Gökyüzünde Küreselleşme: Rekabetten Stratejik Havayolu İşbirliklerine
Özet
Referanslar
ACI EUROPE. (2013). Position paper: Airport capacity. Brussels: Airports Council International – Europe.
Air France. (2025). Istanbul flights. 25 Ağustos 2025 tarihinde https://wwws.airfrance.com.tr/ adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
Air Transport Action Group (ATAG). (2017). Aviation: Benefits Beyond Borders 2017. (pdf). ATAG. 25 Ağustos 2025 tarihinde, https://aviationbenefits.org/ adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
Akar, P. G., Manga, M., & Bal, H. (2019). Havayolu taşımacılığında liberalizasyon ve ekonomik büyüme arasında nedensellik ilişkisi: Türkiye örneği. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(3), 1160-1174.
Alkharafi, N., & Alsabah, M. (2025). Globalization: An overview of its main characteristics and types, and an exploration of its impacts on individuals, firms, and nations. Economie, 13(4), 91.
Austrian Airlines. (2025). Flights to Istanbul. 19 Ağustos 2025 tarihinde https://www.austrian.com/ adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
Baldwin, R. (2016). The great convergence: Information technology and the new globalization. Harvard University Press.
Balcı, A. (2006). Roland Robertson, küreselleşme ve kültür. Bilgi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (1), 25-37.
Baxter, G., & Srisaeng, P. (2018). Cooperating to compete in the global air cargo industry: The case of the DHL express and lufthansa cargo ag joint venture airline ‘AeroLogic’. Infrastructures, 3(1), 7.
Belobaba, P., Odoni, A., & Barnhart, C. (Eds.). (2015). The global airline industry (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.
Bowen, J. (2010). The economic geography of air transportation: Space, time, and the freedom of the sky. Routledge.
Brueckner, J. K. (2003). International airfares in the age of alliances: The effects of codesharing and antitrust immunity. Review of Economics and Statistics, 85(1), 105–118.
Brueckner, J. K., & Whalen, W. T. (2000). The price effects of international airline alliances. Journal of Law and Economics, 43(2), 503–545.
British Airways. (2025). Istanbul flights. 18 Ağustos 2025 tarihinde https://www.britishairways.com/ adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
Canadian Transportation Agency (CTA). (2021). Code-share arrangements: A guide. https://otc-cta.gc.ca
Castells, M. (2011). The rise of the network society. Wıley-Blackwell Publication, Chichester: UK
Cento, A. (2009). The airline industry: challenges in the 21st century. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD.
Chen, Y. H., & Lin, J. J. (2021). Determinants of flight delays at East Asian airports from an airport, route and network perspective. Journal of Air Transport Management, 94, 102064.
Denton, G., & Dennis, N. (2000). Airline franchising in Europe: Benefits and disbenefits to airlines and consumers. Journal of Air Transport Management, 6(4), 179–190.
Doganis, R. (2019). Flying off course: Airline economics and marketing (6th ed.). Routledge.
Douglas, I., & Tan, D. (2017). Global airline alliances and profitability: A difference-in-difference analysis. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 103, 432-443.
Dunning, J. H., & Lundan, S. M. (2008). Multinational enterprises and the global economy. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Esin, M., & Düzgün, M. (2021). Küreselleşme sürecinin havayolları işletmeleri üzerine etkisi ve sonuçları. Uluslararası Hukuk ve Sosyal Bilim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 19-35.
Findlay, R., & O’Rourke, K. H. (2007). Power and plenty: Trade, war, and the world economy in the second millennium. Princeton University Press.
Gerede, E. (2002). Havayolu taşımacılığında küreselleşme ve işbirlikleri. Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları.
Giddens, A. (1990). The consequences of modernity. Polity Press.
Goh, K., & Uncles, M. (2003). The benefits of airline global alliances: An empirical assessment of the perceptions of business travelers. Transportation Research Part A, 37(6), 479–497.
Göv, S. A. (2020). Strategic Alliances in Airline Business: Comparision of Skyteam, Oneworld, Star Alliance Groups. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 18(38), 815-837.
