Nörodejeneratif Hastalıklarda Metallotiyoneinlerin Rolü ve Terapötik Potansiyeli
Özet
Metallotiyoneinler, nörodejeneratif hastalıkların patofizyolojik mekanizmalarında yer alan metal homeostazı, oksidatif stres ve nöroinflamasyon süreçlerinin düzenlenmesinde kritik öneme sahiptir. Alzheimer hastalığı, Parkinson hastalığı ve Amyotrofik Lateral Skleroz (ALS) gibi bozukluklarda metal iyon dengesinin bozulması; reaktif oksijen türlerinin artışı, protein agregasyonu ve mitokondriyal disfonksiyonla ilişkili nöronal hasarı tetiklemektedir. Metallotiyoneinler metal iyonlarını bağlama, redoks homeostazını koruma, oksidatif stres kaynaklı hasarı azaltma ve inflamatuvar yanıtı düzenleme özellikleriyle nöroprotektif etkiler göstermektedir. Ayrıca sinaptik bütünlüğün ve mitokondriyal fonksiyonların korunmasında önemli rol oynamaktadır. Güncel araştırmalar, metallotiyoneinlerin hem moleküler düzeyde düzenleyici işlevleri hem de potansiyel terapötik hedef olarak değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir. Bu kapsamda metallotiyonein temelli stratejilerin nörodejeneratif hastalıklarda hastalık ilerleyişini yavaşlatma ve hücresel düzeyde nöronal koruma sağlamada umut vadettiği düşünülmektedir.
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