Topraksız Maviyemiş (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Yetiştiriciliğinde Bitki Besleme Çalışmaları
Özet
Maviyemiş (Vaccinium spp.), içerdiği antosiyaninler, vitaminler ve antioksidanlar sayesinde yüksek besin değerine sahip olup, küresel ölçekte artan “süper gıda” talebiyle öne çıkan önemli bir meyve türüdür. Ancak asidik toprak koşullarına olan uyumu, kireçli ve yüksek pH’lı toprakların yaygınlığı nedeniyle geleneksel yetiştiriciliği sınırlandırmaktadır. Bu durum, alternatif üretim sistemlerinin geliştirilmesini gerekli kılmakta ve özellikle topraksız üretim sistemlerinin önemini artırmaktadır. Topraksız yetiştiricilik, kontrollü sulama ve fertigasyon sayesinde besin elementlerinin doğrudan kök bölgesine iletilmesine olanak tanımakta ve yüksek dikim yoğunluğu ile birim alandan daha fazla verim alınmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu sistemlerde besin yönetimi, özellikle azot formlarının kullanımı, pH düzenlemesi, substrat seçimi ve gübreleme stratejilerinin belirlenmesi açısından kritik rol oynamaktadır. Ayrıca, substratların fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri; kök gelişimi, besin elementi alımı ve bitkinin genel performansı ile meyve kalitesi üzerinde belirleyici bir rol oynamaktadır. Sonuç olarak, topraksız maviyemiş yetiştiriciliğinde çeşitlere ve yetiştirme koşullarına göre optimize edilmiş besin yönetimi stratejileri, sürdürülebilirlik ve yüksek kaliteli üretim açısından vazgeçilmez bir unsur olarak öne çıkmaktadır.
Referanslar
Beracochea D, Krazem A, Henkouss N, et al. Intake of wild blueberry powder improves episodic-like and working memory during normal aging in mice. Planta Medica. 2016;82(13):1163–1168. doi:10.1055/s-0042-104419
Brazelton C, Fain C, Aragon L, Bauer N. 2018/2019 International Blueberry Organization (IBO) State of the Industry Report: Excerpts & Trends. [Online] http://www.internationalblueberry.org [Accessed: 23 Ağustos 2025]
Blueberries Consulting. Global demand exceeds supply in blueberries and it is necessary to double its growth. [Online] https://blueberriesconsulting.com/en/demanda-mundial-supera-a-la-oferta-en-arandanos-y-es-necesario-crecer-al-doble [Accessed: 20 Ağustos 2025]
Tamir G, Afik G, Zilkah S, Dai N, Bar-Tal A. The use of increasing proportions of NH4-N among the total applied inorganic N to improve acidification and the nutritional status and performance of blueberry plants in soilless culture. Scientia Horticulturae. 2021;276:109754. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109754
Voogt W, van Dijk P, Douven F, van der Maas R. Development of a soilless growing system for blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum): Nutrient demand and nutrient solution. In: van Kooten O, Brouns F (eds.) Proceedings Tenth International Symposium on Vaccinium and Other Superfruits. Acta Horticulturae. 2014;1017:215–221. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2014.1017.27
Kingston PH, Scagel CF, Bryla DR, Strik BC. Influence of perlite in peat- and coir-based media on vegetative growth and mineral nutrition of highbush blueberry. HortScience. 2020;55:658–663. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI14640-19
Milivojević J, Maksimović V, Radivojević D, Spasojević S, Dragišić Maksimović J. How does fertilizer management strategy in soilless blueberry cultivation change the phytochemical profile and phenoloxidases activity during fruit ripening? Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2025;105(8):3084–3096. doi:10.1002/jsfa.14072
Kafkafi U, Tarchitsky J. Fertigation. A tool for efficient fertilizer and water management. Paris: International Fertilizer Industry Association; Horgen: International Potash Institute; 2011.
Ortiz-Delvasto N, Garcia-Ibañez P, Olmos-Ruiz R, Bárzana G, Carvajal M. Substrate composition affects growth and physiological parameters of blueberry. Scientia Horticulturae. 2023;308:111528. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2022.111528
Bryla DR, Strik BC. Effects of cultivar and plant spacing on the seasonal water requirements of highbush blueberry. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 2007;132:270–277. doi:10.21273/JASHS.132.2.270
Mancera MM, Soto JM, Sánchez E, Yáñez RM, Montes F, Balandrán RR. Mineral characterization of ‘Red Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apple varieties from two producing countries. Tecnociencia Chihuahua. 2007;1:6–17.