Gudmundsson, S. V. (2019). Airline alliances and cooperation strategies. In L. N. (Ed.), Airline economics (pp. 245–265). Springer.
Hanlon, P. (2006). Global airlines. Routledge.Held, D., & McGrew, A. (2007). Globalization/anti-globalization: Beyond the great divide (2nd ed.). Polity.
Held, D., McGrew, A., Goldblatt, D., & Perraton, J. (1999). Global transformations: Politics, economics and culture. In Politics at the edge: The PSA yearbook 1999 (pp. 14-28). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Iatrou, K., & Alamdari, F. (2005). The empirical analysis of the impact of alliances on airline operations. Journal of Air Transport Management, 11(3), 127-134.
Iatrou, K., & Oretti, M. (2016). Airline choices for the future: from alliances to mergers. Routledge.
Kanbur, E., & Karakavuz, H. (2017). Stratejik yönetim kapsamında küresel havayolu işbirliklerinin swot analizi. Journal of Aviation, 1(2), 74-86.
Keohane, R. O., & Nye, J. S., Jr. (2000). Globalization: What’s new? What’s not? (and so what?). Foreign Policy, 118, 104–119.
Kleymann, B., & Seristö, H. (2017). Managing strategic airline alliances. Routledge.
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines. (2025a). Flights to Istanbul (IST). Erişim: 22 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.klm.com/
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines. (2025b). Tickets from Istanbul. Erişim: 22 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.klm.com/
Lufthansa. (2025). Flights to Turkey / Istanbul. Erişim: 14 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.lufthansa.com/
MEA – Middle East Airlines. (2025). Destinations: Istanbul. Erişim: 11 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.mea.com.lb/
Morrell, P. S. (2021). Airline finance. Routledge.
Nistor, C. (2007). Positive and negative effects of globalization. Universitatii Bucuresti. Analele. Seria Stiinte Economice si Administrative, 1, 152.
OECD. (2014). Competition issues in international air transport (DAF/COMP/WD(2014)77). OECD Publishing.
OECD/International Transport Forum (ITF). (2017). Airport capacity constraints: A global perspective. OECD Publishing.
Oman Air. (2025). Istanbul (IST) – Muscat (MCT) flights. Erişim: 27 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.omanair.com/
oneworld. (2009). Milestones. Erişim: 09 Temmuz 2025, from https://www.oneworld.com/milestones
oneworld. (2025a). Member airlines. Erişim: 09 Temmuz 2025, from https://www.oneworld.com/members
oneworld. (2025b). Paradise found: oneworld welcomes Fiji Airways to global alliance (News, 31 Mar 2025). Erişim: 15 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.oneworld.com/
oneworld. (2025c). Oman Air joins oneworld alliance (News, 30 Jun 2025). Erişim: 15 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.oneworld.com/
O'Rourke, K. H., & Williamson, J. G. (2001). Globalization and history: the evolution of a nineteenth-century Atlantic economy. MIT press.
Oum, T. H., & Zhang, A. (2001). Key aspects of global strategic alliances and the impacts on the future of Canadian airline industry. Journal of Air Transport Management, 7(5), 287-301.
Oum, T. H., Yu, C., & Zhang, A. (2001). Global airline alliances: international regulatory issues. Journal of Air Transport Management, 7(1), 57-62.
Pagliari, R. (2003). The impact of airline franchising on air service provision in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland. Journal of Transport Geography, 11(2), 117-129.
Park, J. H., & Zhang, A. (2000). An empirical analysis of global airline alliances: cases in North Atlantic markets. Review of industrial organization, 16(4), 367-384.
Pearce, B. (2012). The state of air transport markets and the airline industry after the great recession. Journal of Air Transport Management, 21, 3-9.
Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE). (2018). What is globalization? Erişim: 03 Temmuz 2025, from https://www.piie.com/microsites/globalization/
Qatar Airways. (2025). Istanbul flights. Erişim: 28 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.qatarairways.com/
Robertson, R. (1992). Globalization: Social theory and global culture. Sage.
