Zuniga M. Influence of two-component signal transduction systems of Lactobacillus casei BL23 on tolerance to stress conditions. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2011; 77(4): 1516e1519. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02176-10.

Hussain M, Knight M, Britz M. Proteomic analysis of lactosestarved Lactobacillus casei during stationary growth phase. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2009; 106(3): 764e773. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-672.2008.03961.x.

Corcoran BM, Ross RP, Fitzgerald GF. Stanton C. Survival of probiotic lactobacilli in acidic environments is enhanced in the presence of metabolizable sugars. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2004; 70: 3060–3067. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.6.3060-3067.2005

Schuck P, Jeantet R, Bhandari B, Chen XD, Perrone IT, de Carvalho AF ... Kelly P. Recent advances in spray drying relevant to the dairy industry: A comprehensive critical review. Drying Technology. 2016; 34(15): 1773-1790. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2016.1233114

Abe F, Miyauchi H, Uchijima A, Yaeshima T, Iwatsuki K.. Effects of storage temperature and water activity on the survival of bifidobacteria in powder form. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 2009; 62(2): 234e239.

Perdana J, Bereschenko L, Fox MB, Kuperus JH, Kleerebezem M, Boom RM, et al. Dehydration and thermal inactivation of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1: Comparing single droplet drying to spray and freeze drying. Food Research International. 2013; 54(2): 1351e1359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2013.09.043.

Fu WY, Suen SY, Etzel MR. Inactivation of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis C2 and alkaline phosphatase during spray drying. Drying Technology. 1995; 13(5e7): 1463e1476. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373939508917033.

Riveros B, Ferrer J, Borquez R. Spray drying of a vaginal probiotic strain of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Drying Technology. 2009; 27(1): 123e132. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373930802566002.

Crowe JH, Crowe LM, Chapman D. Preservation of membranes in anhydrobiotic organisms: The role of trehalose. Science. 1984; 223(4637): 701e703.https://doi.org/10.1126/science.223.4637.701.

Morgan CA, Herman N, White PA, Vesey G. Preservation of microorganisms by drying: A review. Journal of Microbiological Methods. 2006; 66(2):183e193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2006.02.017.

Huang S, Yang Y, Fu N, Qin Q, Zhang L, Chen XD. Calcium-aggregated milk: A potential new option for improving the viability of lactic acid bacteria under heat stress. Food and Bioprocess Technology. 2014; 7(11): 3147e3155.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-014-1331-9.

Wang J, Huang S, Fu N, Jeantet R, Chen XD. Thermal aggregation of calcium-fortified skim milk enhances probiotic protection during convective droplet drying. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2016; 64(30): 6003-6010 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02205.

Rajam R, Anandharamakrishnan C. Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus plantarum (MTCC 5422) with fructooligosaccharide as wall material by spray drying. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 2015; 60(2, Part 1): 773e780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2014.09.062.

Bielecka MA, Majkowska A. Effect of spray drying temperature of yoghurt on the survival of starter cultures, moisture content and sensoric properties of yoghurt powder. Food/nahrung. 2000; 44(4): 257-260.

Corcoran BM, Ross RP, Fitzgerald GF, Stanton C. Comparative survival of probiotic lactobacilli spray-dried in the presence of prebiotic substances. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2004; 96(5): 1024e1039. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02219.x

Simpson PJ, Stanton C, Fitzgerald GF, Ross RP. Intrinsic tolerance of Bifidobacterium species to heat and oxygen and survival following spray drying and storage. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2005; 99(3): 493e501. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02648.x

Sunny-Roberts EO, Knorr D. The protective effect of monosodium glutamate on survival of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus rhamnosus E-97800 (E800) strains during spray-drying and storage in trehalose containing powders. International Dairy Journal. 2009; 19(4): 209e214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2008.10.008

Perez-Chabela, ML, Lara-Labastida R, Rodriguez-Huezo E, Totosaus A. Effect of spray drying encapsulation of thermotolerant lactic acid bacteria on meat batters properties. Food and Bioprocess Technology. 2013; 6(6): 1505e1515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-012-0865-y.

Schuck P, Jeantet R, Tanguy G, Mejean S, Gac A, Lefebvre T.,…Martineau M. Energy consumption in the processing of dairy and feed powders by evaporation and drying. Drying Technology. 2015; 33: 176e184. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2014.942913

Dijkstra AR, Setyawati MC, Bayjanov JR, Alkema W, Van Hijum SAFT, Bron PA, et al. Diversity in robustness of Lactococcus lactis strains during heat stress, oxidative stress, and spray drying stress. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2014; 80(2): 603e611. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03434-13.

Maciel GM, Chaves KS, Grosso CRF, Gigante ML. Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 by spray-drying using sweet whey and skim milk as encapsulating materials. Journal of Dairy Science. 2014; 97(4). 1991e1998. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-7463.

Perdana J, Fox MB, Siwei C, Boom RM, Schutyser MAI. Interactions between formulation and spray drying conditions related to survival of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1. Food Research International. 2014; 56: 9e17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2013.12.007.

Eratte D, McKnight S, Gengenbach TR, Dowling K, Barrow CJ, Adhikari BP. Co-encapsulation and characterisation of omega-3 fatty acids and probiotic bacteria in whey protein isolate–gum Arabic complex coacervates. Journal of functional foods. 2015; 19: 882-892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2015.01.037

Iaconelli C, Lemetais G, Kechaou N, Chain F, Bermúdez-Humaran LG, Langella, P.,…Beney L. Drying process strongly affects probiotics viability and functionalities. Journal of Biotechnology. 2015; 214. 17e26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.08.022

Liu H, Gong J, Chabot D, Miller SS, Cui SW, Ma J.,…Wang Q. Protection of heat-sensitive probiotic bacteria during spray-drying by sodium caseinate stabilized fat particles. Food Hydrocolloids. 2015; 51: 459e467 https://doi. org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.05.015

Ranadheera CS, Evans CA, Adams MC, Baines SK. Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB- 12 and Propionibacterium jensenii 702 by spray drying in goat's milk. Small Ruminant Research. 2015; 123(1). 155e159. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014. 10.012.

