Acil Hava Yolu Girişimleri-II Zor Hava Yolunda Girişimler, Trakeotomi, USG Yardımı
Özet
Zor hava yolu, acil veya elektif durumlarda, hava yolu güvenliğini riske atan mortalite ve morbidite oranını artıran kritik bir klinik durumdur. Özellikle acil vakalarda hava yolunu güvence altına alacak yöntemin hızlı ve doğru bir şekilde belirlenmesi hayati derecede önemlidir. Entübasyon yöntemlerinin uygulanamayacağı belirlenen veya girişimin başarısız olduğu acil durumda en kısa sürede perkütan/açık cerrahi girişimlerden biri tercih edilmelidir. Bu yöntemlerden biri olan krikotirotomi, krikotiroid membran üzerinden iğne/cerrahi ile hızlıca hava yolunun sağlanması işlemidir. Acil trakeotomide ise genellikle 2. ve 3. trakeal halkalar arasından perkütan/açık cerrahi olarak hava yolu açılır. Bu bölümde konvansiyonel veya ultrasonografi eşliğinde yapılan krikotirotomi, açık cerrahi ve perkütan trakeotomi endikasyonları ile uygulama teknikleri güncel literatür eşliğinde ele alınacaktır.
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