Robertson, R. (1995). Glocalization: Time–space and homogeneity–heterogeneity. In M. Featherstone, S. Lash, & R. Robertson (Eds.), Global modernities (pp. 25–44). Sage.
Rodrik, D. (2011). The globalization paradox: Democracy and the future of the world economy. W. W. Norton & Company.
Royal Air Maroc. (2025a). Flights from Istanbul to Casablanca (IST–CMN). Erişim: 07 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.royalairmaroc.com/
Royal Air Maroc. (2025b). Flights from Istanbul. Erişim: 07 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.royalairmaroc.com/
Royal Jordanian. (2025). Istanbul flights. Erişim: 05 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.rj.com/
Saudia. (2025). Destinations & routes (Istanbul/Sabiha). Erişim: 06 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.saudia.com/
Sarılgan, A. E. (2007). Bölgesel havayolu taşımacılığı ve Türkiye'de bölgesel havayolu taşımacılığının geliştirilmesi için yapılması gerekenler (Doctoral dissertation), Anadolu University (Turkey)).
Scholte, J. A. (2017). Globalization: A critical introduction. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Sivil Havacılık Genel Müdürlüğü (SHGM). (2015). Havayolu taşımacılığı ve ekonomik düzenlemeler: Teori ve Türkiye uygulaması. SHGM Yayınları.
SkyTeam. (2024a). SAS joins SkyTeam (Press release, 31 Oct 2024). Erişim: 01 Temmuz 2025, from https://www.skyteam.com/
SkyTeam. (2024b). ITA Airways exits SkyTeam (Press release, 5 Oct 2024). Erişim: 01 Temmuz 2025, from https://www.skyteam.com/
SkyTeam. (2025a). About / Our members & facts & figures. Erişim: 12 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.skyteam.com/en/about/
Steger, M. B. (2020). Globalization: A very short introduction. Oxford University Press.
Star Alliance. (2023). Star Alliance names Theo Panagiotoulias as new CEO (News, 5–6 Jun 2023). Erişim: 02 Temmuz 2025, from https://www.staralliance.com/
Star Alliance. (2024a). Star Alliance named the World’s Best Airline Alliance at the 2024/2025 Skytrax Awards. Erişim: 02 Temmuz 2025, from https://www.staralliance.com/
Star Alliance. (2025a). About Star Alliance. Erişim: 10 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.staralliance.com/en/about
Star Alliance. (2025b). Members. Erişim: 10 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.staralliance.com/en/members
Star Alliance. (2025c). History. Erişim: 10 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.staralliance.com/en/history
Stiglitz, J. E. (2017). Globalization and its discontents. W. W. Norton & Company.
Taneja, N. K. (2017). Driving airline business strategies through emerging technology. Routledge.
TAROM. (2025). Bucharest–Istanbul flights. Erişim: 08 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.tarom.ro/
Tomlinson, J. (1999). Globalization and culture. University of Chicago Press.
Turkish Airlines. (2025a). Miles&Smiles — Program partners (Star Alliance & airlines). Erişim: 20 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.turkishairlines.com/
Turkish Airlines. (2025b). Codeshare flights — Information page. Erişim: 20 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.turkishairlines.com/
Turkish Airlines. (2025c). United Airlines — Miles&Smiles partner page. Erişim: 20 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.turkishairlines.com/
U.S. Department of State. (2010). Air transport agreement between the United States and the European Union. Erişim: 04 Temmuz 2025, from https://2009-2017.state.gov/
U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT). (2010a). Order 2010-7-8 (Antitrust immunity for AA–BA–IB). Erişim: 04 Temmuz 2025, from https://www.transportation.gov/
U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT). (2010b). Order 2010-2-8 (Antitrust immunity for DL–AF/KL–AZ). Erişim: 04 Temmuz 2025, from https://www.transportation.gov/
U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT). (2023). 14 CFR Part 257 – Disclosure of code-sharing arrangements. Erişim: 29 Temmuz 2025, from https://www.ecfr.gov/
United Airlines. (2025). Destinations — Istanbul. Erişim: 23 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.united.com/
Wild, J. J., Wild, K. L., & Han, J. C. (2003). International business (p. 342). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Referanslar
ACI EUROPE. (2013). Position paper: Airport capacity. Brussels: Airports Council International – Europe.
