Motor Kontrolden Bilişe: Egzersizin Yaşlanan Sinir Ağları Üzerindeki Canlandırıcı Gücü

Berger, M. J., Watson, B. V., & Doherty, T. J. (2010). Effect of maximal voluntary contraction on the amplitude of the compound muscle action potential: Implications for the interpolated twitch technique. Muscle & Nerve, *42*(4), 498–503.

Caserotti, P., Aagaard, P., Buttrup Larsen, J., & Puggaard, L. (2008). Explosive heavy‐resistance training in old and very old adults: Changes in rapid muscle force, strength and power. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, *18*(6), 773–782.

Chapman, T. W., & Hill, R. A. (2020). Myelin plasticity in adulthood and aging. Neuroscience Letters, *715*, 134645.

Choy, N. L., Brauer, S., & Nitz, J. (2003). Changes in postural stability in women aged 20 to 80 years. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, *58*(6), M525–M530.

Clark, B. C., Clark, L. A., & Law, T. D. (2016). Resistance exercise to prevent and manage sarcopenia and dynapenia. Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics, *36*(1), 205–228.

Doherty, T. J., Vandervoot, A. A., Taylor, A. W., & Brown, W. F. (1993). Effects of motor unit losses on strength in older men and women. Journal of Applied Physiology, *74*(2), 868–874.

Eslami, R., Tartibian, B., & Najarpour, M. (2019). Effect of six weeks resistance training on nerve conduction velocity, strength, balance and walking speed in multiple sclerosis patients. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, *21*(3), 63–68.

Faulkner, J. A., Davis, C. S., Mendias, C. L., & Brooks, S. V. (2008). The aging of elite male athletes: Age-related changes in performance and skeletal muscle structure and function. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, *18*(6), 501–507.

Fiatarone, M. A., O'Neill, E. F., Ryan, N. D., Clements, K. M., Solares, G. R., Nelson, M. E., Roberts, S. B., Kehayias, J. J., Lipsitz, L. A., & Evans, W. J. (1994). Exercise training and nutritional supplementation for physical frailty in very elderly people. The New England Journal of Medicine, *330*(25), 1769–1775.

Fragala, M. S., Cadore, E. L., Dorgo, S., Izquierdo, M., Kraemer, W. J., Peterson, M. D., & Ryan, E. D. (2019). Resistance training for older adults: Position statement from the National Strength and Conditioning Association. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, *33*(8), 2019–2052.

Frontera, W. R., Hughes, V. A., Fielding, R. A., Fiatarone, M. A., Evans, W. J., & Roubenoff, R. (2000). Aging of skeletal muscle: A 12-yr longitudinal study. Journal of Applied Physiology, *88*(4), 1321–1326.

Gasser, H. S., & Erlanger, J. (1927). The role played by the sizes of the constituent fibers of a nerve trunk in determining the form of its action potential wave. American Journal of Physiology, *80*, 522–547.

Gillespie, M. J., & Stein, R. B. (1983). The relationship between axon diameter, myelin thickness and conduction velocity during atrophy of mammalian peripheral nerves. Brain Research, *259*(1), 41–56.

Häkkinen, K. (1994). Neuromuscular adaptation during strength training, aging, detraining, and immobilization. Critical Reviews in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, *6*(2), 161–198.

Häkkinen, K., Kraemer, W. J., Newton, R. U., & Alen, M. (2001). Changes in electromyographic activity, muscle fibre and force production characteristics during heavy resistance/power strength training in middle-aged and older men and women. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, *171*(1), 51–62.

Häkkinen, K., Pakarinen, A., Kraemer, W. J., Häkkinen, A., Valkeinen, H., & Alen, M. (2001). Selective muscle hypertrophy, changes in EMG and force, and serum hormones during strength training in older women. Journal of Applied Physiology, *91*(2), 569–580.

Lange-Maia, B. S., Newman, A. B., Strotmeyer, E. S., Harris, T. B., & Boudreau, R. M. (2016). Sensorimotor peripheral nerve function and the longitudinal relationship with endurance walking in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, *97*(1), 45–52.

Lexell, J. (1997). Evidence for nervous system degeneration with advancing age. The Journal of Nutrition, *127*(5), 1011S–1013S.

