Glokom Hastalarında Yaşam Kalitesi
Özet
Glokom, dünya genelinde milyonlarca insanı etkileyen, genellikle belirti vermeden ilerleyen ve kalıcı görme kaybına yol açabilen önemli bir göz hastalığıdır. Görme alanındaki hasarlar, bireyin günlük yaşam aktivitelerini etkileyerek yaşam kalitesini düşürür. Bu kayıplar yalnızca fiziksel değil, psikolojik, sosyal ve mesleki boyutlarda da ciddi sonuçlar doğurabilir. Erken dönemde bile okuma, araç kullanma ve ev içi hareketlerde zorluklar başlayabilir. Yaşam kalitesini değerlendirmek için kullanılan en yaygın araçlardan biri NEI VFQ-25 anketidir. Bu ölçek, hastanın görme ile ilgili yaşadığı zorlukları çok boyutlu olarak ölçer. Görme alanı kaybının tipi ve yeri (örneğin alt görme alanı) yaşam kalitesiyle doğrudan ilişkilidir. Glokom hastalarının çoğunda, kontrast duyarlılığı azalır, sürüş sırasında endişe artar ve düşme riski yükselir. Görsel rehabilitasyon, hastaların mevcut görme yetilerini en verimli şekilde kullanmalarını sağlar ve yaşam kalitesini artırabilir. Bu nedenle glokom takibinde yalnızca klinik bulgular değil, hastanın yaşam kalitesi de değerlendirilmelidir. Hekimin yönlendirmesi ve zamanında başlatılan rehabilitasyon, tedavi başarısında kritik rol oynar.
Referanslar
Quigley HA, Broman AT. The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 2006;90(3):262–267. doi: 10.1136/bjo.2005.081224.
Leite MT, Sakata LM, Medeiros FA. Managing glaucoma in developing countries. Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologica. 2011;74(2):83–84. doi: 10.1590/s0004-27492011000200001.
World Health Organization, Global Data on Visual Impairments 2010. (02/4/2025 tarihinde https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/publications/world-report-on-vision-accessible-executive-summary.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır.)
World Health Organization, Health statistics and information systems. WHOQOL: Measuring Quality of Life. (02/4/2025 tarihinde https://www.who.int/health info/survey/whoqol-qualityof life adresinden ulaşılmıştır.)
Broman AT, Munoz B, Rodriguez J, et al. The impact of visual impairment and eye disease on vision-related quality of life in a mexican-american population: Proyecto VER. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2002;43(11):3393–3398.
Ivers RQ, Mitchell P, Cumming RG. Visual function tests, eye disease and symptoms of visual disability: A population-based assessment. Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology. 2000;28(1):41–47. doi: 10.1046/j.1442-9071.2000.00236.x.
Mills RP, Janz NK, Wren PA, et al. Correlation of visual field with quality-of-life measures at diagnosis in the collaborative initial glaucoma treatment study (CIGTS). Journal of Glaucoma. 2001;10(3):192–198. doi: 10(3):192–198.
Ramulu P. Glaucoma and disability: Which tasks are affected, and at what stage of disease? Current Opinion in Ophthalmology. 2009;20(2):92–98. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0b013e32832401a9.
Haymes SA, LeBlanc RP, Nicolela MT, et al. Glaucoma and on-road driving performance. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2008;49(7):3035–3041. doi: 10.1167/iovs.07-1609.
Haymes SA, Leblanc RP, Nicolela MT, et al. Risk of falls and motor vehicle collisions in glaucoma. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2007;48(3):1149–1155. doi: 10.1167/iovs.06-0886.
Fontenot JL, Bona MD, Kaleem MA, et al. Vision rehabilitation preferred practice pattern. Ophthalmology. 2018;125:P228–78. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.09.030.
Gutierrez P, Wilson MR, Johnson C, et al. Influence of glaucomatous visual field loss on health-related quality of life. Archives of Ophthalmological Research. 1997;115:777–84. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1997.01100150779014.