Air France. (2025). Istanbul flights. 25 Ağustos 2025 tarihinde https://wwws.airfrance.com.tr/ adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
Air Transport Action Group (ATAG). (2017). Aviation: Benefits Beyond Borders 2017. (pdf). ATAG. 25 Ağustos 2025 tarihinde, https://aviationbenefits.org/ adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
Akar, P. G., Manga, M., & Bal, H. (2019). Havayolu taşımacılığında liberalizasyon ve ekonomik büyüme arasında nedensellik ilişkisi: Türkiye örneği. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(3), 1160-1174.
Alkharafi, N., & Alsabah, M. (2025). Globalization: An overview of its main characteristics and types, and an exploration of its impacts on individuals, firms, and nations. Economie, 13(4), 91.
Austrian Airlines. (2025). Flights to Istanbul. 19 Ağustos 2025 tarihinde https://www.austrian.com/ adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
Baldwin, R. (2016). The great convergence: Information technology and the new globalization. Harvard University Press.
Balcı, A. (2006). Roland Robertson, küreselleşme ve kültür. Bilgi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (1), 25-37.
Baxter, G., & Srisaeng, P. (2018). Cooperating to compete in the global air cargo industry: The case of the DHL express and lufthansa cargo ag joint venture airline ‘AeroLogic’. Infrastructures, 3(1), 7.
Belobaba, P., Odoni, A., & Barnhart, C. (Eds.). (2015). The global airline industry (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.
Bowen, J. (2010). The economic geography of air transportation: Space, time, and the freedom of the sky. Routledge.
Brueckner, J. K. (2003). International airfares in the age of alliances: The effects of codesharing and antitrust immunity. Review of Economics and Statistics, 85(1), 105–118.
Brueckner, J. K., & Whalen, W. T. (2000). The price effects of international airline alliances. Journal of Law and Economics, 43(2), 503–545.
British Airways. (2025). Istanbul flights. 18 Ağustos 2025 tarihinde https://www.britishairways.com/ adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
Canadian Transportation Agency (CTA). (2021). Code-share arrangements: A guide. https://otc-cta.gc.ca
Castells, M. (2011). The rise of the network society. Wıley-Blackwell Publication, Chichester: UK
Cento, A. (2009). The airline industry: challenges in the 21st century. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD.
Chen, Y. H., & Lin, J. J. (2021). Determinants of flight delays at East Asian airports from an airport, route and network perspective. Journal of Air Transport Management, 94, 102064.
Denton, G., & Dennis, N. (2000). Airline franchising in Europe: Benefits and disbenefits to airlines and consumers. Journal of Air Transport Management, 6(4), 179–190.
Doganis, R. (2019). Flying off course: Airline economics and marketing (6th ed.). Routledge.
Douglas, I., & Tan, D. (2017). Global airline alliances and profitability: A difference-in-difference analysis. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 103, 432-443.
Dunning, J. H., & Lundan, S. M. (2008). Multinational enterprises and the global economy. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Esin, M., & Düzgün, M. (2021). Küreselleşme sürecinin havayolları işletmeleri üzerine etkisi ve sonuçları. Uluslararası Hukuk ve Sosyal Bilim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 19-35.
Findlay, R., & O’Rourke, K. H. (2007). Power and plenty: Trade, war, and the world economy in the second millennium. Princeton University Press.
Gerede, E. (2002). Havayolu taşımacılığında küreselleşme ve işbirlikleri. Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları.
Giddens, A. (1990). The consequences of modernity. Polity Press.
Goh, K., & Uncles, M. (2003). The benefits of airline global alliances: An empirical assessment of the perceptions of business travelers. Transportation Research Part A, 37(6), 479–497.
Göv, S. A. (2020). Strategic Alliances in Airline Business: Comparision of Skyteam, Oneworld, Star Alliance Groups. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 18(38), 815-837.
