Pseudomonas Türlerinin BitkiBüyümesini Teşvik Eden Kök Bakterileri Olarak Potansiyelleri
Özet
Dünya nüfusunun hızlı artışı ile birlikte küresel olarak gıdaya olan ihtiyaç artmaktadır. Artan bu gıda taleplerinin karşılanabilmesi için tarım alanlarının daha etkin ve verimli şekilde kullanılması gerekmektedir. Tarımda ürün verim ve kalitesini arttırmaya yönelik kullanılan kimyasalların, insan ve çevreye verdiği zararların bilinmesiyle birlikte mikrobiyal orijinli ürünlerin kullanımı ön plana çıkmıştır. Bitki büyümesini teşvik eden kök bakterileri (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria, PGPR), bitkilerin ihtiyaç duyduğu besinlere kolayca ulaşabilmesini sağlayan mikrobiyal kökenli gübre veya antagonistik aktivitesiyle bitki patojenlerinin (fitopatojen) gelişimini baskılayarak bitki hastalıklarını azaltan ya da durdurabilen biyolojik kontrol etmeni mikroorganizmalardır. Pseudomonas türleri, hızlı gelişim özellikleri ve yüksek adaptasyon yeteneğine sahip olmakla birlikte biyogübre ve biyokontrol özelliklerini bir arada bulunduran mikroorganizmalardır. Bu türler, azot fiksasyonu, fosfat çözücülüğü ile bitki hormonu (fitohormon), siderofor, hidrojen siyanür (HCN) ve antibiyotik üretimi gibi önemli PGPR özelliklerine sahiptir. Bu özellikleri sayesinde Pseudomonas türleri, organik ve sürdürülebilir tarım açısından önemli ticari mikroorganizmalar olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bitki büyümesini teşvik eden kök bakterilerinin sayısı, rizosferde daha baskın olan diğer türlerle rekabet etme konusunda yeterli olamamaktadır. Önemli özelliklere sahip PGPR’lara dışarıdan takviye yapılması ile tarımsal üretimdeki verim desteklenecektir. Çeşitli tarımsal ve biyoteknolojik uygulamalarda etkili suşların seçimi ve bitki-mikroorganizma etkileşimlerinin daha iyi anlaşılması için Pseudomonas’ların PGPR özellikleri ve mekanizmalarıyla ilgili bilgilerin arttırılması önem arz etmektedir. Bu derlemede, Pseudomonas türleri ve bu türlerin önemli PGPR özelliklerine değinilerek konu ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar özetlenmiştir.
Referanslar
Duraçe E, Dikmetaş DN, Karbancioglu-Guler F. Biyokontrol Yaklaşımı ile Küflerin Kontrolü. ITU Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2024;2(1):29-40.
Wang Y, Pei Y, Wang X, Dai X, Zhu M. Antimicrobial metabolites produced by the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): Bacillus and Pseudomonas. Advanced Agrochem. 2024;3:206-221. doi:10.1016/j.aac.2024.07.007
Kumar D, Singh M, Kumar S, et al. Fodder quality and nitrate estimation of oats grown under different nutrient management options. Indian Journal of Dairy Science. 2021;74(4):331-337. doi:10.33785/IJDS.2021.v74i04.007
Singh P, Kumar Singh R, Zhou Y, et al. Unlocking the strength of plant growth promoting Pseudomonas in improving crop productivity in normal and challenging environments: a review. Journal of Plant Interactions. 2022; 17(1): 220-238. doi:10.1080/17429145.2022.2029963
Cabot C, Bosch R, Martos S, et al. Salinity is a Prevailing Factor for Amelioration of Wheat Blast by Biocontrol Agents. Biological Control. 2018;125:81-89. doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2018.07.003
Imade EE, Babalola OO. Biotechnological utilization: the role of Zea mays rhizospheric bacteria in ecosystem sustainability. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2021;105(11):4487-4500. doi:10.1007/s00253-021-11351-6
Vassilev N, Vassileva M, Lopez A, et al. Unexploited Potential of Some Biotechnological Techniques for Biofertilizer Production and Formulation. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2015;99(12):4983-4996. doi:10.1007/s00253-015-6656-4
Tunç N. Avrupa Birliği‟nde Kullanılan Biyolojik Gübreler ve Biyolojik Gübre Kullanım Potansiyelinin Belirlenmesi. AB Uzmanlık Tezi. Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı. 2017;82p.
