Immunological Effects of Climate Change: Systemic Responses to Environmental Stressors
Özet
İklim değişikliği; artan sıcaklıklar, hava kirliliği, biyolojik çeşitlilik kaybı ve aşırı hava olayları yoluyla insan bağışıklık sistemini derinden etkiler. Isı stresi, hormonal ve inflamatuvar yolları uyararak oksidatif stresi artırır ve DNA hasarına yol açar. PM2.5 ve PM10 gibi partikül maddeler epitel bariyerini bozar, solunum ve bağırsak florasını değiştirir, IL-1β, IL-6 ve TNF-α gibi proinflamatuvar sitokinlerin salınımını tetikler. Bu durum immün toleransı zayıflatır, alerjik hastalıklar, otoimmünite ve kanser gelişimine zemin hazırlar. Kirleticiler ve alerjenler, bağışıklık düzenlenmesiyle ilişkili genlerin epigenetik düzeyde değişmesine de neden olur. Orman yangınları, kuraklık ve toz fırtınaları solunum yolu ve sistemik inflamasyonu artırırken, troposferik ozon kalp-damar ve sinir sistemi hastalıklarını ağırlaştırır. Çevresel faktörlerin yol açtığı düşük düzeyli kronik inflamasyon, tümör gelişimi ve bağışıklık dengesizliğini destekler. Bağışıklık sağlığını korumak ve hastalık yükünü azaltmak için gezegen sağlığının korunması ve kirletici maruziyetinin azaltılması büyük önem taşır.
İklim değişikliği; artan sıcaklıklar, hava kirliliği, biyolojik çeşitlilik kaybı ve aşırı hava olayları yoluyla insan bağışıklık sistemini derinden etkiler. Isı stresi, hormonal ve inflamatuvar yolları uyararak oksidatif stresi artırır ve DNA hasarına yol açar. PM2.5 ve PM10 gibi partikül maddeler epitel bariyerini bozar, solunum ve bağırsak florasını değiştirir, IL-1β, IL-6 ve TNF-α gibi proinflamatuvar sitokinlerin salınımını tetikler. Bu durum immün toleransı zayıflatır, alerjik hastalıklar, otoimmünite ve kanser gelişimine zemin hazırlar. Kirleticiler ve alerjenler, bağışıklık düzenlenmesiyle ilişkili genlerin epigenetik düzeyde değişmesine de neden olur. Orman yangınları, kuraklık ve toz fırtınaları solunum yolu ve sistemik inflamasyonu artırırken, troposferik ozon kalp-damar ve sinir sistemi hastalıklarını ağırlaştırır. Çevresel faktörlerin yol açtığı düşük düzeyli kronik inflamasyon, tümör gelişimi ve bağışıklık dengesizliğini destekler. Bağışıklık sağlığını korumak ve hastalık yükünü azaltmak için gezegen sağlığının korunması ve kirletici maruziyetinin azaltılması büyük önem taşır.
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