Gudmundsson, S. V. (2019). Airline alliances and cooperation strategies. In L. N. (Ed.), Airline economics (pp. 245–265). Springer.
Hanlon, P. (2006). Global airlines. Routledge.Held, D., & McGrew, A. (2007). Globalization/anti-globalization: Beyond the great divide (2nd ed.). Polity.
Held, D., McGrew, A., Goldblatt, D., & Perraton, J. (1999). Global transformations: Politics, economics and culture. In Politics at the edge: The PSA yearbook 1999 (pp. 14-28). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Iatrou, K., & Alamdari, F. (2005). The empirical analysis of the impact of alliances on airline operations. Journal of Air Transport Management, 11(3), 127-134.
Iatrou, K., & Oretti, M. (2016). Airline choices for the future: from alliances to mergers. Routledge.
Kanbur, E., & Karakavuz, H. (2017). Stratejik yönetim kapsamında küresel havayolu işbirliklerinin swot analizi. Journal of Aviation, 1(2), 74-86.
Keohane, R. O., & Nye, J. S., Jr. (2000). Globalization: What’s new? What’s not? (and so what?). Foreign Policy, 118, 104–119.
Kleymann, B., & Seristö, H. (2017). Managing strategic airline alliances. Routledge.
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines. (2025a). Flights to Istanbul (IST). Erişim: 22 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.klm.com/
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines. (2025b). Tickets from Istanbul. Erişim: 22 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.klm.com/
Lufthansa. (2025). Flights to Turkey / Istanbul. Erişim: 14 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.lufthansa.com/
MEA – Middle East Airlines. (2025). Destinations: Istanbul. Erişim: 11 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.mea.com.lb/
Morrell, P. S. (2021). Airline finance. Routledge.
Nistor, C. (2007). Positive and negative effects of globalization. Universitatii Bucuresti. Analele. Seria Stiinte Economice si Administrative, 1, 152.
OECD. (2014). Competition issues in international air transport (DAF/COMP/WD(2014)77). OECD Publishing.
OECD/International Transport Forum (ITF). (2017). Airport capacity constraints: A global perspective. OECD Publishing.
Oman Air. (2025). Istanbul (IST) – Muscat (MCT) flights. Erişim: 27 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.omanair.com/
oneworld. (2009). Milestones. Erişim: 09 Temmuz 2025, from https://www.oneworld.com/milestones
oneworld. (2025a). Member airlines. Erişim: 09 Temmuz 2025, from https://www.oneworld.com/members
oneworld. (2025b). Paradise found: oneworld welcomes Fiji Airways to global alliance (News, 31 Mar 2025). Erişim: 15 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.oneworld.com/
oneworld. (2025c). Oman Air joins oneworld alliance (News, 30 Jun 2025). Erişim: 15 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.oneworld.com/
O'Rourke, K. H., & Williamson, J. G. (2001). Globalization and history: the evolution of a nineteenth-century Atlantic economy. MIT press.
Oum, T. H., & Zhang, A. (2001). Key aspects of global strategic alliances and the impacts on the future of Canadian airline industry. Journal of Air Transport Management, 7(5), 287-301.
Oum, T. H., Yu, C., & Zhang, A. (2001). Global airline alliances: international regulatory issues. Journal of Air Transport Management, 7(1), 57-62.
Pagliari, R. (2003). The impact of airline franchising on air service provision in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland. Journal of Transport Geography, 11(2), 117-129.
Park, J. H., & Zhang, A. (2000). An empirical analysis of global airline alliances: cases in North Atlantic markets. Review of industrial organization, 16(4), 367-384.
Pearce, B. (2012). The state of air transport markets and the airline industry after the great recession. Journal of Air Transport Management, 21, 3-9.
Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE). (2018). What is globalization? Erişim: 03 Temmuz 2025, from https://www.piie.com/microsites/globalization/
Qatar Airways. (2025). Istanbul flights. Erişim: 28 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.qatarairways.com/
Robertson, R. (1992). Globalization: Social theory and global culture. Sage.
Robertson, R. (1995). Glocalization: Time–space and homogeneity–heterogeneity. In M. Featherstone, S. Lash, & R. Robertson (Eds.), Global modernities (pp. 25–44). Sage.