Metter, E. J., Conwit, R., Metter, B., Pacheco, T., & Tobin, J. (1998). The relationship of peripheral motor nerve conduction velocity to age-associated loss of grip strength. Aging, *10*(6), 471–478.

Narici, M. V., Maffulli, N., & Maganaris, C. N. (2008). Ageing of human muscles and tendons. Disability and Rehabilitation, *30*(20–22), 1548–1554.

Naruse, M., Trappe, S., & Trappe, T. A. (2023). Human skeletal muscle-specific atrophy with aging: A comprehensive review. Journal of Applied Physiology, *134*(4), 900–914.

Norris, A. H., Shock, N. W., & Wagman, I. H. (1953). Age changes in the maximum conduction velocity of motor fibers of human ulnar nerves. Journal of Applied Physiology, *5*(10), 589–593.

Padkao, T., & Prasertsri, P. (2019). Effectiveness of an upper and lower limb resistance training program on body composition, nerve conduction velocity, and cardiac autonomic nervous activity in university athletes. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, *22*(2), 78–98.

Patten, C., Kamen, G., & Rowland, D. M. (2001). Adaptations in maximal motor unit discharge rate to strength training in young and older adults. Muscle & Nerve, *24*(4), 542–550.

Petrella, J. K., Kim, J. S., Tuggle, S. C., & Bamman, M. M. (2007). Contributions of force and velocity to improved power with progressive resistance training in young and older adults. European Journal of Applied Physiology, *99*(4), 343–351.

Reeves, N. D., Maganaris, C. N., Longo, S., & Narici, M. V. (2009). Differential adaptations to eccentric versus conventional resistance training in older humans. Experimental Physiology, *94*(7), 825–833.

Roth, S. M., Martel, G. F., Ivey, F. M., Lemmer, J. T., Metter, E. J., Hurley, B. F., & Rogers, M. A. (2000). High-volume, heavy-resistance strength training and muscle damage in young and older women. Journal of Applied Physiology, *88*(3), 1112–1118.

Sale, D., McComas, A. J., MacDougall, J. D., & Upton, A. R. M. (1982). Neuromuscular adaptation in human thenar muscles following strength training and immobilization. Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology, *53*(2), 419–424.

Sale, D. G., Upton, A. R. M., McComas, A. J., & MacDougall, J. D. (1983). Neuromuscular function in weight-trainers. Experimental Neurology, *82*(3), 521–531.

Shields, J. E., Smith, C. M., Reese, S. M., Dos Santos, M. L., Parodi, M., & DeFreitas, J. M. (2025). An exercise intervention may counteract the degradation of nerve conduction from age-related disuse. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, *57*(10), 2101–2107.

Sleivert, G. G., Backus, R. D., & Wenger, H. A. (1995). The influence of a strength-sprint training sequence on multi-joint power output. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, *27*(12), 1655–1665.

Slivka, D., Raue, U., Hollon, C., Minchev, K., & Trappe, S. (2008). Single muscle fiber adaptations to resistance training in old (>80 yr) men: Evidence for limited skeletal muscle plasticity. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, *295*(1), R273–R280.

Verdú, E., Ceballos, D., Vilches, J. J., & Navarro, X. (2000). Influence of aging on peripheral nerve function and regeneration. Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System, *5*(4), 191–208.

Vincent, H. K., Bourguignon, C. M., & Vincent, K. R. (2006). Resistance training lowers exercise-induced oxidative stress and homocysteine levels in overweight and obese older adults. Obesity, *14*(11), 1921–1930.

Wang, F. C., De Pasqua, V., & Delwaide, P. J. (1999). Age-related changes in fastest and slowest conducting axons of thenar motor units. Muscle & Nerve, *22*(8), 1022–1029.

Ward, R. E., Caserotti, P., Cauley, J. A., Boudreau, R. M., Goodpaster, B. H., Vinik, A. I., Harris, T. B., & Newman, A. B. (2016). Mobility-related consequences of reduced lower-extremity peripheral nerve function with age: A systematic review. Aging and Disease, *7*(4), 466–478.