Martínez FE, Sarmiento J, Fischer G, Jiménez F. Effect of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and B deficiency on production and quality components of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.). Agronomía Colombiana. 2008;26:389–398.
Castillo GAM, Avitia GE, Valdez ALA, Pineda PJ, Aguilar SS. Dinámica nutrimental en hoja y fruto de arándano tipo Ojo de Conejo (Vaccinium ashei Reade) [Nutrient dynamics in leaf and fruit of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade)]. Tecnociencia Chihuahua. 2016;10:64–71.
Tamir G, Zeng Q, Eli D, Zilkah S, Bar-Tal A, Dai N. Combined effects of alkaline pH and high Ca concentration on root morphology, cell-wall polysaccharide concentrations and blueberry plant performance. Frontiers in Agronomy. 2023;5:1121448. doi:10.3389/fagro.2023.1121448
Kingston PH. Substrate production of blueberry: Evaluation of soilless media and potassium, nitrogen fertility on growth and nutrition [Master’s thesis]. Corvallis (OR): Oregon State University; 2017.
Gallegos-Cedillo VM, ÁLvaro JE, Capatos Th, Hachmann TL, Carrasco G, Urrestarazu M. Effect of pH and silicon in the fertigation solution on vegetative growth of blueberry plants in organic agriculture. HortScience. 2018;53:1423–1428. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI13342-18
Hachiya T, Sakakibara H. Interactions between nitrate and ammonium in their uptake, allocation, assimilation, and signaling in plants. Journal of Experimental Botany. 2017;68(10):2501–2512. doi:10.1093/jxb/erw449
Marschner H. Marschner’s mineral nutrition of higher plants. 3rd ed. London: Academic Press; 2012.
Hanson EJ, Hancock JB. Managing the nutrition of highbush blueberries. East Lansing (MI): Michigan State University Extension; 1996. Extension Bulletin E-2011.
Hart J, Strik B, White L, Yang W. Nutrient management for blueberries in Oregon. Corvallis (OR): Oregon State University Extension Service; 2006. Extension Publication EM 8918.
Kritzinger H. Seasonal change in macro nutrients in ‘Emerald’ and ‘Snowchaser’ southern highbush blueberries [Master’s thesis]. Stellenbosch: University of Stellenbosch; 2014. https://scholar.sun.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10019.1/
Hanson E, Hancock J. Managing the nutrition of highbush blueberries. East Lansing (MI): Michigan State University Extension; 1986. Bulletin E-2011.
Strik BC, Vance AJ. Seasonal variation in leaf nutrient concentration of northern highbush blueberry cultivars grown in conventional and organic production systems. HortScience. 2015;50(10):1453–1460.
Mills HA, Jones JB. Plant analysis handbook II: A practical sampling, preparation, analysis, and interpretation guide. Athens (GA): MicroMacro Publishing; 1996.
PennState College of Agricultural Sciences. Interpretive nutrient levels for plant analysis – blueberries. [Online] Available from: https://agsci.psu.edu/aasl/plant-analysis/plant-tissue-total-analysis/interpretive-nutrient-levels-for-plant-analysis/blueberries-any?utm_source [Accessed: 26 Ağustos 2025].
Tamada T. Effects of nitrogen sources on growth and nutrient concentrations of ‘Tifblue’ rabbiteye blueberry under water culture. Small Fruits Review. 2004;3:149–158.
Imler CS, Arzola CI, Nunez GH. Ammonium uptake is the main driver of rhizosphere pH in southern highbush blueberry. HortScience. 2019;54(5):955–959. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI13764-18
Leal-Ayala O, Sandoval-Villa M, Trejo-Téllez L, Sandoval-Rangel A, Cabrera-De La Fuente M, Benavides-Mendoza A. Nitrogen form and root division modifies the nutrimental and biomolecules concentration in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 2021;49:11998. doi:10.15835/nbha49111998
Zhang YY, Tian JP, Cui J, Hong YH, Luan YS. Effects of different NH4+/NO3− ratios on the photosynthetic and physiology responses of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) seedlings growth. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 2021;44:854–864.
Alt DS, Doyle JW, Malladi A. Nitrogen source preference in blueberry (Vaccinium sp.): Enhanced shoot nitrogen assimilation in response to direct supply of nitrate. Journal of Plant Physiology. 2017;216:79–87. doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2017.05.014
Merhaut D, Darnell R. Ammonium and nitrate accumulation in containerized southern highbush blueberry plants. HortScience. 1995;30:1378–1381.