Rodrik, D. (2011). The globalization paradox: Democracy and the future of the world economy. W. W. Norton & Company.
Royal Air Maroc. (2025a). Flights from Istanbul to Casablanca (IST–CMN). Erişim: 07 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.royalairmaroc.com/
Royal Air Maroc. (2025b). Flights from Istanbul. Erişim: 07 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.royalairmaroc.com/
Royal Jordanian. (2025). Istanbul flights. Erişim: 05 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.rj.com/
Saudia. (2025). Destinations & routes (Istanbul/Sabiha). Erişim: 06 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.saudia.com/
Sarılgan, A. E. (2007). Bölgesel havayolu taşımacılığı ve Türkiye'de bölgesel havayolu taşımacılığının geliştirilmesi için yapılması gerekenler (Doctoral dissertation), Anadolu University (Turkey)).
Scholte, J. A. (2017). Globalization: A critical introduction. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Sivil Havacılık Genel Müdürlüğü (SHGM). (2015). Havayolu taşımacılığı ve ekonomik düzenlemeler: Teori ve Türkiye uygulaması. SHGM Yayınları.
SkyTeam. (2024a). SAS joins SkyTeam (Press release, 31 Oct 2024). Erişim: 01 Temmuz 2025, from https://www.skyteam.com/
SkyTeam. (2024b). ITA Airways exits SkyTeam (Press release, 5 Oct 2024). Erişim: 01 Temmuz 2025, from https://www.skyteam.com/
SkyTeam. (2025a). About / Our members & facts & figures. Erişim: 12 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.skyteam.com/en/about/
Steger, M. B. (2020). Globalization: A very short introduction. Oxford University Press.
Star Alliance. (2023). Star Alliance names Theo Panagiotoulias as new CEO (News, 5–6 Jun 2023). Erişim: 02 Temmuz 2025, from https://www.staralliance.com/
Star Alliance. (2024a). Star Alliance named the World’s Best Airline Alliance at the 2024/2025 Skytrax Awards. Erişim: 02 Temmuz 2025, from https://www.staralliance.com/
Star Alliance. (2025a). About Star Alliance. Erişim: 10 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.staralliance.com/en/about
Star Alliance. (2025b). Members. Erişim: 10 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.staralliance.com/en/members
Star Alliance. (2025c). History. Erişim: 10 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.staralliance.com/en/history
Stiglitz, J. E. (2017). Globalization and its discontents. W. W. Norton & Company.
Taneja, N. K. (2017). Driving airline business strategies through emerging technology. Routledge.
TAROM. (2025). Bucharest–Istanbul flights. Erişim: 08 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.tarom.ro/
Tomlinson, J. (1999). Globalization and culture. University of Chicago Press.
Turkish Airlines. (2025a). Miles&Smiles — Program partners (Star Alliance & airlines). Erişim: 20 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.turkishairlines.com/
Turkish Airlines. (2025b). Codeshare flights — Information page. Erişim: 20 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.turkishairlines.com/
Turkish Airlines. (2025c). United Airlines — Miles&Smiles partner page. Erişim: 20 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.turkishairlines.com/
U.S. Department of State. (2010). Air transport agreement between the United States and the European Union. Erişim: 04 Temmuz 2025, from https://2009-2017.state.gov/
U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT). (2010a). Order 2010-7-8 (Antitrust immunity for AA–BA–IB). Erişim: 04 Temmuz 2025, from https://www.transportation.gov/
U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT). (2010b). Order 2010-2-8 (Antitrust immunity for DL–AF/KL–AZ). Erişim: 04 Temmuz 2025, from https://www.transportation.gov/
U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT). (2023). 14 CFR Part 257 – Disclosure of code-sharing arrangements. Erişim: 29 Temmuz 2025, from https://www.ecfr.gov/
United Airlines. (2025). Destinations — Istanbul. Erişim: 23 Ağustos 2025, from https://www.united.com/
Wild, J. J., Wild, K. L., & Han, J. C. (2003). International business (p. 342). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
