Diş Hekimliğinde Biyoaktif Materyaller: Geçmişten Günümüze ve Geleceğe
Özet
Restoratif diş hekimliğinde en sık karşılaşılan sorunlardan biri olan diş çürüğünün tedavisi, uzun yıllar boyunca inert özellik gösteren materyaller ile yapılmıştır. Ancak bu materyallerin biyolojik değişimlere uyum sağlayamaması, daha yenilikçi çözümlere ihtiyaç doğurmuştur. Bu bağlamda geliştirilen biyoaktif materyaller, yalnızca kayıp dokunun yerini doldurmakla kalmayıp aynı zamanda diş dokuları ile biyolojik etkileşim kurarak terapötik ve rejeneratif etkiler sunmaktadır. Biyoaktif camlar, cam iyonomer simanlar, kalsiyum silikat bazlı materyaller, biyoaktif kompozitler ve nanoteknoloji bazlı sistemler bu grubun başlıca örneklerindendir. Bu materyaller, flor ve kalsiyum gibi iyon salınımlarıyla remineralizasyonu teşvik ederken, dentin tübüllerini örterek sekonder çürük riskini azaltmaktadır. Ayrıca kök hücre proliferasyonu ve doku mühendisliği uygulamalarında sağladıkları katkılar, bu materyalleri yalnızca restoratif tedavilerde değil aynı zamanda rejeneratif tıp açısından da önemli kılmaktadır. Nanoteknoloji ve biyomimetik tasarımlarla desteklenen yeni nesil biyoaktif materyallerin, gelecekte kişiselleştirilmiş ve biyolojik temelli tedavilere yön vereceği öngörülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, biyoaktif materyaller günümüzde güçlü bir klinik seçenek olup, gelecekte restoratif diş hekimliğinin temel yapı taşlarından biri olmaya adaydır.
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