Yem Katkı Maddelerinin Üretiminde Nanoteknolojinin Kullanımı

Yavuz Gürbüz

doi:10.37609/akya.3867

Yazarlar

Yavuz Gürbüz

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6592-8315

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37609/akya.3867.c1470

Özet

Nanoteknoloji, tarım ve hayvancılık sektörlerini küresel olarak devrim niteliğinde değiştirecek muazzam bir potansiyele sahip, gelecek vaat eden ve ortaya çıkan bir teknolojidir. Şekerler, polifenoller, terpenoidler, proteinler vb. içeren bitki özlerini içerdiğinden bu fitokimyasallar, sentez süreci sırasında mineralleri indirgenmiş halde tutmak için bir indirgeyici madde görevi görür. Ve sonuçta, atık ürünler son derece biyolojik olarak parçalanabilir ve dolayısıyla çevreye olumsuz bir etkisi yoktur. Hayvan beslenmesinde nanoteknoloji esas olarak, özellikle biyoyararlanımı düşük olan küçük miktardaki mineraller ve yem katkı maddeleri olmak üzere nano-minerallerin hazırlanmasında kullanılır. Ayrıca, nanopartiküller olarak mineraller bağırsak mineral antagonizmasını azaltarak atılımı ve çevre kirliliğini azaltmaktadır. Enzim nanopartikülleri, benzersiz özelliklerini (optik, elektriksel) gösteren protein agregalarıdır. Nanoteknoloji, yem işlemede kapsülleme, şelatlama, paketleme ve nanotüpler gibi yöntemlerle besinleri hedef organlara tat veya renk değiştirmeden ulaştırmak için kullanılır. Nanopartiküller, nanoteknolojide çöktürme, emülsiyon çapraz bağlama, püskürtmeli kurutma, emülsiyon-damlacık birleşmesi vb. nanoteknoloji araçları kullanılarak hazırlanabilir. Nanopartikül sentezi fiziksel (yüksek enerjili öğütme, buhar işlemleri), kimyasal yöntemler (kolloid oluşturma) ve biyolojik yöntemlerle gerçekleştirilir. Nanoteknoloji uygulamalarının yem, sağlık ve üretimde hayatı kolaylaştırma ve hayvancılık sektörünü geliştirme potansiyeli bulunmaktdır. Çalışmalar, nanopartikülün özellikle yem katkı madde üretiminde uygulamaları sindirim verimliliğini, bağışıklığı ve performansı iyileştirdiğini soncuna varılmıştır. Mevcut inceleme, nanopartiküllerin üretimi, hayvan beslenmesindeki rolleri ve gelecekteki beklentileri dahil olmak üzere nanoteknolojinin çeşitli yönleri hakkında bilgi verilecektir.

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