Scagliola M, Valentinuzzi F, Mimmo T, et al. Bioinoculants as Promising Complement of Chemical Fertilizers for a More Sustainable Agricultural Practice. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. 2021;4:622169. doi:10.3389/fsufs.2020.622169
Basu S, Rabara R, Negi S. Towards a Better Greener Future – an Alternative Strategy Using Biofertilizers I: Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria. Plant Gene. 2017;12:43-49.
Numan M, Bashir S, Khan Y, et al. Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria as an Alternative Strategy for Salt Tolerance in Plants: A Review. Microbiological Research. 2018;209:21-32. doi:10.1016/j.micres.2018.02.003
Gupta R, Kumari A, Sharma S, et al. Identification, Characterization and Optimization of Phosphate Solubilizing Rhizobacteria (PSRB) from Rice Rhizosphere. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2021;29(2022):35-42. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.075
Sözer Bahadır P. Mikrobiyal Gübre Olarak Çeşitli Bacillus Biyopreparatlarının Optimum Üretim Koşulları ve Performanslarının İncelenmesi. Doktora Tezi. Ege Üniversitesi. 2018;232p.
Mohanty P, Singh PK, Chakraborty D, et al. Insight into the role of PGPR in sustainable agriculture and environment. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. 2021;5. doi:10.3389/fsufs.2021.667150
Kloepper JW. 1994, Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria: Other Systems. Okon YY (ed.) Azospirillum Plant Associations içinde. Boca Raton, Fl, USA: CRC Press; 1994. p. 111-118.
Malusá E, Sas-Paszt L, Ciesielska J. Technologies for beneficial microorganisms inocula used as biofertilizers. The Scientific World Journal. 2012;1:491206. doi:10.1100/2012/491206
Suyal DC, Soni R, Sai S, et al. Microbial Inoculants as Biofertilizer. Microbial Inoculants in Sustainable Agricultural Productivity. 2016;1(1):311-318. doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2647-5_18
Bargaz A, Lyamlouli K, Chtouki M, et al. Soil Microbial Resources for Improving Fertilizers Efficiency in an Management System. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2018;9(1606). doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01606
Salsabila N, Hindersah R, Fitriatin BN. Enhancing broccoli growth by Bacillus rhizosphere bacteria. Current Research in Agricultural Sciences. 2024;11(2):56-63. doi:10.18488/cras.v11i2.3945
Morrison CK, Arseneault T, Novinscak A, et al. Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid Production by Pseudomonas fluorescens LBUM636 Alters Phytophthora infestans Growth and Late Blight Development. Phytopathology. 2017;107(3):273-279. doi:10.1094/PHYTO-06-16-0247-R
Etesami H, Maheshwari DK. Use of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPRs) with Multiple Plant Growth Promoting Traits in Stress Agriculture: Action Mechanisms and Future Prospects. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2018;156: 225-246. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.013.
Mekonnen H, Kibret M. The roles of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in sustainable vegetable production in Ethiopia. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture. 2021;8(15). doi:10.1186/s40538-021-00213-y
Altın N, Bora T. Bitki Gelişimini Uyaran Kök Bakterilerinin Genel Özellikleri ve Etkileri. Anadolu Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2005;15(2):87-103.
Aydoğdu A. Rhizobium Bakterileri Üzerine Etkiler. Selçuk Üniversitesi. 2011.
Arrebola E, Tienda S, Vida C, et al. Fitness Features Involved in the Biocontrol Interactions of Pseudomonas chlororaphis with Host Plants: the Case Study of PcPCL1606. Frontiers of Microbiology. 2019;10:719. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00719
Sun W, Shahrajabian MH, Soleymani A. The Roles of Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)-Based Biostimulants for Agricultural Production Systems. Plants. 2024;13:613. doi: 10.3390/plants13050613
Altındal N. Sinop İli Topraklarından İzole Edilen Pseudomonas Türlerinin Moleküler Karakterizasyonu. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Sinop Üniversitesi. 2015;130p.
