İleri Yetişkinlik Dönemi Sosyoduygusal Gelişim
Özet
Bu bölüm, ileri yetişkinlik dönemini biyolojik gerilemeden ziyade psikososyal olgunlaşma, anlam üretimi ve toplumsal bağlılık süreci olarak ele alır. Gelişim kuramları, bu dönemde bireylerin yaşam öykülerini yeniden anlamlandırarak içsel bütünlük, bilgelik ve duygusal denge kazandıklarını göstermektedir. Sosyoduygusal seçicilik, süreklilik, seçim–optimizasyon–telafi, yaşamı gözden geçirme ve bilgelik kuramları, yaşlı bireylerin ilişkilerini, amaçlarını ve kimliklerini yeniden yapılandırma biçimlerini açıklar. Bölümde ayrıca benlik ve toplumsal kimlik süreçleri, yaşlı bireylerin aile içindeki rollerinin yeniden tanımlanması ve kuşaklararası ilişkilerin anlamı ele alınmaktadır. Son kısımda ise ölüm ve yas süreçleri, yaşlılıkta kayıp deneyimleri ve manevi başa çıkma mekanizmaları üzerinde durulur. Manevi pratikler, kültürel ritüeller ve sosyal destek, yaşlı bireylerin yas sürecinde duygusal dengeyi korumalarına yardımcı olur. Ölüm, bu çerçevede yalnızca bir son değil; yaşamın anlamını yeniden kurma fırsatı olarak değerlendirilir. İleri yetişkinlik dönemi böylece kimlik sürekliliği, anlam üretimi, bilgelik ve ruhsal olgunluğun ön plana çıktığı bir gelişim evresi olarak sunulmaktadır.
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