Khem S, Bansal V, Small DM, May BK. Comparative influence of pH and heat on whey protein isolate in protecting Lactobacillus plantarum A17 during spray drying. Food Hydrocolloids. 2016; 54(Part A): 162e169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.09.029

Bustamante M, Oomah BD, Rubila M, Shene C. Effective Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium infantis encapsulation with chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) and flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) mucilage and soluble protein by spray drying. Food Chemistry. 2017; 216: 97e105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.019.

Guerin J, Petit J, Burgain J, Borges F, Bhandari B, Perroud C.,…Gaiani C. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG encapsulation by spray-drying: Milk proteins clotting control to produce innovative matrices. Journal of Food Engineering 2017; 193. 10e19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.08.008.

Huang S, Mejean S, Rabah H, Dolivet A, Le Loir Y, Chen XD.,…Schuck P. Double use of concentrated sweet whey for growth and spray drying of probiotics: Towards maximal viability in pilot scale spray dryer. Journal of Food Engineering. 2017; 196. 11e17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.10.017.

Souza M, Mesquita A, Veríssimo C, Grosso C, Converti A, Maciel MI. Microencapsulation by spray drying of a functional product with mixed juice of acerola and ciriguela fruits containing three probiotic lactobacilli. Drying Technology. 2022; 40(6): 1185-1195. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2020.1862182

Li H, Peng F, Lin JX, Xiong T, Huang T. Preparation of probiotic microcapsules using gelatin-xylooligosaccharides conjugates by spray drying: Physicochemical properties, survival, digestion resistance and colonization. Food Bioscience. 2023; 52: 102462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102462

Bhat SA, Srivastava T, Saxena DC, Jan K, Bashir K. Development and characterization of non-dairy probiotic chickpea (Sattu) powder by spray drying: an alternative for lactose intolerance and casein allergy. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization. 2025; 19(6). 4048-4061. doi:10.1007/s11694-025-03233-6

Conrad PB, Miller DP, Cielenski PR, de Pablo JJ. Stabilization and preservation of Lactobacillus acidophilus in saccharide matrices. Cryobiology. 2000; 41(1). 17e24. https://doi.org/10.1006/cryo.2000.2260.

Barbosa J, Teixeira P. Development of probiotic fruit juice powders by spray-drying: A review. Food Reviews International. 2016; 33(4): 335–358. https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2016.1175016

Sosa N, Gerbino E, Golowczyc MA, Schebor C, Gómez-Zavaglia A. Tymczyszyn EE. Effect of galacto-oligosaccharides: maltodextrin matrices on the recovery of Lactobacillus plantarum after spray-drying. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2016; 7: 584. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00584

Sompach G, Rodklongtan A, Nitisinprasert S, Chitprasert P. Microencapsulating role of whey protein isolate and sucrose in protecting the cell membrane and enhancing survival of probiotic lactobacilli strains during spray drying, storage, and simulated gastrointestinal passage. Food Research International. 2022; 159: 111651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111651

Le NTM, Van Hieu N. Use of whey protein for encapsulation and controlled release of probiotic from protein microencapsule in ex vivo porcine gastrointestinal contents. Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology. 2018; 56(2): 208. https://doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/56/2/9850

Zheng X, Fu N, Huang S, Jeantet R, Chen XD. Exploring the protective effects of calcium-containing carrier against drying-induced cellular injuries of probiotics using single droplet drying technique. Food Research International. 2016; 90: 226-234; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2016.10.034

Páez R, Lavari L, Audero G, Cuatrin A, Zaritzky N, Reinheimer J, et al. Study of the effects of spray-drying on the functionality of probiotic lactobacilli. International Journal of Dairy Technology. 2013; 66(2): 155e161. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0307.12038.

Gebare C, Chaves KS, Ribeiro MCE, Souza FN, Grosso CRF, Gigante Mirna L. Viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 in pectin–whey protein microparticles during exposure to simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Food Research International. 2013; 51: 872–878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2013.02.008

Pinto SS, Verruck S, Vieira CR, Prudêncio ES, Amante ER, Amboni RD. Influence of microencapsulation with sweet whey and prebiotics on the survival of Bifidobacterium-BB-12 under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and heat treatments. LWT-food Science and Technology. 2015; 64(2): 1004-1009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2015.07.020

Bustamante M, Villarroel M, Rubilar M, Shene C. Lactobacillus acidophilus La-05 encapsulated by spray drying: Effect of mucilage and protein from flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.). LWT - Food Science and Technology. 2015; 62(2): 1162e1168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2015.02.017.

Passot S, Cenard S, Douania I, Trelea IC, Fonseca F. Critical water activity and amorphous state for optimal preservation of lyophilised lactic acid bacteria. Food Chemistry. 2012; 132(4): 1699e1705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.06.012.

Buitink J, van den Dries IJ, Hoekstra FA, Alberda M, Hemminga MA. High critical temperature above Tg may contribute to the stability of biological systems. Biophysical Journal. 2000; 79(2): 1119-1128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(00)76365-X

Özyurt G.. Prebiyotik bazlı biyopolimerle enkapsüle edilen laktik asit bakteri ve serbest hücre ekstraklarının karakterizasyonu: Gökkuşağı alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus mykiss) yem katkısı olarak kullanılabilirliği. TÜBİTAK 1001 (223O557), 2024-devam ediyor.

Vesterlund S, Salminen K, Salminen S. Water activity in dry foods containing live probiotic bacteria should be carefully considered: A case study with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in flaxseed. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2012; 157(2): 319e321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.05.016.

Teixeira PC, Castro MH, Kirby RM. Evidence of membrane lipid oxidation of spray-dried Lactobacillus bulgaricus during storage. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 1996; 22(1): 34e38.

Sakarya Y. Farklı Sıcaklıklarda α-Tokoferol İlavesi ile Mikroenkapsüle Edilen Streptococcus thermophilus’ un Karakterizasyonu. Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Su ürünleri Avlama ve İşleme Teknolojisi Anabilim Dalı, YL Tezi, 73 s, 2024, Adana.

