Çocukluk Döneminde (6-12 yaş) Sosyal Duygusal Gelişim
Özet
Çocukluk dönemi, bireyin hem kendi içsel süreçlerini anlamaya başladığı hem de sosyal çevresiyle daha karmaşık ilişkiler kurduğu bir evredir. Bu dönemde öz farkındalık becerisi, çocukların kendi duygu ve düşüncelerini tanıma ve değerlendirme, güçlü ve geliştirilmesi gereken yönlerini fark edebilme kapasitelerini ifade ederken; öz yönetim, bu duygu ve düşünceleri ortama uygun bir şekilde düzenleyerek işlevsel davranışlara dönüştürmeyi kapsamaktadır. Sosyal farkındalık, çocukların başkalarının perspektiflerini anlaması ve topluma katılımı için kritik bir beceridir. İlişki becerileri ise arkadaşlık kurma, sürdürme, çatışmaları çözme ve iş birliğini kapsamaktadır. Sorumlu karar verme, çocukların etik değerler, sosyal normlar ve olası sonuçlar çerçevesinde karar alabilme yetilerini kapsar. Her bir becerinin gelişimi, hem bireysel özellikler (mizaç, bilişsel gelişim) hem de çevresel etkenlerle (aile, öğretmen ve akran ilişkileri) şekillenmektedir. Dolayısıyla sosyal duygusal gelişim hem bireysel hem çevresel faktörlerden etkilenebilmektedir. Bu bağlamda bölümde ruh sağlığı çalışanlarına, öğretmenlere, okullara ve ebeveynlere yönelik önerilere; sosyal-duygusal becerilerin günlük yaşamda nasıl desteklenebileceğine dair etkinliklere yer verilmiştir. Son olarak, sosyal-duygusal gelişimin yalnızca çocukluk dönemine özgü olmadığı, bu becerilerin ergenlik ve yetişkinlikte bireyin akademik, sosyal ve mesleki yaşamında belirleyici olduğu vurgulanmıştır. Bu nedenle sosyal-duygusal öğrenme alanına erken yaşlarda yatırım yapmak, yalnızca bireysel iyi oluşu değil; daha sağlıklı ve duyarlı bir toplum inşa etme sürecini de desteklemektedir.
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