Efüzyonlu Otitis Media
Özet
Efüzyonlu otitis media (EOM), akut enfeksiyon bulgusu olmaksızın orta kulakta sıvı birikimiyle karakterizedir ve çocukluk çağında işitme kaybının en sık nedenlerinden biridir. Genellikle 1–6 yaş arasında görülür ve temel nedenler arasında Östaki tüpü disfonksiyonu, kronik inflamasyon, bakteriyel biyofilm oluşumu ve mukosilier temizlenme bozukluğu yer alır. Klinik olarak iletim tipi işitme kaybı, kulakta dolgunluk hissi ve konuşma gelişiminde gecikme ile seyreder. Tanıda otoskopi, pnömatik otoskopi, timpanometri ve odyometri gibi objektif yöntemler kullanılır. Hafif olgular kendiliğinden düzelebilse de, üç aydan uzun süren ya da belirgin işitme kaybı bulunan hastalarda ventilasyon tüpü uygulaması ve adenoidektomi temel tedavi seçenekleridir. Östaki tüpü balon dilatasyonu ve probiyotik destekli yaklaşımlar yeni ve minimal invaziv alternatifler olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Erken tanı ve bireyselleştirilmiş tedavi planlaması, EOM’un çocukların bilişsel, dilsel ve sosyal gelişimi üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini azaltmada kilit rol oynar.
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