Et Ürünlerinde Antimikrobiyal Direnç: Gıda Güvenliği ve Halk Sağlığı Boyutu
Özet
Bu kitap bölümünde, et üretim zincirine antimikrobiyal dirençteki (AMR) temel eğilimleri, bunların halk sağlığı ve diğer alanlardaki sonuçlarını; AMR’nin ortaya çıkışı, yayılımı ve mekanizmalarına ilişkin güncel bilgileri; ayrıca gıda zinciri aracılığıyla direnç gelişiminin olası yolları ve gıdanın antibiyotik dirençli bakteriler için bir vektör olarak rolüne dair mevcut ilerlemelerin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, gıda üretim hayvanlarında (FPA) ve et endüstrisinde AMR’nin gelişimi, seçilimi ve yayılımının önlenmesi ve kontrolüne yönelik başlıca yaklaşımlar; FPA’lardaki bakteriyel AMR; direnç gösteren en önemli ve tehlikeli patojenler; et ve et ürünleri aracılığıyla bulaşma yolları; AMR mikroorganizmalarının neden olduğu enfeksiyonların önlenmesine yönelik stratejiler ve son dönemde et üretimi ve işlenmesinde uygulanan AMR izleme ve değerlendirme programları ele alınmıştır. Bu kapsamda, mevcut durumu değerlendiren çeşitli araştırma sonuçları ile ilham verici ve yol gösterici nitelikteki derlemeler incelenmiştir. AMR’nin farklı ekosistem ve üretim ortamlarındaki güncel durumunun, disiplinlerarası bir bakış açısı sunan “Tek Sağlık” yaklaşımı çerçevesinde bütüncül olarak ele alınması ve geleceğe yönelik direnç azaltma stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi vurgulanmaktadır. AMR ile ilişkili zorlukların başarıyla aşılabilmesi için çevre, hammadde, gıda, et, insan sürekliliğinde izleme ve değerlendirme süreçlerinin bütünleştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra, NCBI Pathogen Detection Isolate Browser (NPDIB) veritabanının sürekli olarak geliştirilmesi ve genişletilmesi; stres yanıtı ve AMR’yi koordine eden genlerin tanımlanması ve araştırılmasına yönelik gelecekteki çalışmaların bulgularıyla desteklenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır.
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