Peterson LA, Stang EJ, Dana MN. Blueberry response to NH4+-N and NO3−-N. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 1988;113:9–12.
González KL, Rugeles NL, Magnitskiy S. Effect of different sources of nitrogen on the vegetative growth of Andean blueberry (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz). Agronomía Colombiana. 2018;36:58–67. doi:10.15446/agron.colomb.v36n1.69304
Poonnachit U, Darnell RL. Effect of ammonium and nitrate on ferric chelate reductase and nitrate reductase in Vacciniumspecies. Annals of Botany. 2004;93:399–405. doi:10.1093/aob/mch053
Hirzel J, Muñoz V, Moya-Elizondo E, Lagos O, Balbontín C, Uribe H. Use of increasing rates of ammonia nitrogen in pot-grown blueberries and its effect on fruit yield and macronutrient concentration in leaves. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research. 2024;84(3). doi:10.4067/S0718-58392024000300454
Bar-Tal A, Aloni B, Karni L, Rosenberg R. Nitrogen nutrition of greenhouse pepper: II. Effects of nitrogen concentration and NO3:NH4 ratio on growth, transpiration, and nutrient uptake. HortScience. 2001;36:1252–1259. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.36.7.1252
Bar-Yosef B, Mattson NS, Lieth HJ. Effects of NH4:NO3:urea ratio on cut roses yield, leaf nutrients content and proton efflux by roots in closed hydroponic system. Scientia Horticulturae. 2009;122:610–619. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2009.06.019
Xu J, Fang Y, Tavakkoli E, Pan X, Liao F, Chen W, et al. Preferential ammonium:nitrate ratio of blueberry is regulated by nitrogen transport and reduction systems. Scientia Horticulturae. 2021;288:110345. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110345
Sonneveld C, Voogt W. Plant nutrition of greenhouse crops. New York: Springer-Verlag; 2009.
Anwar A, Zheng J, Chen C, Chen M, Xue Y, Wang J, Su W, Chen R, Song S. Effects of NH4+-N:NO3−-N ratio on growth, nutrient uptake and production of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) under soilless culture. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2024;15:1438811. doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1438811
Hinsinger P, Plassard C, Tang C, Jaillard B. Origins of root-mediated pH changes in the rhizosphere and their responses to environmental constraints: a review. Plant and Soil. 2003;248:43–59.
Wang X, Tang C. The role of rhizosphere pH in regulating the rhizosphere priming effect and implications for the availability of soil-derived nitrogen to plants. Annals of Botany. 2018;121(1):143–151. doi:10.1093/aob/mcx138
Schreiber MJ, Nunez GH. Calcium carbonate can be used to manage soilless substrate pH for blueberry production. Horticulturae. 2021;7(4):74. doi:10.3390/horticulturae7040074
Milivojević JM, Radivojević DD, Maksimović VM, Dragišić Maksimović JJ. Variation in health promoting compounds of blueberry fruit associated with different nutrient management practices in a soilless growing system. Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2020;65(2):175–185. doi:10.2298/JAS2002175M
Clark MJ, Zheng Y. Fertilization methods for organic and conventional potted blueberry plants. HortScience. 2020;55(3):304–309. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI14416-19
Nunez GH, Buzzi G, Rubert Heller C. Southern highbush blueberry responses to humic acid application in soilless substrates. Scientia Horticulturae. 2023;308:111541. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2022.111541
Muñoz V, France A, Uribe H, Hirzel J. Nitrogen and irrigation rates affected leaf phosphorus and potassium concentrations in different cultivars of pot-grown blueberry. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 2023;23:965–973. doi:10.1007/s42729-022-01096-0
Asanica A, Popedescu D, Stǎnicǎ F, Temocico G. First year reaction of some early highbush blueberry varieties grown in containers to organic fertilizers and pest control. Scientific Papers-Series B Horticulture. 2020;64(1):21–26.
