Pestisit Maruziyeti ve İnsan Sağlığı Üzerindeki Toksik Etkileri

Özet

Referanslar

Cornish A, Raubenheimer D, McGreevy P. What We Know about the Public’s Level of Concern for Farm Animal Welfare in Food Production in Developed Countries. Animals. 2016;6(11):74. doi:10.3390/ani6110074

Tomlinson I. Doubling food production to feed the 9 billion: A critical perspective on a key discourse of food security in the UK. J Rural Stud. 2013;29:81–90. doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2011.09.001

Leaver JD. Global food supply: a challenge for sustainable agriculture. Nutr Bull. 2011;36(4):416–21. doi:10.1111/j.1467-3010.2011.01925.x

Storck V, Karpouzas DG, Martin-Laurent F. Towards a better pesticide policy for the European Union. Sci Total Environ. 2017;575:1027–33. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.167

Boz İ, Kılıç O. Türkiye’de Organik Tarımın Gelişmesi İçin Alınması Gereken Önlemler. Turk J Agric Res. 2021;8(3):390–400. doi:10.19159/tutad.980688

Dağ M, Akbay C. Sürdürülebilir Tarımsal Uygulamalar ile Küresel Gıda Krizine Karşı Alternatif Çözümler. Tarım Ekon Araştırmaları Derg. 2022;8(2):182–94.

Kılıç O, Aydın Eryılmaz G, Çakır S. Zonguldak İlinde Meyve Üreticilerinin Kimyasal Gübre ve İlaç Kullanımına Yönelik Çevresel Duyarlılıkları. Anadolu J Agr Sci. 2021;36:113–21. doi:10.7161/omuanajas.812575

Doğan FN, Karpuzcu ME. Current status of agricultural pesticide pollution in Turkey and evaluation of alternative control methods. Pamukkale Univ J Eng Sci. 2019;25(6):734–47. doi:10.5505/pajes.2018.53189

Özercan B, Taşcı R. Türkiye’de Pestisit Kullanımının İller, Bölgeler ve Pestisit Grupları Açısından İncelenmesi. Ziraat Mühendisliği. 2022;(375):75–88. doi:10.33724/zm.1120599

United Nations. World Population Prospects 2019 Highlights [Internet]. 2019. https://population.un.org/wpp/assets/Files/WPP2019_Highlights.pdf [Erişim tarihi: 20.08.2025]

USEPA. United States Environment Protection energy [Internet]. 2023. https://www.epa.gov/minimum-risk-pesticides/what-pesticide [Erişim tarihi: 20.08.2025]

Tiryaki O, Canhilal R, Horuz S. Tarım ilaçları kullanımı ve riskleri. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilim Derg. 2010;26(2):154–69.

FAO. Pesticides use and trade – 1990–2023. Rome: FAOSTAT Analytical Briefs, No. 109; 2025. doi:10.4060/cd5968en

Singh NS, Sharma R, Parween T, et al. Pesticide Contamination and Human Health Risk Factor. In: Modern Age Environmental Problems and their Remediation. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2018. p. 49–68. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64501-8_3

Alexoaei AP, Robu RG, Cojanu V, et al. Good Practices in Reforming the Common Agricultural Policy to Support the European Green Deal - A Perspective on the Consumption of Pesticides and Fertilizers. Amfiteatru Econ. 2022;24(60):525–45. doi:10.24818/EA/2022/60/525

Eurostat. Developments in organic farming [Internet]. 2024. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Developments_in_organic_farming [Erişim tarihi: 20.08.2025]

FAOSTAT. Pesticides Use [Internet]. 2025. https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/262b96c8-eef0-4810-9c23-d8639a5dbf1b [Erişim tarihi: 20.08.2025]

Yılmaz H, Düzenli A, Dağ MM. Dünya, Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri ve Türkiye’de Pestisit Kullanımı ve Yasal Düzenlemeler. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Derg. 2024;11(3):315–30. doi:10.19159/tutad.1536186

Ayyıldız M. Türkiye’de kimyasal pestisit kullanımının ekonomi ve çevre yönüyle değerlendirmesi. ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Derg. 2022;10(2):267–74. doi:10.33202/comuagri.1164293

Moebus S, Boedeker W. Case Fatality as an Indicator for the Human Toxicity of Pesticides—A Systematic Scoping Review on the Availability and Variability of Severity Indicators of Pesticide Poisoning. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(16):8307. doi:10.3390/ijerph18168307