Desmond C, Ross RP, O'Callaghan E, Fitzgerald G, Stanton C. Improved survival of Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 in spray-dried powders containing gum acacia. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2002; 93(6): 1003e1011.

Rajam R, Karthik P, Parthasarathi S, Joseph GS, Anandharamakrishnan C. Effect of whey proteine alginate wall systems on survival of microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Journal of Functional Foods. 2012; 4(4): 891e898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2012.06.006.

Würth R, Hormannsperger G, Wilke J, Foerst P, Haller D, Kulozik U. Protective effect of milk protein based microencapsulation on bacterial survival in simulated gastric juice versus the murine gastrointestinal system. Journal of Functional Foods. 2015; 15: 116e125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2015.02.046.

Golowczyc MA, Silva J, Teixeira P, De Antoni GL, Abraham AG. Cellular injuries of spray-dried Lactobacillus spp. isolated from kefir and their impact on probiotic properties. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2011; 144(3): 556e560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.11.005.

Mille Y, Obert JP, Beney L, Gervais P. New drying process for lactic bacteria based on their dehydration behavior in liquid medium. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 2004; 88(1): 71e76.

Malmo C, Storia AL, Mauriello G. Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 cells coated in alginate beads with chitosan by spray drying to use as a probiotic cell in a chocolate Souffle. Food and Bioprocess Technology. 2013; 6(3): 795e805. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-011-0755-8.

Zhang Z, Luan C, Zhang H, Zhang L, Hao Y. Effects of spray drying on Lactobacillus plantarm BM-1 viability, resistance to simulated gastrointestinal digestion and storage stability. Drying Technology. 2015; 34(2): 177e184. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2015.1021009.

Dimitrellou D, Kandylis P, Petrovic T, Dimitrijevic-Brankovic S, Levic S, Nedovic V, et al. Survival of spray dried microencapsulated Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 in simulated gastrointestinal conditions and fermented milk. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 2016; 71: 169e174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2016.03.007.

Wu VCH. A review of microbial injury and recovery methods in food. Food Microbiology. 2008; 25(6): 735e744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2008.04.011.

FAO/WHO 2001. Evaluation of health and nutritional properties of powder milk and live lactic acid bacteria. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization Expert Consultation Report http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/fs_management/en/probiotics.pdf.

Yilmaz Y. Postbiotics as Antiinflammatory and Immune‐Modulating Bioactive Compounds in Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2024; 68(23): 2400754. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.202400754

Zhu Y, Xiao M, Kang T, He Y, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Xiao X. The Role of Inactivation Methods in Shaping Postbiotic Composition and Modulating Bioactivity: A Review. Foods. 2025; 14(13): 2358. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14132358

Zhou L, Chen H, He J, Ma H, Wang P, Wu X, ... Wang R. The effect of heat-inactivated BBMN68 on immune regulation and gut microbiota in immunosuppressed mice and exploration of its immunomodulation postbiotic functional components. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2025; 143758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143758

Referanslar

FAO/WHO 2001. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation. Health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with live lactic acid bacteria. Córdoba, Argentina.

Hill C, Guarner F, Reid G, Gibson GR, Merenstein DJ, Pot B, Morelli L, Canani RB, Flint HJ, Salminen S, Calder PC, Sanders ME. Expert consensus document: the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2014; 11, 506–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2014.66.

Broeckx G, Vandenheuvel D, Claes IJJ, Lebeer S, Kiekens F. Drying techniques of probiotic bacteria as an important step towards the development of novel pharmabiotics. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2016; 505, 303–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.04.002

Gutiérrez Álzate K, Beltrán Cotta LA, Rekowsky BS dos S, Cavalheiro CP, da Costa MP. Micro- and nanoencapsulation of probiotics: Exploring their impact on animal-origin foods. ACS Food Science & Technology. 2024; 4, 2799–2812. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsfoodscitech.4c00776?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=VoR&rel=cite-as

Moretti AF, Brizuela NS, Bravo Ferrada BM, Tymczyszyn EE, Golowczyc MA. Current applications and future trends of dehydrated lactic acid bacteria for incorporation in animal feed products. Fermentation. 2023; 9(8), 742. doi:10.3390/fermentation9080742

Huang S, Vignolles ML, Chen XD, Le Loir Y, Jan G, Schuck P, Jeantet R. Spray drying of probiotics and other food-grade bacteria: A review. Trends in food science & technology. 2017; 63, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2017.02.007

Fu N, Huang S, Xiao J, Chen XD. Producing powders containing active dry probiotics with the aid of spray drying. Advances in food and nutrition research. 2018; 85: 211-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.afnr.2018.02.003

Merrifield DL, Bradley G, Harpe G M, Baker RTM, Munn CB, Davies SJ. Assessment of the effects of vegetative and lyophilized Pediococcus acidilactici on growth, feed utilization, intestinal colonization and health parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). Aquaculture Nutrition. 2011; 17 (1): 73-79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00712.x

Falaye A, Emikpe B, Ogundipe E. Influence of Lactobacillus plantarum supplemented diet on growth response, gut morphometry and microbial profile in gut of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. J. Coastal Life Med. 2016; 4 (8): 597-602. doi: 10.12980/jclm.4.2016J6-104

Xie F, Zhang F, Zhou K, Zhao Y, Zhao Q, Sun H. Isolation, Identification and Fermentation Optimization of Lactic Acid Bacteria for Aquaculture Water Purification. Acta Microbiol. Sin. 2017; 57: 304–314. https://europepmc.org/article/med/29750493

Ringø E, Hoseinifar SH, Ghosh K, van Doan H, Beck BR, Song SK. Lactic Acid Bacteria in Finfish-An Update. Front. Microbiol. 2018; 9: 1818. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01818

Szajewska H, Hojsak I Health benefits of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis BB-12 in children. Postgraduate medicine. 2020; 132(5): 441-451. https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.2020.1731214

Tsai YT, Cheng PC, Pan TM. The immunomodulatory effects of lactic acid bacteria for improving immune functions and benefits. Applied microbiology and biotechnology. 2012; 96(4): 853-862. doi: 10.1007/s00253-012-4407-3

