Mesane Taşları
Özet
Mesane taşları, üriner sistemde mesane içerisinde oluşan veya üst üriner sistemden mesaneye geçerek burada kalan mineral kristallerinin agregasyonu sonucu ortaya çıkar. İdrarda çözünürlüğü azalan mineral tuzlarının mesanede uzun süre beklemesi sonucu oluşurlar. Klinik olarak asemptomatik seyredebileceği gibi, dizüri, hematüri, sık idrara çıkma, idrar retansiyonu ve tekrarlayan üriner sistem enfeksiyonları gibi geniş bir spektrumda bulgu verebilir. Etyolojide en sık benign prostat hiperplazisi, nörojen mesane disfonksiyonu, uzun süreli kateter kullanımı ve intravezikal yabancı cisimler yer alır. Primer ve sekonder taş ayrımı, altta yatan nedenlerin anlaşılması açısından önemlidir. Tanısal değerlendirmede ultrasonografi, direkt üriner sistem grafisi, bilgisayarlı tomografi ve sistoskopi gibi yöntemlerden yararlanılmaktadır. Tedavide taş oluşumuna yol açan faktörlerin düzeltilmesi temel prensiptir. Minimal invaziv endoskopik yöntemler (özellikle transüretral sistolitotripsi) ilk basamakta tercih edilirken, bazı olgularda perkütan, laparoskopik veya açık cerrahi yöntemler gerekebilir.
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