Janz NK, Wren PA, Lichter PR, et al. Quality of life in newly diagnosed glaucoma patients: the collaborative initial glaucoma treatment study. Ophthalmology. 2001;108:887–97. doi: 10.1016/S0161-6420(00)00624-2.
Ramulu PY, West SK, Munoz B, et al. Glaucoma and reading speed: The salisbury eye evaluation project. Archives of Ophthalmological Research.. 2009;127:82–87. doi: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2008.523.
Ramulu PY, Swenor BK, Jefferys JL, et al. Difficulty with out-loud and silent reading in glaucoma. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2013;54:666–72. doi: 10.1167/iovs.12-10618.
Nguyen AM, van Landingham SW, Massof RW, et al. Reading ability and reading engagement in older adults with glaucoma. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2014;55:5284–90. doi: 10.1167/iovs.14-14138.
Whittaker SG, Lovie-Kitchin J. Visual requirements for reading. Optometry and Vision Science. 1993;70:54–65. doi: 10.1097/00006324-199301000-00010.
Karakus S, Agrawal D, Hindman HB, et al. Effects of prolonged reading on dry eye. Ophthalmology. 2018;125:1500–5. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.03.039.
Wood JM, Black AA, Mallon K, et al. Glaucoma and driving: on-road driving characteristics. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0158318. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158318.
Sotimehin AE, Yonge AV, Mihailovic A, et al. Locations, circumstances, and outcomes of falls in patients with glaucoma. American Journal of Ophthalmology. 2018;192:131–41. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.04.024.
Unwin BK, Andrews CM, Andrews PM, et al. Therapeutic home adaptations for older adults with disabilities. American Family Physician. 2009;80:963–70.
Mangione CM, Lee PP, Gutierrez PR, et al. National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire Field Test Investigators. Development of the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire. Archives of Ophthalmological Research. 2001;119:1050–1058. doi: 10.1001/archopht.119.7.1050.
Toprak AB, Eser E, Guler C, et al. Cross-validation of the Turkish version of the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEIU-VFQ 25). Ophthalmic Epidemiology. 2005;12:259–269. doi: 10.1080/09286580590967763.
Khachatryan N, Pistilli M, Maguire MG, et al. A Review of Studies of the Association of Vision-Related Quality of Life with Measures of Visual Function and Structure in Patients with Glaucoma in the United States. Ophthalmic Epidemiology. 2021 Feb 3;28(3):265–276. doi: 10.1080/09286586.2020.1863992.
Cheng HC, Guo CY, Chen MJ, et al. Patient-reported vision-related quality of life differences between superior and inferior hemifield visual field defects in primary open-angle glaucoma. JAMA Ophthalmology. 2015;133(3):269–275. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.4908.
Orta AÖ, Öztürker Z, Erkul S, et al. The correlation between glaucomatous visual field loss and vision-related quality of life. Journal of Glaucoma. 2015 Jun-Jul;24(5):e121-7. doi: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000000225.
Şahlı E, İdil SA. Comparison of Quality of Life Questionnaires in Patients with Low Vision. Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology. 2021 Apr 29;51(2):83-88. doi: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2020.99975.
Selivanova A, Fenwick E, Man R, et al. Outcomes After Comprehensive Vision Rehabilitation Using Vision-related Quality of Life Questionnaires: Impact of Vision Impairment and National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire. Optometry and Vision Science. 2019 Feb;96(2):87-94. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001327.
Sun Y, Lin C, Waisbourd M, et al. The Impact of Visual Field Clusters on Performance-based Measures and Vision-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Glaucoma. American Journal of Ophthalmology. 2016 Mar:163:45-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2015.12.006. Epub 2015 Dec 14.
Blumberg DM, Moraes CG, Prager AJ, et al. Association Between Undetected 10-2 Visual Field Damage and Vision-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Glaucoma. JAMA Ophthalmology. 2017 Jul 13;135(7):742–747. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.1396.