Wang A, Zhong Q. Drying of probiotics to enhance the viability during preparation, storage, food application, and digestion: A review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 2024; 23(1): e13287. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.13287

Vieco Saiz, N, Belguesmia Y, Raspoet R, Auclair E, Gancel F, Kempf I, Drider D. Benefits and Inputs from Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Bacteriocins as Alternatives to Antibiotic Growth Promoters during Food Animal Production. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2019; 10: 422285. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00573

Yang S, Xu X, Peng Q, Ma L, Qiao Y, Shi B. Exopolysaccharides from Lactic Acid Bacteria, as an Alternative to Antibiotics, on Regulation of Intestinal Health and the Immune System. Animal Nutrition. 2023; 13: 78–89. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.12.004

Werning ML, Hernández Alcántara AM, Ruiz MJ, Soto LP, Dueñas MT, López P, Frizzo LS. Biological Functions of Exopolysaccharides from Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Potential Benefits for Humans and Farmed Animals. Foods. 2022; 11: 1284. doi: 10.3390/foods11091284

Kober AH, Riaz Rajoka MS, Mehwish HM, Villena J, Kitazawa H. Immunomodulation potential of probiotics: a novel strategy for improving livestock health, immunity, and productivity. Microorganisms. 2022;10(2): 388. doi:10.3390/microorganisms10020388

Belzer C, de Vos WM. Microbes inside—from diversity to function: the case of Akkermansia. ISME Journal. 2012; 6(8): 1449–1458.

Derrien M, Belzer C, de Vos WM Akkermansia muciniphila and its role in regulating host functions. Microbial Pathogenesis. 2017; 106: 171–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2016.02.005

Everard A, Belzer C, Geurts L. et al. Cross-talk between Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences. 2013; 110(22): 9066-9071. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1219451110

Zhao S, Liu W, Wang J et al. Akkermansia muciniphila improves metabolic profiles by reducing inflammation in chow diet-fed mice. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology. 2017; 58(1): 1–14. doi: 10.1530/JME-16-005

Kang CS, Ban M, Choi EJ et al. Extracellular vesicles derived from gut microbiota, especially Akkermansia muciniphila, protect the progression of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. PLoS ONE. 2013; 8(10): e76520. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076520

Ottman N, Reunanen J, Meijerink M etal. Pili-like proteins of Akkermansia muciniphila modulate host immune responses and gut barrier function. PLoS ONE. 2017; 12(3): e0173004.

Plovier H, Everard A, Druart C et al. A purified membrane protein from Akkermansia muciniphila or the pasteurized bacterium improves metabolism in obese and diabetic mice. Nature Medicine. 2017; 23(1): 107–113.

Salminen S, Collado MC, Endo A, Hill C, Lebeer S, Quigley EM M., … Vinderola G. The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2021; 18: 649–667. doi: 10.1038/s41575-021-00440-6

Wegh CAM, Geerlings SY, Knol J, Roeselers G, Belzer C. Postbiotics and their potential applications in early life nutrition and beyond. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(19): 4673. doi:10.3390/ijms20194673

Choudhury N, Meghwal M, Das K. Microencapsulation: An overview on concepts, methods, properties and applications in foods. Food Frontiers. 2021; 2: 426–442. https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.94

Lobel BT, Baiocco D, Al Sharabi M, Routh AF, Zhang Z, Cayre OJ. Current challenges in microcapsule designs and microencapsulation processes: A review. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 2024; 16. 40326–40355.

Zhao Y, Liu X, Ding Y, Zhou C. Microencapsulation of vitamin E by spray drying: Characterization, oxidative stability, and release properties. Food Chemistry. 2022; 371: 131152. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131152

Özyurt G, Durmuş M, Özkütük AS, Uçar Y. Microencapsulation of fish oil with olive leaf extract instead of synthetic antioxidant and its effects on nutraceutical properties of fish oil at different inlet temperatures. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 2024; 14(9): 10517-10532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03231-4.

Krasaekoopt W, Bhandari B, Deeth H. The influence of coating materials on some properties of alginate beads and survivability of microencapsulated probiotic bacteria. International Dairy Journal. 2004; 14(8): 737–743. doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2004.01.004

Chávarri M, Marañón I, Ares R, Ibáñez FC, Marzo F, Villarán MDC. Microencapsulation of a probiotic and prebiotic in alginate–chitosan capsules improves survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2010; 142(1–2): 185–189. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.06.022

Huq T, Khan A, Khan RA, Riedl B, Fraschini C. Encapsulation of probiotic bacteria with alginate–starch and evaluation of survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Journal of Food Engineering. 2013; 117(2):247–253. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.03.012

Barbosa J, Borges S, Amorim M, Pereira MJ, Oliveira A, Pintado ME, Teixeira P. Comparison of Spray Drying, Freeze Drying and Convective Hot Air Drying for the Production of a Probiotic Orange Powder. J. Funct. Foods. 2015; 17: 340–351. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.001.

Bauer SA W, Kulozik U, Foerst P. Drying Kinetics and Survival of Bacteria Suspensions of L. paracasei F19 in Low-Temperature Vacuum Drying. Dry. Technol. 2013; 31: 1497–1503. doi: 10.1080/07373937.2013.809733.

Aschenbrenner M, Foerst P, Kulozik U. Freeze-drying of Probiotics. In Advances in Probiotic Technology; Petra G, Chalat S Eds.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, 2015; pp 204–233. doi:10.1201/b18807-15.

Schuck P, Dolivet A, Mejean S, Herve C, Jeantet R. Spray Drying of Dairy Bacteria: New Opportunities to Improve the Viability of Bacteria Powders. Int. Dairy J. 2013; 31: 12–17. doi: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2012.01.006.

Carvalho AS, Silva J, Ho P, Teixeira P, Malcata FX, Gibbs P. Relevant Factors for the Preparation of Freeze-Dried Lactic Acid Bacteria. Int. Dairy J. 2004; 14: 835–847. doi: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2004.02.001.