Furmanczyk EM, Kaminski MA, Lipinski L, et al. Pseudomonas laurylsulfatovorans sp. nov., Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Degrading Bacteria, Isolated from the Peaty Soil of a Wastewater Treatment Plant. Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 2018;41(4):348–354. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2018.03.009
Çağlayan K. Biyogübre Olarak Pseudomonas Türlerinin Üretim Optimizasyonu. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ege Üniversitesi. 2021;168p.
Abat B. Growth of Agriculturally Important Pseudomonas spp. and Azotobacter Chroococcum on Beer Waste and Observation of Their Survival in Peat. MSc Tesis. Middle East Technical University. 2006;109p.
Aydın G. Çeşitli Gıda Ürünlerinden İzole Edilen Pseudomonas Türlerinde Siderofor Varlığı, Serum Direnci, Genişlemiş Spektrumlu Beta Laktamaz (Gsbl) Üretimi ve Antibiyotik Direncinin Belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi. 2010;121p.
Glick BR, Nascimento FX. Pseudomonas 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) Deaminase and Its Role in Beneficial Plant-Microbe Interactions. Microorganisms. 2021;9(12):2467. doi:10.3390/microorganisms9122467
Erdal P. Azot Fikse Eden Bazı Bakterilerin Biyogübre ve Biyokontrol Ajanı Olarak Kullanım Potansiyellerinin Belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi. 2013;149p.
Goswami D, Vaghela H, Parmara S, et al. Plant Growth Promoting Potentials of Pseudomonas spp. Strain OG Isolated from Marine Water. Journal of Plant Interactions. 2013;8(4):281-290. doi:10.2298/ABS141002029P
El-Nagdi WMA, Mahgoob AEA, Youssef MMA. Effect of certain Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates on root- knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on eggplant as affected by the time of addition. Pakistan Journal of Nematology. 2022;40(2):111-119. doi:10.17582/journal.pjn/2022/40.2.111.119
Çakmakçı R. Bitki Gelişimini Teşvik Eden Rizobakterilerin Tarımda Kullanımı. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2005;36(1):97-107.
Lobo CB, Tomás MSJ, Viruel E, et al. Development of Low-Cost Formulations of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria to be Used as Inoculants in Beneficial Agricultural Technologies. Microbial Research. 2019;219:12-25. doi:10.1016/j.micres.2018.10.012
Goyal RK, Mattoo AK, Augusta Schmidt M. Rhizobial–Host Interactions and Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Legume Crops Toward Agriculture Sustainability. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2021;12:669404. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.669404
Park M, Kim C, Yang J, et al. Isolation and Characterization of Diazotrophic Growth Promoting Bacteria from Rhizosphere of Agricultural Crops of Korea. Microbiological Research. 2005;160(2):127-133. doi:10.1016/j.micres.2004.10.003
Selvakumar G, Mohan M, Kundu S, et al. Cold Tolerance and Plant Growth Promotion Potential of Serratia marcescens Strain SRM (MTCC 8708) Isolated from Flowers of Summer Squash (Cucurbita pepo). Letters in Applied Microbiology. 2008;46(2):171-175. doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2007.02282.x.
Borgi MA, Saidi I, Moula A, et al. The Attractive BMA1 Strain Serratia plymuthica with High Rock Phosphate-Solubilizing Activity and Its Effect on the Growth and Phosphorus Uptake by Vicia faba L. Plants. Geomicrobiology Journal. 2020;37(5):437–445. doi:10.1080/01490451.2020.1716892
Walpola BC, Yoon MH. Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their coinoculation efficiency on tomato plant growth and phosphorous uptake. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 2013;7(3):266-275. doi:10.5897/AJMR12.2282
Kapri A, Tewari L. Phosphate Solubilization Potential and Phosphatase Activity of Rhizospheric Trichoderma spp. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. 2010;41(3):787–795. doi:10.1590/S1517-83822010005000031
Çelikten M, Bozkurt İA. Buğday Kök Bölgesinden İzole Edilen Bakterilerin Buğday Gelişimine Olan Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2018;23(1): 33-48.