Tang FHM, Lenzen M, McBratney A, et al. Risk of pesticide pollution at the global scale. Nat Geosci. 2021;14(4):206–10. doi:10.1038/s41561-021-00712-5

Tang Z, Wood J, Smith D, et al. A Review on Constructed Treatment Wetlands for Removal of Pollutants in the Agricultural Runoff. Sustainability. 2021;13(24):13578. doi:10.3390/su132413578

World Health Organization & International Programme on Chemical Safety. World Health Organization. 2010. The WHO recommended classification of pesticides by hazard and guidelines to classification 2009. [Internet] https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/44271 [Erişim tarihi:27.08.2025]

Erdoğan C. Türkiye’de ve Dünya’da Bitki Koruma Ürünlerinin Kullanımının Değerlendirilmesi ve Öneriler. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Derg. 2024;27(2):382–92. doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1402605

Greenpeace Türkiye. Greenpeace Türkiye’den “Pestisitler ve Çocuklar” Raporu: 155 ürünün yüzde 61’inde çoklu pestisit kalıntısı bulundu. [Internet]. 2025. https://www.greenpeace.org/turkey/basin-bultenleri/greenpeace-turkiyeden-pestisitler-ve-cocuklar-raporu-155-urunun-yuzde-61inde-coklu-pestisit-kalintisi-bulundu/ [Erişim tarihi:30.08.2025]

Şık B. Pestisitler ve Çocuklar-Çoklu Kalıntı, PFAS ve Gelişimsel Toksisite [Internet]. İstanbul; 2025. https://www.greenpeace.org/static/planet4-turkey-stateless/2025/04/39ff75cd-pestisitler-ve-cocuklar_2.pdf [Erişim tarihi:30.08.2025]

Carrasco Cabrera L, Di Piazza G, Dujardin B, et al. The 2023 European Union report on pesticide residues in food. EFSA Journal. 2025;23. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9398

Van Der Hoek W, Konradsen F, Athukorala K, et al. Pesticide poisoning: A major health problem in Sri Lanka. Soc Sci Med. 1998;46(4–5):495–504. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(97)00193-7

Konradsen F. Acute pesticide poisoning--a global public health problem. Dan Med Bull. 2007;54(1):58–9.

Rigotto RM, Vasconcelos DP e, Rocha MM. Pesticide use in Brazil and problems for public health. Cad Saude Publica. 2014;30(7):1360–2. doi:10.1590/0102-311XPE020714

Sonchieu J, Akono EN, Ngwamitang CT, et al. Heath risk among pesticide sellers in Bamenda (Cameroon) and peripheral areas. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2018;25(10):9454–60. doi:10.1007/s11356-018-1243-8

Damalas C, Koutroubas S. Farmers’ Exposure to Pesticides: Toxicity Types and Ways of Prevention. Toxics. 2016;4(1):1. doi:10.3390/toxics4010001

O’Malley M. Clinical evaluation of pesticide exposure and poisonings. Lancet. 1997;349(9059):1161–6. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(96)07222-4

Sapbamrer R, Nata S. Health symptoms related to pesticide exposure and agricultural tasks among rice farmers from northern Thailand. Environ Health Prev Med. 2014;19(1):12–20. doi:10.1007/s12199-013-0349-3

Dasgupta S, Meisner C, Wheeler D, et al. Pesticide poisoning of farm workers–implications of blood test results from Vietnam. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2007;210(2):121–32. doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2006.08.006

Kaur M, Sharma JK, Gill JP, et al. Determination of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Freshwater Fish Species in Punjab, India. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2008;80(2):154–7. doi:10.1007/s00128-007-9335-z

McKinlay R, Plant JA, Bell JNB, et al. Endocrine disrupting pesticides: Implications for risk assessment. Environ Int. 2008;34(2):168–83. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.07.013

Hashmi TA, Qureshi R, Tipre D, et al. Investigation of pesticide residues in water, sediments and fish samples from Tapi River, India as a case study and its forensic significance. Environ Forensics. 2020;21(1):1–10. doi:10.1080/15275922.2019.1693441

Cowie AM, Sarty KI, Mercer A, et al. Molecular networks related to the immune system and mitochondria are targets for the pesticide dieldrin in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) central nervous system. J Proteomics. 2017;157:71–82. doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2017.02.003

Mansour SA. Pesticide exposure—Egyptian scene. Toxicology. 2004;198(1–3):91–115. doi:10.1016/j.tox.2004.01.036