Vorlander K, Kampen I, Finke JH, Kwade A. Along the Process Chain to Probiotic Tablets:Evaluation of Mechanical Impacts on Microbial Viability. Pharmaceutics. 2020; 12: 66. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010066.

Verlhac P, Vessot-Crastes S, Degobert G, Cogne C, Andrieu J, Beney L, Gervais P, Moundanga S. Experimental Study and Optimization of Freeze-Drying Cycles of a Model Casei Type Probiotic Bacteria. Dry. Technol. 2020; 38: 2120–2133. doi:10.1080/07373937.2019.1683859.

Moayyedi M, Hadi M, Hossein A, Rad E, Ziaee E, Hossein M, Khodaparast H, Golmakani M. Effect of Drying Methods (Electrospraying, Freeze Drying and Spray Drying) on Survival and Viability of Microencapsulated Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469. J. Funct. Foods. 2018; 40: 391–399. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.11.016.

Rajam R, Anandharamakrishnan C. Spray Freeze Drying Method for Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus plantarum. J. Food Eng. 2015; 166: 95–103. doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.05.029.

Izquierdo-Lopez D, Goulet J, Ratti C. Foam-Mat Freeze-Drying of Bifidobacterium longum RO175: Viability and Refrigerated Storage Stability. J. Food Sci. 2017; 82: 90–96. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.13571.

Stummer S, Toegel S, Rabenreither MC, Unger FM, Wirth M, Viernstein H, Salar-Behzadi S. Fluidized-Bed Drying as a Feasible Method for Dehydration of Enterococcus Faecium M74. J. Food Eng. 2012; 111: 156–165. doiI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.01.005.

Alves NN, de Oliveira Sancho S, da Silva ARA, Desobry S, da Costa JMC, Rodrigues S. Spouted Bed as an Efficient Processing for Probiotic Orange Juice Drying. Food Res. Int. 2017; 101: 54–60. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2017.08.052.

Krasaekoopt W, Bhandari B, Deeth H. Evaluation of encapsulation techniques of probiotics for yoghurt. International Dairy Journal. 2003; 13. 3–13.

Heidebach T, Först P, Kulozik U. Microencapsulation of probiotic cells for food applications. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2012, 52: 291–311.

Kailasapathy K. Microencapsulation of probiotic bacteria: Technology and potential applications. Current Issues in Intestinal Microbiology. 2002; 3: 39–48.

Madene A, Jacquot M, Scher J, Desobry S. Flavour encapsulation and controlled release–a review. International journal of food science and technology. 2006; 41(1): 1-21.

Gharsallaoui A, Roudaut G, Chambin O, Voilley A, Saurel R. Applications of spray-drying in microencapsulation of food ingredients: An overview. Food research international. 2007; 40(9): 1107-1121.

Ribeiro MCE, Chaves KS, Gebara C, Infante FN, Grosso CR, Gigante ML. Effect of microencapsulation of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 on physicochemical, sensory and microbiological characteristics of stirred probiotic yoghurt. Food Research International. 2014; 66. 424-431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2014.10.019

Da Silva TM, Pinto VS, Soares VRF, Marotz D, Cichoski AJ, Zepka LQ., ... de Menezes CR. Viability of microencapsulated Lactobacillus acidophilus by complex coacervation associated with enzymatic crosslinking under application in different fruit juices. Food Research International. 2021; 141: 110190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110190

Qi X, Lan Y, Ohm JB, Chen B, Rao J. The viability of complex coacervate encapsulated probiotics during simulated sequential gastrointestinal digestion affected by wall materials and drying methods. Food & Function. 2021; 12(19): 8907-8919.

Skrlec K, Zupan ci CS, Prpar Mihevc S, Kocbek P, Kristl J, Berlec A. Development of Electrospun Nanofibers that Enable High Loading and Longterm Viability of Probiotics. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2019; 136: 108–119. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.01.013.

Agarwal S, Wendorff JH, Greiner A. Use of electrospinning technique for biomedical applications. Polymer. 2008; 49: 5603–5621.

López-Rubio A, Sanchez E, Wilkanowicz S, Sanz Y, Lagaron JM. Electrospinning as a useful technique for the encapsulation of living Bifidobacteria in food hydrocolloids. Food Hydrocolloids. 2012; 28: 159–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2011.12.008

Santivarangkna C, Kulozik U, Foerst P. Inactivation mechanisms of lactic acid starter cultures preserved by drying processes. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2008; 105(1): 1e13

Papadimitriou K, Alegría Á, Bron PA, De Angelis M, Gobbetti M, Kleerebezem M, ... Kok J. Stress physiology of lactic acid bacteria. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 2016, 80(3): 837-890. doi:10.1128/MMBR.00076-15

Leverrier P, Vissers JPC, Rouault A, Boyaval P, Jan GMass spectrometry proteomic analysis of stress adaptation reveals both common and distinct response pathways in Propionibacterium freudenreichii. Archives of Microbiology. 2004; 181(3). 215e230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-003-0646-0.

Thierry A, Deutsch SM, Falentin H, Dalmasso M, Cousin FJ, Jan GNew insights into physiology and metabolism of Propionibacterium freudenreichii. International journal of food microbiology. 2011; 149(1): 19-27.

Huang S, Cauty C, Dolivet A, Le Loir Y, Chen XD, Schuck P.,…Jeantet R. Double use of highly concentrated sweet whey to improve the biomass production and viability of spray-dried probiotic bacteria. Journal of Functional Foods. 2016a; 23: 453e463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.050.

Kumar P, Mishra HN. Yoghurt powder-a review of process technology, storage and utilization. Food and Bioproducts Processing. 2004; 82(2): 133e142. https://doi.org/10.1205/0960308041614918.

Wang YC, Yu RC, Chou CC. Viability of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria in fermented soymilk after drying, subsequent rehydration and storage. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2004; 93(2): 209e217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.12.001

Foerst P, Kulozik U, Schmitt M, Bauer S, Santivarangkna C. Storage stability of vacuum-dried probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus paracasei F19. Food and Bioproducts Processing. 2012; 90(2): 295e300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2011.06.004.