Yarasheski, K. E. (2002). Managing sarcopenia with progressive resistance exercise training. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, *6*(5), 349–356.

Berger, M. J., Watson, B. V., & Doherty, T. J. (2010). Effect of maximal voluntary contraction on the amplitude of the compound muscle action potential: Implications for the interpolated twitch technique. Muscle & Nerve, *42*(4), 498–503.

Caserotti, P., Aagaard, P., Buttrup Larsen, J., & Puggaard, L. (2008). Explosive heavy‐resistance training in old and very old adults: Changes in rapid muscle force, strength and power. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, *18*(6), 773–782.

Chapman, T. W., & Hill, R. A. (2020). Myelin plasticity in adulthood and aging. Neuroscience Letters, *715*, 134645.

Choy, N. L., Brauer, S., & Nitz, J. (2003). Changes in postural stability in women aged 20 to 80 years. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, *58*(6), M525–M530.

Clark, B. C., Clark, L. A., & Law, T. D. (2016). Resistance exercise to prevent and manage sarcopenia and dynapenia. Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics, *36*(1), 205–228.

Doherty, T. J., Vandervoot, A. A., Taylor, A. W., & Brown, W. F. (1993). Effects of motor unit losses on strength in older men and women. Journal of Applied Physiology, *74*(2), 868–874.

Eslami, R., Tartibian, B., & Najarpour, M. (2019). Effect of six weeks resistance training on nerve conduction velocity, strength, balance and walking speed in multiple sclerosis patients. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, *21*(3), 63–68.

Faulkner, J. A., Davis, C. S., Mendias, C. L., & Brooks, S. V. (2008). The aging of elite male athletes: Age-related changes in performance and skeletal muscle structure and function. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, *18*(6), 501–507.

Fiatarone, M. A., O'Neill, E. F., Ryan, N. D., Clements, K. M., Solares, G. R., Nelson, M. E., Roberts, S. B., Kehayias, J. J., Lipsitz, L. A., & Evans, W. J. (1994). Exercise training and nutritional supplementation for physical frailty in very elderly people. The New England Journal of Medicine, *330*(25), 1769–1775.

Fragala, M. S., Cadore, E. L., Dorgo, S., Izquierdo, M., Kraemer, W. J., Peterson, M. D., & Ryan, E. D. (2019). Resistance training for older adults: Position statement from the National Strength and Conditioning Association. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, *33*(8), 2019–2052.

Frontera, W. R., Hughes, V. A., Fielding, R. A., Fiatarone, M. A., Evans, W. J., & Roubenoff, R. (2000). Aging of skeletal muscle: A 12-yr longitudinal study. Journal of Applied Physiology, *88*(4), 1321–1326.

Gasser, H. S., & Erlanger, J. (1927). The role played by the sizes of the constituent fibers of a nerve trunk in determining the form of its action potential wave. American Journal of Physiology, *80*, 522–547.

Gillespie, M. J., & Stein, R. B. (1983). The relationship between axon diameter, myelin thickness and conduction velocity during atrophy of mammalian peripheral nerves. Brain Research, *259*(1), 41–56.

Häkkinen, K. (1994). Neuromuscular adaptation during strength training, aging, detraining, and immobilization. Critical Reviews in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, *6*(2), 161–198.

Häkkinen, K., Kraemer, W. J., Newton, R. U., & Alen, M. (2001). Changes in electromyographic activity, muscle fibre and force production characteristics during heavy resistance/power strength training in middle-aged and older men and women. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, *171*(1), 51–62.

Häkkinen, K., Pakarinen, A., Kraemer, W. J., Häkkinen, A., Valkeinen, H., & Alen, M. (2001). Selective muscle hypertrophy, changes in EMG and force, and serum hormones during strength training in older women. Journal of Applied Physiology, *91*(2), 569–580.

Lange-Maia, B. S., Newman, A. B., Strotmeyer, E. S., Harris, T. B., & Boudreau, R. M. (2016). Sensorimotor peripheral nerve function and the longitudinal relationship with endurance walking in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, *97*(1), 45–52.

Lexell, J. (1997). Evidence for nervous system degeneration with advancing age. The Journal of Nutrition, *127*(5), 1011S–1013S.