Muñoz V, France A, Uribe H, Hirzel J. Effect of nitrogen rate and water replacement level on leaf biomass production and leaf nitrogen concentration of ten pot-grown blueberry cultivars. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research. 2022;82(2):204–213. doi:10.4067/S0718-58392022000200294
Zeng Q, Jiang Y, Dong G, Wei J, Jiang J, Tian L, Yu H. Effect of Al on the growth and nutrients uptake of blueberries (Vaccinium spp.). Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 2020;48(2):656–665. doi:10.15835/nbha48211643
Yang H, Wu Y, Che J, Lyu L, Wu W, Cao F, Li W. Effects of cadmium stress on the growth, physiology, mineral uptake, cadmium accumulation and fruit quality of ‘Sharpblue’ blueberry. Scientia Horticulturae. 2024;337:113593. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113593
Ferron-Carrillo F, Cunha-Chiamolera TPL da, Peña AA, Urrestarazu M. Silicon enhances production and quality of blueberry fruits (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Journal of Plant Nutrition. 2022;45(10):1563–1571. doi:10.1080/01904167.2021.2014874
Vano I, Matsushima M, Tang C, Inubushi K. Effects of peat moss and sawdust compost applications on N2O emission and N leaching in blueberry cultivating soils. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 2011;57:348–360. doi:10.1080/00380768.2011.574596
Referanslar
Beracochea D, Krazem A, Henkouss N, et al. Intake of wild blueberry powder improves episodic-like and working memory during normal aging in mice. Planta Medica. 2016;82(13):1163–1168. doi:10.1055/s-0042-104419
Brazelton C, Fain C, Aragon L, Bauer N. 2018/2019 International Blueberry Organization (IBO) State of the Industry Report: Excerpts & Trends. [Online] http://www.internationalblueberry.org [Accessed: 23 Ağustos 2025]
Blueberries Consulting. Global demand exceeds supply in blueberries and it is necessary to double its growth. [Online] https://blueberriesconsulting.com/en/demanda-mundial-supera-a-la-oferta-en-arandanos-y-es-necesario-crecer-al-doble [Accessed: 20 Ağustos 2025]
Tamir G, Afik G, Zilkah S, Dai N, Bar-Tal A. The use of increasing proportions of NH4-N among the total applied inorganic N to improve acidification and the nutritional status and performance of blueberry plants in soilless culture. Scientia Horticulturae. 2021;276:109754. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109754
Voogt W, van Dijk P, Douven F, van der Maas R. Development of a soilless growing system for blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum): Nutrient demand and nutrient solution. In: van Kooten O, Brouns F (eds.) Proceedings Tenth International Symposium on Vaccinium and Other Superfruits. Acta Horticulturae. 2014;1017:215–221. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2014.1017.27
Kingston PH, Scagel CF, Bryla DR, Strik BC. Influence of perlite in peat- and coir-based media on vegetative growth and mineral nutrition of highbush blueberry. HortScience. 2020;55:658–663. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI14640-19
Milivojević J, Maksimović V, Radivojević D, Spasojević S, Dragišić Maksimović J. How does fertilizer management strategy in soilless blueberry cultivation change the phytochemical profile and phenoloxidases activity during fruit ripening? Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2025;105(8):3084–3096. doi:10.1002/jsfa.14072
Kafkafi U, Tarchitsky J. Fertigation. A tool for efficient fertilizer and water management. Paris: International Fertilizer Industry Association; Horgen: International Potash Institute; 2011.
Ortiz-Delvasto N, Garcia-Ibañez P, Olmos-Ruiz R, Bárzana G, Carvajal M. Substrate composition affects growth and physiological parameters of blueberry. Scientia Horticulturae. 2023;308:111528. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2022.111528
Bryla DR, Strik BC. Effects of cultivar and plant spacing on the seasonal water requirements of highbush blueberry. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 2007;132:270–277. doi:10.21273/JASHS.132.2.270
Mancera MM, Soto JM, Sánchez E, Yáñez RM, Montes F, Balandrán RR. Mineral characterization of ‘Red Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apple varieties from two producing countries. Tecnociencia Chihuahua. 2007;1:6–17.
Martínez FE, Sarmiento J, Fischer G, Jiménez F. Effect of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and B deficiency on production and quality components of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.). Agronomía Colombiana. 2008;26:389–398.
Castillo GAM, Avitia GE, Valdez ALA, Pineda PJ, Aguilar SS. Dinámica nutrimental en hoja y fruto de arándano tipo Ojo de Conejo (Vaccinium ashei Reade) [Nutrient dynamics in leaf and fruit of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade)]. Tecnociencia Chihuahua. 2016;10:64–71.