Mille Y, Beney L, Gervais P. Compared tolerance to osmotic stress in various microorganisms: Towards a survival prediction test. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 2005; 92(4): 479e484.

Lian WC, Hsiao HC, Chou CC. Survival of bifidobacteria after spraydrying. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2002; 74(1e2): 79e86. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(01)00733-4.

Desmond C, Stanton C, Fitzgerald GF, Collins K, Ross RP. Environmental adaptation of probiotic lactobacilli towards improvement of performance during spray drying. International Dairy Journal. 2001; 11(10): 801e808.

Zhang Y, Lin J, Zhong Q. Effects of media, heat adaptation, and outlet temperature on the survival of Lactobacillus salivarius NRRL B-30514 after spray drying and subsequent storage. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 2016; 74: 441e447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2016.08.008

Huang S, Rabah H, Jardin J, Briard-Bion V, Parayre S, Maillard MB,…Jan G. Hyperconcentrated sweet whey: A new culture medium that enhances Propionibacterium freudenreichii stress tolerance. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2016 b; 82(15): 4641e4651. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00748-16.

Corcoran BM, Ross RP, Fitzgerald GF, Dockery P, Stanton C. Enhanced survival of GroESL-overproducing Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 under stressful conditions induced by drying. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2006: 72(7); 5104e5107. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02626-05.

Desmond C, Fitzgerald GF, Stanton C, Ross RP. Improved stress tolerance of GroESL-overproducing Lactococcus lactis and probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2004; 70(10): 5929e5936. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.10.5929-5936.2004.

Sheehan VM, Sleator RD, Fitzgerald GF, Hill C. Heterologous expression of BetL, a betaine uptake system, enhances the stress tolerance of Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2006; 72(3): 2170e2177

De Angelis M, Calasso M, Cavallo N, Di Cagno R, Gobbetti M. Functional proteomics within the genus Lactobacillus. Proteomics. 2016; 16(6): 946e962. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmic.201500117.

Lebeer S, Vanderleyden J, De Keersmaecker SCJ. Genes and molecules of lactobacilli supporting probiotic action. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 2008; 72(4): 728e764. https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.00017-08.

Kets EPW, Teunissen PJM, Debont JAM. Effect of compatible solutes on survival of lactic acid bacteria subjected to drying. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 1996; 62(1): 259e261.

Linders LJM, Meerdink G, Van’t Riet K. Effect of growth parameters on the residual activity of Lactobacillus plantarum after drying. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 1997; 82(6): 683e688.

Silva J, Carvalho AS, Ferreira R, Vitorino R, Amado F, Domingues P.,…Gibbs PA. Effect of the pH of growth on the survival of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus to stress conditions during spray drying. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2005; 98(3): 775e782.

Wood JM. Bacterial osmoregulation: A paradigm for the study of cellular homeostasis. Annual Review of Microbiology. 2011; 65(1): 215e238. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-090110-102815.

Peighambardoust SH, Golshan Tafti A, Hesari J. Application of spray drying for preservation of lactic acid starter cultures: A review. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2011; 22(5): 215e224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2011.01.009.

Alcantara C, Revilla-Guarinos A, Zuniga M. Influence of two-component signal transduction systems of Lactobacillus casei BL23 on tolerance to stress conditions. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2011; 77(4): 1516e1519. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02176-10.

Hussain M, Knight M, Britz M. Proteomic analysis of lactosestarved Lactobacillus casei during stationary growth phase. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2009; 106(3): 764e773. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-672.2008.03961.x.

Corcoran BM, Ross RP, Fitzgerald GF. Stanton C. Survival of probiotic lactobacilli in acidic environments is enhanced in the presence of metabolizable sugars. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2004; 70: 3060–3067. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.6.3060-3067.2005

Schuck P, Jeantet R, Bhandari B, Chen XD, Perrone IT, de Carvalho AF ... Kelly P. Recent advances in spray drying relevant to the dairy industry: A comprehensive critical review. Drying Technology. 2016; 34(15): 1773-1790. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2016.1233114

Abe F, Miyauchi H, Uchijima A, Yaeshima T, Iwatsuki K.. Effects of storage temperature and water activity on the survival of bifidobacteria in powder form. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 2009; 62(2): 234e239.

Perdana J, Bereschenko L, Fox MB, Kuperus JH, Kleerebezem M, Boom RM, et al. Dehydration and thermal inactivation of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1: Comparing single droplet drying to spray and freeze drying. Food Research International. 2013; 54(2): 1351e1359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2013.09.043.

Fu WY, Suen SY, Etzel MR. Inactivation of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis C2 and alkaline phosphatase during spray drying. Drying Technology. 1995; 13(5e7): 1463e1476. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373939508917033.

Riveros B, Ferrer J, Borquez R. Spray drying of a vaginal probiotic strain of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Drying Technology. 2009; 27(1): 123e132. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373930802566002.

Crowe JH, Crowe LM, Chapman D. Preservation of membranes in anhydrobiotic organisms: The role of trehalose. Science. 1984; 223(4637): 701e703.https://doi.org/10.1126/science.223.4637.701.

Morgan CA, Herman N, White PA, Vesey G. Preservation of microorganisms by drying: A review. Journal of Microbiological Methods. 2006; 66(2):183e193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2006.02.017.

Huang S, Yang Y, Fu N, Qin Q, Zhang L, Chen XD. Calcium-aggregated milk: A potential new option for improving the viability of lactic acid bacteria under heat stress. Food and Bioprocess Technology. 2014; 7(11): 3147e3155.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-014-1331-9.

Wang J, Huang S, Fu N, Jeantet R, Chen XD. Thermal aggregation of calcium-fortified skim milk enhances probiotic protection during convective droplet drying. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2016; 64(30): 6003-6010 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02205.

Rajam R, Anandharamakrishnan C. Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus plantarum (MTCC 5422) with fructooligosaccharide as wall material by spray drying. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 2015; 60(2, Part 1): 773e780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2014.09.062.

Bielecka MA, Majkowska A. Effect of spray drying temperature of yoghurt on the survival of starter cultures, moisture content and sensoric properties of yoghurt powder. Food/nahrung. 2000; 44(4): 257-260.

