EKG Çekimi ve Yorumlama: İskemi ve Aritmiler
Özet
Elektrokardiyografi (EKG), kalbin elektriksel aktivitesini değerlendirmede hızlı, noninvaziv ve yaygın kullanılan temel bir tanı yöntemidir. Özellikle acil servis pratiğinde; göğüs ağrısı, çarpıntı, senkop, dispne ve bilinç değişikliği gibi semptomlarla başvuran hastalarda tanıya giden ilk basamaklardan biridir. Elektrotların anatomik referanslara uygun şekilde yerleştirilmesi hem artefakt oluşumunu önler hem de elde edilen bulguların güvenilirliğini artırır. EKG, akut koroner sendromlarda ST segment elevasyonu veya depresyonu, T dalgası inversiyonu ve patolojik Q dalgalarının saptanmasında kritik rol oynar. Bu değişikliklerin erken tanınması, primer perkütan girişim veya trombolitik tedavi gibi zaman duyarlı müdahalelerin hızlıca planlanmasını sağlar. Aritmilerin değerlendirilmesinde ise ritim düzeni, ventrikül hızı, P dalgası morfolojisi, PR ve QT aralıkları ile QRS genişliği dikkatle analiz edilmelidir. Atriyal fibrilasyon, ventriküler taşikardi, supraventriküler taşiaritmiler ve bradiaritmiler gibi birçok ritim bozukluğu, EKG ile dakikalar içinde tanımlanabilir. Seri EKG kayıtları, elektrofizyolojik değişikliklerin zamana bağlı seyrini göstermede değerlidir. Elektrokardiyografik bulguların, hastanın klinik durumu ile birlikte yorumlanması, acil müdahalelerde doğru ve etkili karar verme süreçlerini destekler.
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