Tamir G, Zeng Q, Eli D, Zilkah S, Bar-Tal A, Dai N. Combined effects of alkaline pH and high Ca concentration on root morphology, cell-wall polysaccharide concentrations and blueberry plant performance. Frontiers in Agronomy. 2023;5:1121448. doi:10.3389/fagro.2023.1121448
Kingston PH. Substrate production of blueberry: Evaluation of soilless media and potassium, nitrogen fertility on growth and nutrition [Master’s thesis]. Corvallis (OR): Oregon State University; 2017.
Gallegos-Cedillo VM, ÁLvaro JE, Capatos Th, Hachmann TL, Carrasco G, Urrestarazu M. Effect of pH and silicon in the fertigation solution on vegetative growth of blueberry plants in organic agriculture. HortScience. 2018;53:1423–1428. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI13342-18
Hachiya T, Sakakibara H. Interactions between nitrate and ammonium in their uptake, allocation, assimilation, and signaling in plants. Journal of Experimental Botany. 2017;68(10):2501–2512. doi:10.1093/jxb/erw449
Marschner H. Marschner’s mineral nutrition of higher plants. 3rd ed. London: Academic Press; 2012.
Hanson EJ, Hancock JB. Managing the nutrition of highbush blueberries. East Lansing (MI): Michigan State University Extension; 1996. Extension Bulletin E-2011.
Hart J, Strik B, White L, Yang W. Nutrient management for blueberries in Oregon. Corvallis (OR): Oregon State University Extension Service; 2006. Extension Publication EM 8918.
Kritzinger H. Seasonal change in macro nutrients in ‘Emerald’ and ‘Snowchaser’ southern highbush blueberries [Master’s thesis]. Stellenbosch: University of Stellenbosch; 2014. https://scholar.sun.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10019.1/
Hanson E, Hancock J. Managing the nutrition of highbush blueberries. East Lansing (MI): Michigan State University Extension; 1986. Bulletin E-2011.
Strik BC, Vance AJ. Seasonal variation in leaf nutrient concentration of northern highbush blueberry cultivars grown in conventional and organic production systems. HortScience. 2015;50(10):1453–1460.
Mills HA, Jones JB. Plant analysis handbook II: A practical sampling, preparation, analysis, and interpretation guide. Athens (GA): MicroMacro Publishing; 1996.
PennState College of Agricultural Sciences. Interpretive nutrient levels for plant analysis – blueberries. [Online] Available from: https://agsci.psu.edu/aasl/plant-analysis/plant-tissue-total-analysis/interpretive-nutrient-levels-for-plant-analysis/blueberries-any?utm_source [Accessed: 26 Ağustos 2025].
Tamada T. Effects of nitrogen sources on growth and nutrient concentrations of ‘Tifblue’ rabbiteye blueberry under water culture. Small Fruits Review. 2004;3:149–158.
Imler CS, Arzola CI, Nunez GH. Ammonium uptake is the main driver of rhizosphere pH in southern highbush blueberry. HortScience. 2019;54(5):955–959. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI13764-18
Leal-Ayala O, Sandoval-Villa M, Trejo-Téllez L, Sandoval-Rangel A, Cabrera-De La Fuente M, Benavides-Mendoza A. Nitrogen form and root division modifies the nutrimental and biomolecules concentration in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 2021;49:11998. doi:10.15835/nbha49111998
Zhang YY, Tian JP, Cui J, Hong YH, Luan YS. Effects of different NH4+/NO3− ratios on the photosynthetic and physiology responses of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) seedlings growth. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 2021;44:854–864.
Alt DS, Doyle JW, Malladi A. Nitrogen source preference in blueberry (Vaccinium sp.): Enhanced shoot nitrogen assimilation in response to direct supply of nitrate. Journal of Plant Physiology. 2017;216:79–87. doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2017.05.014
Merhaut D, Darnell R. Ammonium and nitrate accumulation in containerized southern highbush blueberry plants. HortScience. 1995;30:1378–1381.
Peterson LA, Stang EJ, Dana MN. Blueberry response to NH4+-N and NO3−-N. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 1988;113:9–12.