Corcoran BM, Ross RP, Fitzgerald GF, Stanton C. Comparative survival of probiotic lactobacilli spray-dried in the presence of prebiotic substances. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2004; 96(5): 1024e1039. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02219.x

Simpson PJ, Stanton C, Fitzgerald GF, Ross RP. Intrinsic tolerance of Bifidobacterium species to heat and oxygen and survival following spray drying and storage. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2005; 99(3): 493e501. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02648.x

Sunny-Roberts EO, Knorr D. The protective effect of monosodium glutamate on survival of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus rhamnosus E-97800 (E800) strains during spray-drying and storage in trehalose containing powders. International Dairy Journal. 2009; 19(4): 209e214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2008.10.008

Perez-Chabela, ML, Lara-Labastida R, Rodriguez-Huezo E, Totosaus A. Effect of spray drying encapsulation of thermotolerant lactic acid bacteria on meat batters properties. Food and Bioprocess Technology. 2013; 6(6): 1505e1515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-012-0865-y.

Schuck P, Jeantet R, Tanguy G, Mejean S, Gac A, Lefebvre T.,…Martineau M. Energy consumption in the processing of dairy and feed powders by evaporation and drying. Drying Technology. 2015; 33: 176e184. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2014.942913

Dijkstra AR, Setyawati MC, Bayjanov JR, Alkema W, Van Hijum SAFT, Bron PA, et al. Diversity in robustness of Lactococcus lactis strains during heat stress, oxidative stress, and spray drying stress. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2014; 80(2): 603e611. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03434-13.

Maciel GM, Chaves KS, Grosso CRF, Gigante ML. Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 by spray-drying using sweet whey and skim milk as encapsulating materials. Journal of Dairy Science. 2014; 97(4). 1991e1998. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-7463.

Perdana J, Fox MB, Siwei C, Boom RM, Schutyser MAI. Interactions between formulation and spray drying conditions related to survival of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1. Food Research International. 2014; 56: 9e17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2013.12.007.

Eratte D, McKnight S, Gengenbach TR, Dowling K, Barrow CJ, Adhikari BP. Co-encapsulation and characterisation of omega-3 fatty acids and probiotic bacteria in whey protein isolate–gum Arabic complex coacervates. Journal of functional foods. 2015; 19: 882-892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2015.01.037

Iaconelli C, Lemetais G, Kechaou N, Chain F, Bermúdez-Humaran LG, Langella, P.,…Beney L. Drying process strongly affects probiotics viability and functionalities. Journal of Biotechnology. 2015; 214. 17e26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.08.022

Liu H, Gong J, Chabot D, Miller SS, Cui SW, Ma J.,…Wang Q. Protection of heat-sensitive probiotic bacteria during spray-drying by sodium caseinate stabilized fat particles. Food Hydrocolloids. 2015; 51: 459e467 https://doi. org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.05.015

Ranadheera CS, Evans CA, Adams MC, Baines SK. Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB- 12 and Propionibacterium jensenii 702 by spray drying in goat's milk. Small Ruminant Research. 2015; 123(1). 155e159. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014. 10.012.

Khem S, Bansal V, Small DM, May BK. Comparative influence of pH and heat on whey protein isolate in protecting Lactobacillus plantarum A17 during spray drying. Food Hydrocolloids. 2016; 54(Part A): 162e169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.09.029

Bustamante M, Oomah BD, Rubila M, Shene C. Effective Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium infantis encapsulation with chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) and flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) mucilage and soluble protein by spray drying. Food Chemistry. 2017; 216: 97e105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.019.

Guerin J, Petit J, Burgain J, Borges F, Bhandari B, Perroud C.,…Gaiani C. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG encapsulation by spray-drying: Milk proteins clotting control to produce innovative matrices. Journal of Food Engineering 2017; 193. 10e19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.08.008.

Huang S, Mejean S, Rabah H, Dolivet A, Le Loir Y, Chen XD.,…Schuck P. Double use of concentrated sweet whey for growth and spray drying of probiotics: Towards maximal viability in pilot scale spray dryer. Journal of Food Engineering. 2017; 196. 11e17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.10.017.

Souza M, Mesquita A, Veríssimo C, Grosso C, Converti A, Maciel MI. Microencapsulation by spray drying of a functional product with mixed juice of acerola and ciriguela fruits containing three probiotic lactobacilli. Drying Technology. 2022; 40(6): 1185-1195. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2020.1862182

Li H, Peng F, Lin JX, Xiong T, Huang T. Preparation of probiotic microcapsules using gelatin-xylooligosaccharides conjugates by spray drying: Physicochemical properties, survival, digestion resistance and colonization. Food Bioscience. 2023; 52: 102462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102462

Bhat SA, Srivastava T, Saxena DC, Jan K, Bashir K. Development and characterization of non-dairy probiotic chickpea (Sattu) powder by spray drying: an alternative for lactose intolerance and casein allergy. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization. 2025; 19(6). 4048-4061. doi:10.1007/s11694-025-03233-6

Conrad PB, Miller DP, Cielenski PR, de Pablo JJ. Stabilization and preservation of Lactobacillus acidophilus in saccharide matrices. Cryobiology. 2000; 41(1). 17e24. https://doi.org/10.1006/cryo.2000.2260.

Barbosa J, Teixeira P. Development of probiotic fruit juice powders by spray-drying: A review. Food Reviews International. 2016; 33(4): 335–358. https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2016.1175016

Sosa N, Gerbino E, Golowczyc MA, Schebor C, Gómez-Zavaglia A. Tymczyszyn EE. Effect of galacto-oligosaccharides: maltodextrin matrices on the recovery of Lactobacillus plantarum after spray-drying. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2016; 7: 584. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00584

Sompach G, Rodklongtan A, Nitisinprasert S, Chitprasert P. Microencapsulating role of whey protein isolate and sucrose in protecting the cell membrane and enhancing survival of probiotic lactobacilli strains during spray drying, storage, and simulated gastrointestinal passage. Food Research International. 2022; 159: 111651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111651

Le NTM, Van Hieu N. Use of whey protein for encapsulation and controlled release of probiotic from protein microencapsule in ex vivo porcine gastrointestinal contents. Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology. 2018; 56(2): 208. https://doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/56/2/9850

Zheng X, Fu N, Huang S, Jeantet R, Chen XD. Exploring the protective effects of calcium-containing carrier against drying-induced cellular injuries of probiotics using single droplet drying technique. Food Research International. 2016; 90: 226-234; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2016.10.034

Páez R, Lavari L, Audero G, Cuatrin A, Zaritzky N, Reinheimer J, et al. Study of the effects of spray-drying on the functionality of probiotic lactobacilli. International Journal of Dairy Technology. 2013; 66(2): 155e161. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0307.12038.

