The Effects of Global Climate Change on Human Health
Özet
İklim değişikliği, solunum sağlığı üzerinde derin etkileri olan önemli bir küresel sağlık sorunu olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Sera gazı emisyonlarındaki ve küresel ısınmadaki kademeli artış, hava kalitesinin bozulmasına, alerjen maruziyetinin artmasına ve daha sık aşırı hava olaylarına yol açmıştır. Bu çevresel değişiklikler astım, kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (KOAH), bronşektazi, pulmoner hipertansiyon ve interstisyel akciğer hastalığı gibi solunum yolu hastalıklarının başlamasına ve ilerlemesine katkıda bulunmaktadır. Partikül madde (PM2.5, PM10), ozon ve nitrojen dioksit dahil olmak üzere hava kirleticileri oksidatif strese, hava yolu iltihabına ve akciğer fonksiyonlarında bozulmaya neden olur. Ayrıca, sıcak hava dalgaları, sıcaklık dalgalanmaları ve uzun süreli polen ve küf maruziyeti alerjik ve bulaşıcı solunum yolu rahatsızlıklarını şiddetlendirir. Hava kirliliğine uzun süreli maruz kalmanın ayrıca akciğer kanseri ve uyku ile ilişkili solunum bozuklukları risklerinde artışla ilişkili olduğu görülmüştür. Bu bulgular topluca, iklim değişikliğinin solunum yolu morbiditesi ve mortalitesinin kritik bir belirleyicisi olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Önleyici halk sağlığı stratejilerinin uygulanması, kirletici emisyonların azaltılması ve sağlık profesyonelleri arasında daha fazla farkındalık, ısınan iklimin olumsuz solunum etkilerini azaltmak için çok önemlidir.
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