Kapnometri, Kapnografi ve Yorumlanması
Özet
Kapnografi, ventile edilen havadaki karbondioksit konsantrasyonunu ölçerek hastanın ventilasyon durumu ve solunum fizyolojisi hakkında gerçek zamanlı, noninvaziv bilgi sağlayan bir izlem yöntemidir. Özellikle postoperatif dönem, opioid kullanımı ve oksijen desteği alan hastalarda oksijen satürasyonu düşmeden önce solunum depresyonunun tespitini mümkün kılarak hasta güvenliğini artırır. Bu bölümde CO₂ metabolizması ve kapnografinin fizyolojik temelleri detaylı şekilde ele alınmış; ana akım ve yan akım cihaz tipleri, klinik kullanım alanlarıyla birlikte incelenmiştir. Kapnogram dalga formlarının yorumu üzerinden; hava yolu obstrüksiyonu, hipoventilasyon, hiperventilasyon, kardiyak arrest, pulmoner emboli, diyabetik ketoasidoz ve malign hipertermi gibi çeşitli klinik durumların tanı ve prognostik süreçlerindeki önemi vurgulanmıştır. Ayrıca acil serviste işlem sırasında sedasyon ve resüsitasyon uygulamalarında kapnografinin kullanımına dair güncel bilgiler sunulmuştur. Bölüm genelinde, kapnografinin solunum yetersizliğini erken saptamada ve zamanında müdahale gereksinimini belirlemede kritik bir monitörizasyon aracı olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.
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