Metter, E. J., Conwit, R., Metter, B., Pacheco, T., & Tobin, J. (1998). The relationship of peripheral motor nerve conduction velocity to age-associated loss of grip strength. Aging, *10*(6), 471–478.

Narici, M. V., Maffulli, N., & Maganaris, C. N. (2008). Ageing of human muscles and tendons. Disability and Rehabilitation, *30*(20–22), 1548–1554.

Naruse, M., Trappe, S., & Trappe, T. A. (2023). Human skeletal muscle-specific atrophy with aging: A comprehensive review. Journal of Applied Physiology, *134*(4), 900–914.

Norris, A. H., Shock, N. W., & Wagman, I. H. (1953). Age changes in the maximum conduction velocity of motor fibers of human ulnar nerves. Journal of Applied Physiology, *5*(10), 589–593.

Padkao, T., & Prasertsri, P. (2019). Effectiveness of an upper and lower limb resistance training program on body composition, nerve conduction velocity, and cardiac autonomic nervous activity in university athletes. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, *22*(2), 78–98.

Patten, C., Kamen, G., & Rowland, D. M. (2001). Adaptations in maximal motor unit discharge rate to strength training in young and older adults. Muscle & Nerve, *24*(4), 542–550.

Petrella, J. K., Kim, J. S., Tuggle, S. C., & Bamman, M. M. (2007). Contributions of force and velocity to improved power with progressive resistance training in young and older adults. European Journal of Applied Physiology, *99*(4), 343–351.

Reeves, N. D., Maganaris, C. N., Longo, S., & Narici, M. V. (2009). Differential adaptations to eccentric versus conventional resistance training in older humans. Experimental Physiology, *94*(7), 825–833.

Roth, S. M., Martel, G. F., Ivey, F. M., Lemmer, J. T., Metter, E. J., Hurley, B. F., & Rogers, M. A. (2000). High-volume, heavy-resistance strength training and muscle damage in young and older women. Journal of Applied Physiology, *88*(3), 1112–1118.

Sale, D., McComas, A. J., MacDougall, J. D., & Upton, A. R. M. (1982). Neuromuscular adaptation in human thenar muscles following strength training and immobilization. Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology, *53*(2), 419–424.

Sale, D. G., Upton, A. R. M., McComas, A. J., & MacDougall, J. D. (1983). Neuromuscular function in weight-trainers. Experimental Neurology, *82*(3), 521–531.

Shields, J. E., Smith, C. M., Reese, S. M., Dos Santos, M. L., Parodi, M., & DeFreitas, J. M. (2025). An exercise intervention may counteract the degradation of nerve conduction from age-related disuse. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, *57*(10), 2101–2107.

Sleivert, G. G., Backus, R. D., & Wenger, H. A. (1995). The influence of a strength-sprint training sequence on multi-joint power output. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, *27*(12), 1655–1665.

Slivka, D., Raue, U., Hollon, C., Minchev, K., & Trappe, S. (2008). Single muscle fiber adaptations to resistance training in old (>80 yr) men: Evidence for limited skeletal muscle plasticity. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, *295*(1), R273–R280.

Verdú, E., Ceballos, D., Vilches, J. J., & Navarro, X. (2000). Influence of aging on peripheral nerve function and regeneration. Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System, *5*(4), 191–208.

Vincent, H. K., Bourguignon, C. M., & Vincent, K. R. (2006). Resistance training lowers exercise-induced oxidative stress and homocysteine levels in overweight and obese older adults. Obesity, *14*(11), 1921–1930.

Wang, F. C., De Pasqua, V., & Delwaide, P. J. (1999). Age-related changes in fastest and slowest conducting axons of thenar motor units. Muscle & Nerve, *22*(8), 1022–1029.

Ward, R. E., Caserotti, P., Cauley, J. A., Boudreau, R. M., Goodpaster, B. H., Vinik, A. I., Harris, T. B., & Newman, A. B. (2016). Mobility-related consequences of reduced lower-extremity peripheral nerve function with age: A systematic review. Aging and Disease, *7*(4), 466–478.

Yarasheski, K. E. (2002). Managing sarcopenia with progressive resistance exercise training. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, *6*(5), 349–356.