Liu B, Gao HM, Hong JS. Parkinson’s disease and exposure to infectious agents and pesticides and the occurrence of brain injuries: role of neuroinflammation. Environ Health Perspect. 2003;111(8):1065–73. doi:10.1289/ehp.6361

Reynolds P, Hurley SE, Gunier RB, et al. Residential Proximity to Agricultural Pesticide Use and Incidence of Breast Cancer in California, 1988–1997. Environ Health Perspect. 2005;113(8):993–1000. doi:10.1289/ehp.7765

Kalyabina VP, Esimbekova EN, Kopylova KV, et al. Pesticides: formulants, distribution pathways and effects on human health – a review. Toxicol Reports. 2021;8:1179–92. doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.06.004

Mao YC, Hung DZ, Wu ML, et al. Acute human Glufosinate-containing herbicide poisoning. Clin Toxicol. 2012;50(5):396–402. doi:10.3109/15563650.2012.676646

Requena M, López-Villén A, Hernández AF, et al. Environmental exposure to pesticides and risk of thyroid diseases. Toxicol Lett. 2019;315:55–63. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.08.017

Bernieri T, Rodrigues D, Barbosa IR, et al. Occupational exposure to pesticides and thyroid function in Brazilian soybean farmers. Chemosphere. 2019;218:425–9. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.124

Thompson S, Ritz B, Cockburn M, et al. Prenatal ambient pesticide exposure and childhood retinoblastoma. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2022;245:114025. doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114025

Rachna, Singh MP, Goswami S, et al. Pesticide pollution: toxicity, sources and advanced remediation approaches. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2024;31(56):64385–418. doi:10.1007/s11356-024-35502-0

Wang A, Costello S, Cockburn M, et al. Parkinson’s disease risk from ambient exposure to pesticides. Eur J Epidemiol. 2011;26(7):547–55. doi:10.1007/s10654-011-9574-5

Zhao KX, Zhang MY, Yang D, et al. Screening of pesticides in serum, urine and cerebrospinal fluid collected from an urban population in China. J Hazard Mater. 2023;449:131002. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131002

Tabet E, Genet V, Tiaho F, et al. Chlordecone potentiates hepatic fibrosis in chronic liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice. Toxicol Lett. 2016;255:1–10. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.02.005

Du H, Wang M, Wang L, et al. Reproductive Toxicity of Endosulfan: Implication From Germ Cell Apoptosis Modulated by Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Genotoxic Response Genes in Caenorhabditis elegans. Toxicol Sci. 2015;145(1):118–27. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfv035

Petrelli G, Mantovani A. Environmental risk factors and male fertility and reproduction. Contraception. 2002;65(4):297–300. doi:10.1016/S0010-7824(02)00298-6

Dar MA, Hamid B, Kaushik G. Temporal trends in the use and concentration of organophosphorus pesticides in Indian riverine water, toxicity, and their risk assessment. Reg Stud Mar Sci. 2023;59:102814. doi:10.1016/j.rsma.2023.102814

Mishra S, Zhang W, Lin Z, et al. Carbofuran toxicity and its microbial degradation in contaminated environments. Chemosphere. 2020;259:127419. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127419

Kaur B, Khera A, Sandhir R. Attenuation of cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms in kidney of rats intoxicated with carbofuran. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2012;26(10):393–8. doi:10.1002/jbt.21433

Tomer V, Sangha JK, Ramya HG. Pesticide: An Appraisal on Human Health Implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci India Sect B Biol Sci. 2015;85(2):451–63. doi:10.1007/s40011-014-0388-6

Bouchard MF, Bellinger DC, Wright RO, et al. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Urinary Metabolites of Organophosphate Pesticides. Pediatrics. 2010;125(6):e1270–7. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-3058

Bouchard MF, Chevrier J, Harley KG, et al. Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticides and IQ in 7-Year-Old Children. Environ Health Perspect. 2011;119(8):1189–95. doi:10.1289/ehp.1003185

Young JG, Eskenazi B, Gladstone EA, et al. Association Between In Utero Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure and Abnormal Reflexes in Neonates. Neurotoxicology. 2005;26(2):199–209. doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2004.10.004

Coats JR. Mechanisms of toxic action and structure-activity relationships for organochlorine and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. Environ Health Perspect. 1990;87:255–62. doi:10.1289/ehp.9087255

Saillenfait AM, Ndiaye D, Sabaté JP. Pyrethroids: Exposure and health effects – An update. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2015;218(3):281–92. doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.01.002

İndir

Gelecek

30 Ekim 2025

Lisans

Lisans