Kundu BS, Gaur AC. Rice Responce to Inoculation with N2 Fixing and P Solubulizing Microorganisms. Plant Soil. 1984;79:227-234.
Alagawadi AR, Gaur AC. Azospriilium brasilense and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria on Yield of Sorghum in Dry Land. Tropical Agriculture. 1992;69:347-350.
Belimov AA, Dodd IC, Safronova VI, et al. Pseudomonas brassicacearum strain Am3 Aontaining 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Deaminase Can Show Both Pathogenic and Growth-Promoting Properties in Its Interaction with Tomato. Journal of Experimental Botany. 2007;58(6): 1485-1495. doi:10.1093/jxb/erm010
Sezen A. Bitki Büyümesini Teşvik Edici Bakterilerin İzolasyonu, İdentifikasyonu ve Nohut (Cicer arietinum L. cv. aziziye-94) Bitkisinde Biyogübre Ajanı Olarak Kullanılabilme Potansiyellerinin Belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Atatürk Üniversitesi. 2012;85p.
Verbon EH, Liberman LM. Beneficial Microbes Affect Endogenous Mechanisms Controlling Root Development. Trends in Plant Science. 2016;21(3): 218-229. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2016.01.013.
Janani N, Revathi K, Rengarajan R, et al. Indole Acetic Acid Production from Pseudomonas fluorescens and Its Effect on Root Elongation of Vigna Radiata. International Journal of Current Research. 2017;9(10):58454-58460.
Erdevil AZ, Aysan Y. Kavunda Bakteriyel Fide Yanıklığı Hastalığı’nın Biyolojik Mücadelesinde Rizosfer Bakterilerinin in vitro ve in vivo Koşullarda Kullanım Olanaklarının Belirlenmesi. Çukurova Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi. 2024;39(2):352-366.
Gupta A, Gopal M, Thomas GV, et al. Whole genome sequencing and analysis of plant growth promoting bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of plantation crops coconut, cocoa and areca nut. PLoS One. 2014; 9(8):e104259. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0104259
Park JH, Bolan N, Megharaj M, et al. Isolation of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria and Their Potential for Lead Immobilization in Soil. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2011;185(2-3):829-836. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.09.095
Liaqat F, Eltem R. Identification and Characterization of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from in vitro Cultures of Peach and Pear Rootstocks. 3 Biotech. 2016;6(120). doi:10.1007/s13205-016-0442-6
Ma Y, Rajkumar M, Zhang C, et al. Beneficial Role of Bacterial Endophytes in Heavy Metal Phytoremediation. Journal of Environmental Management. 2016;174:14-25. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.02.047
Özaktan H, Aysan Y, Yıldız F, et al. Fitopatolojide Biyolojik Mücadele. Türkiye Biyolojik Mücadele Dergisi. 2010;1(1):61-78.
Sayyed RZ, Gangure NS, Patel PR, et al. Siderophore Production by Alcaligenes feacalis and Its Application for Growth Promotion in Arachis hypgaea. Indian Journal of Biotechnology. 2010;9(3):302-307.
Louden BC, Haarmann D, Lynne AM. Use of Blue Agar CAS Assay for Siderophore Detection. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education. 2011;12(1):51-53. doi:10.1128/jmbe.v12i1.249
Ahmed E, Holmström AJM. Siderophores in Environmental Research: Roles and Applications. Microbial Biotechnology. 2014;7(3):196-208. doi:10.1111/1751-7915.12117
Shi P, Xing Z, Zhang Y, et al. Effect of heavy-metal on synthesis of siderophores by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ZGKD3. IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science. 2017;52(1):012103. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/52/1/012103
Duman K, Soylu S. Characterization of Antagonistic and Plant Growth-Promoting Traits of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Bean Plants Against Pseudomonas syringae pv. Phaseolicola. Plant Protection Bulletin. 2019;59(3):59-69. doi:10.16955/bitkorb.597214
Xu W, Xu L, Deng X, et al. Biological Control of Take-All and Growth Promotion in Wheat by Pseudomonas chlororaphis YB-10. Pathogens. 2021;10:903. doi:10.3390/pathogens10070903
Bakker AW, Schippers B. Microbial Cyanide Production in the Rhizosphere in Relation to Potato Yield Reduction and Pseudomonas spp-mediated Plant Growth-Stimulation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 1987;19(4):451-457.
