Yutma Bozukluklarının Değerlendirilmesi ve Rehabilitasyonu
Özet
Yutma insan yaşamının en temel ve hayati fonksiyonlarından biri olma özelliği gösterir. Sağlıklı bir kişide günde yüzlerce kez farkına varmaksızın gerçekleştirilen bu otomatikleşmiş süreç, altta yatan bir patoloji nedeniyle bozulduğunda, disfaji olarak adlandırılan yutma güçlüğü tablosu ortaya çıkar. Yutma güçlüğü yüksek morbidite ve mortalite nedeni olarak karşımıza çıkmasına rağmen klinisyenler tarafından yeterince dikkate alınmamaktadır. Sosyal ve psikolojik etkilerinin yanı sıra malnutrisyon, dehidratasyon, aspirasyona bağlı pnömoni gibi problemlere neden olabilir (1). Yutma güçlünün değerlendirilmesi ve rehabilitasyonu kulak burun boğaz hekimleri, nörologlar, gastroenterologlar, fiziksel tıp ve rehabilitasyon hekimleri, dil ve konuşma terapistleri, fizyoterapistler, diyetisyenler ve hemşireleri içeren multidisipliner bir yaklaşım gerektirir. Bu bölümün amacı; yutma fonksiyonunun normal anatomik ve fizyolojik temellerinden başlayarak, disfajinin tanımı, epidemiyolojisi ve etyolojisini ele almak ve ardından güncel değerlendirme yöntemlerini detaylandırmak son olarak da rehabilitasyon süreçlerini kapsamlı ve akademik bir perspektifle sunmaktır.
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