Gebare C, Chaves KS, Ribeiro MCE, Souza FN, Grosso CRF, Gigante Mirna L. Viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 in pectin–whey protein microparticles during exposure to simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Food Research International. 2013; 51: 872–878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2013.02.008

Pinto SS, Verruck S, Vieira CR, Prudêncio ES, Amante ER, Amboni RD. Influence of microencapsulation with sweet whey and prebiotics on the survival of Bifidobacterium-BB-12 under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and heat treatments. LWT-food Science and Technology. 2015; 64(2): 1004-1009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2015.07.020

Bustamante M, Villarroel M, Rubilar M, Shene C. Lactobacillus acidophilus La-05 encapsulated by spray drying: Effect of mucilage and protein from flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.). LWT - Food Science and Technology. 2015; 62(2): 1162e1168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2015.02.017.

Passot S, Cenard S, Douania I, Trelea IC, Fonseca F. Critical water activity and amorphous state for optimal preservation of lyophilised lactic acid bacteria. Food Chemistry. 2012; 132(4): 1699e1705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.06.012.

Buitink J, van den Dries IJ, Hoekstra FA, Alberda M, Hemminga MA. High critical temperature above Tg may contribute to the stability of biological systems. Biophysical Journal. 2000; 79(2): 1119-1128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(00)76365-X

Özyurt G.. Prebiyotik bazlı biyopolimerle enkapsüle edilen laktik asit bakteri ve serbest hücre ekstraklarının karakterizasyonu: Gökkuşağı alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus mykiss) yem katkısı olarak kullanılabilirliği. TÜBİTAK 1001 (223O557), 2024-devam ediyor.

Vesterlund S, Salminen K, Salminen S. Water activity in dry foods containing live probiotic bacteria should be carefully considered: A case study with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in flaxseed. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2012; 157(2): 319e321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.05.016.

Teixeira PC, Castro MH, Kirby RM. Evidence of membrane lipid oxidation of spray-dried Lactobacillus bulgaricus during storage. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 1996; 22(1): 34e38.

Sakarya Y. Farklı Sıcaklıklarda α-Tokoferol İlavesi ile Mikroenkapsüle Edilen Streptococcus thermophilus’ un Karakterizasyonu. Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Su ürünleri Avlama ve İşleme Teknolojisi Anabilim Dalı, YL Tezi, 73 s, 2024, Adana.

Desmond C, Ross RP, O'Callaghan E, Fitzgerald G, Stanton C. Improved survival of Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 in spray-dried powders containing gum acacia. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2002; 93(6): 1003e1011.

Rajam R, Karthik P, Parthasarathi S, Joseph GS, Anandharamakrishnan C. Effect of whey proteine alginate wall systems on survival of microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Journal of Functional Foods. 2012; 4(4): 891e898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2012.06.006.

Würth R, Hormannsperger G, Wilke J, Foerst P, Haller D, Kulozik U. Protective effect of milk protein based microencapsulation on bacterial survival in simulated gastric juice versus the murine gastrointestinal system. Journal of Functional Foods. 2015; 15: 116e125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2015.02.046.

Golowczyc MA, Silva J, Teixeira P, De Antoni GL, Abraham AG. Cellular injuries of spray-dried Lactobacillus spp. isolated from kefir and their impact on probiotic properties. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2011; 144(3): 556e560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.11.005.

Mille Y, Obert JP, Beney L, Gervais P. New drying process for lactic bacteria based on their dehydration behavior in liquid medium. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 2004; 88(1): 71e76.

Malmo C, Storia AL, Mauriello G. Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 cells coated in alginate beads with chitosan by spray drying to use as a probiotic cell in a chocolate Souffle. Food and Bioprocess Technology. 2013; 6(3): 795e805. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-011-0755-8.

Zhang Z, Luan C, Zhang H, Zhang L, Hao Y. Effects of spray drying on Lactobacillus plantarm BM-1 viability, resistance to simulated gastrointestinal digestion and storage stability. Drying Technology. 2015; 34(2): 177e184. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2015.1021009.

Dimitrellou D, Kandylis P, Petrovic T, Dimitrijevic-Brankovic S, Levic S, Nedovic V, et al. Survival of spray dried microencapsulated Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 in simulated gastrointestinal conditions and fermented milk. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 2016; 71: 169e174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2016.03.007.

Wu VCH. A review of microbial injury and recovery methods in food. Food Microbiology. 2008; 25(6): 735e744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2008.04.011.

FAO/WHO 2001. Evaluation of health and nutritional properties of powder milk and live lactic acid bacteria. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization Expert Consultation Report http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/fs_management/en/probiotics.pdf.

Yilmaz Y. Postbiotics as Antiinflammatory and Immune‐Modulating Bioactive Compounds in Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2024; 68(23): 2400754. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.202400754

Zhu Y, Xiao M, Kang T, He Y, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Xiao X. The Role of Inactivation Methods in Shaping Postbiotic Composition and Modulating Bioactivity: A Review. Foods. 2025; 14(13): 2358. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14132358

Zhou L, Chen H, He J, Ma H, Wang P, Wu X, ... Wang R. The effect of heat-inactivated BBMN68 on immune regulation and gut microbiota in immunosuppressed mice and exploration of its immunomodulation postbiotic functional components. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2025; 143758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143758

İndir

Gelecek

30 Ekim 2025

Lisans

Lisans