González KL, Rugeles NL, Magnitskiy S. Effect of different sources of nitrogen on the vegetative growth of Andean blueberry (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz). Agronomía Colombiana. 2018;36:58–67. doi:10.15446/agron.colomb.v36n1.69304
Poonnachit U, Darnell RL. Effect of ammonium and nitrate on ferric chelate reductase and nitrate reductase in Vacciniumspecies. Annals of Botany. 2004;93:399–405. doi:10.1093/aob/mch053
Hirzel J, Muñoz V, Moya-Elizondo E, Lagos O, Balbontín C, Uribe H. Use of increasing rates of ammonia nitrogen in pot-grown blueberries and its effect on fruit yield and macronutrient concentration in leaves. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research. 2024;84(3). doi:10.4067/S0718-58392024000300454
Bar-Tal A, Aloni B, Karni L, Rosenberg R. Nitrogen nutrition of greenhouse pepper: II. Effects of nitrogen concentration and NO3:NH4 ratio on growth, transpiration, and nutrient uptake. HortScience. 2001;36:1252–1259. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.36.7.1252
Bar-Yosef B, Mattson NS, Lieth HJ. Effects of NH4:NO3:urea ratio on cut roses yield, leaf nutrients content and proton efflux by roots in closed hydroponic system. Scientia Horticulturae. 2009;122:610–619. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2009.06.019
Xu J, Fang Y, Tavakkoli E, Pan X, Liao F, Chen W, et al. Preferential ammonium:nitrate ratio of blueberry is regulated by nitrogen transport and reduction systems. Scientia Horticulturae. 2021;288:110345. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110345
Sonneveld C, Voogt W. Plant nutrition of greenhouse crops. New York: Springer-Verlag; 2009.
Anwar A, Zheng J, Chen C, Chen M, Xue Y, Wang J, Su W, Chen R, Song S. Effects of NH4+-N:NO3−-N ratio on growth, nutrient uptake and production of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) under soilless culture. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2024;15:1438811. doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1438811
Hinsinger P, Plassard C, Tang C, Jaillard B. Origins of root-mediated pH changes in the rhizosphere and their responses to environmental constraints: a review. Plant and Soil. 2003;248:43–59.
Wang X, Tang C. The role of rhizosphere pH in regulating the rhizosphere priming effect and implications for the availability of soil-derived nitrogen to plants. Annals of Botany. 2018;121(1):143–151. doi:10.1093/aob/mcx138
Schreiber MJ, Nunez GH. Calcium carbonate can be used to manage soilless substrate pH for blueberry production. Horticulturae. 2021;7(4):74. doi:10.3390/horticulturae7040074
Milivojević JM, Radivojević DD, Maksimović VM, Dragišić Maksimović JJ. Variation in health promoting compounds of blueberry fruit associated with different nutrient management practices in a soilless growing system. Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2020;65(2):175–185. doi:10.2298/JAS2002175M
Clark MJ, Zheng Y. Fertilization methods for organic and conventional potted blueberry plants. HortScience. 2020;55(3):304–309. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI14416-19
Nunez GH, Buzzi G, Rubert Heller C. Southern highbush blueberry responses to humic acid application in soilless substrates. Scientia Horticulturae. 2023;308:111541. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2022.111541
Muñoz V, France A, Uribe H, Hirzel J. Nitrogen and irrigation rates affected leaf phosphorus and potassium concentrations in different cultivars of pot-grown blueberry. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 2023;23:965–973. doi:10.1007/s42729-022-01096-0
Asanica A, Popedescu D, Stǎnicǎ F, Temocico G. First year reaction of some early highbush blueberry varieties grown in containers to organic fertilizers and pest control. Scientific Papers-Series B Horticulture. 2020;64(1):21–26.
Muñoz V, France A, Uribe H, Hirzel J. Effect of nitrogen rate and water replacement level on leaf biomass production and leaf nitrogen concentration of ten pot-grown blueberry cultivars. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research. 2022;82(2):204–213. doi:10.4067/S0718-58392022000200294
Zeng Q, Jiang Y, Dong G, Wei J, Jiang J, Tian L, Yu H. Effect of Al on the growth and nutrients uptake of blueberries (Vaccinium spp.). Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 2020;48(2):656–665. doi:10.15835/nbha48211643
Yang H, Wu Y, Che J, Lyu L, Wu W, Cao F, Li W. Effects of cadmium stress on the growth, physiology, mineral uptake, cadmium accumulation and fruit quality of ‘Sharpblue’ blueberry. Scientia Horticulturae. 2024;337:113593. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113593
Ferron-Carrillo F, Cunha-Chiamolera TPL da, Peña AA, Urrestarazu M. Silicon enhances production and quality of blueberry fruits (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Journal of Plant Nutrition. 2022;45(10):1563–1571. doi:10.1080/01904167.2021.2014874
Vano I, Matsushima M, Tang C, Inubushi K. Effects of peat moss and sawdust compost applications on N2O emission and N leaching in blueberry cultivating soils. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 2011;57:348–360. doi:10.1080/00380768.2011.574596