Meena VS, Meena SK, Verma JP, et al. Plant Beneficial Rhizospheric Microorganism (PBRM) Strategies to Improve Nutrients Use Efficiency: A Review. Ecological Engineering. 2017;107:8-32. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5589-8_1
Anderson AJ, Kim YC. Biopesticides Produced by Plant-Probiotic Pseudomonas chlororaphis Isolates. Crop Protection. 2018;105:62-69. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2017.11.009
Trivedi P, Pandey A, Pandi LKS. In Vitro Evaluation of Antagonistic Properties of Pseudomonas corrugata. Microbiological Research. 2008; 163(3):329-336. doi:10.1016/j.micres.2006.06.007
Reetha S, Bhuvaneswari G, Thamizhiniyan P, et al. Isolation of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) Producing Rhizobacteria of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis and Enhance Growth of Onion (Allim cepa.L). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 2014;3(2):568-574.
Panichikkal J, Shibil Shad K, Athulya EC, et al. Rhizospheric Pseudomonas spp. with plant growth promotion and antifungal properties against Sclerotium rolfsii mediated pathogenesis in Vigna unguiculat. Plant Biotechnology Reports. 2021;15:483-491. doi:10.1007/s11816-021-00687-0
Jain R, Pandey A. A Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid Producing Polyextremophilic Pseudomonas chlororaphis (MCC2693) Strain, Isolated from Mountain Ecosystemi, Possesses Biocontrol And Plant Growth Promotion Abilities. Microbiological Research. 2016;190:63-71. doi:10.1016/j.micres.2016.04.017
Aşkın A. Ankara İli Ayaş, Beypazarı ve Nallıhan İlçelerindeki Domates Fideliklerinde Çökerten Hastalığına Neden Olan Bazı Fungal Patojenlere Karşı Patojen Olmayan Pseudomonasların Etkisinin Belirlenmesi. Doktora Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi. 2008;116p.
Hu S, Wang X, Sun W, et al. In Vitro Study of Biocontrol Potential of Rhizospheric Pseudomonas aeruginosa against Pathogenic Fungi of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Pathogens. 2021;10(11):1423. doi:10.3390/pathogens10111423
Naik PR, Raman G, Narayanan KB, et al. Assessment of Genetic and Functional Diversity of Phosphate Solubilizing Fluorescent Pseudomonas Isolated from Rhizospheric Soil. BMC Microbiology. 2008;8(230). doi:10.1186/1471-2180-8-230
Comeau D, Balthazar C, Novinscak A, et al. Interactions between Bacillus spp., Pseu-domonas spp. and Cannabis sativa promote plant growth. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2021;12:715758. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.715758
Ghadamgahi F, Tarighi S, Taheri P. Plant Growth-Promoting Activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa FG106 and Its Ability to Act as a Biocontrol Agent against Potato, Tomato and Taro Pathogens. Biology. 2022;11(1):140. doi:10.3390/biology11010140
Santos AM, Soares A, Luz J, et al. Microbial Interactions as a Sustainable Tool for Enhancing PGPR Antagonism against Phytopathogenic Fungi. Sustainability. 2024;16:2006. doi:10.3390/su16052006
Referanslar
Duraçe E, Dikmetaş DN, Karbancioglu-Guler F. Biyokontrol Yaklaşımı ile Küflerin Kontrolü. ITU Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2024;2(1):29-40.
Wang Y, Pei Y, Wang X, Dai X, Zhu M. Antimicrobial metabolites produced by the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): Bacillus and Pseudomonas. Advanced Agrochem. 2024;3:206-221. doi:10.1016/j.aac.2024.07.007
Kumar D, Singh M, Kumar S, et al. Fodder quality and nitrate estimation of oats grown under different nutrient management options. Indian Journal of Dairy Science. 2021;74(4):331-337. doi:10.33785/IJDS.2021.v74i04.007
Singh P, Kumar Singh R, Zhou Y, et al. Unlocking the strength of plant growth promoting Pseudomonas in improving crop productivity in normal and challenging environments: a review. Journal of Plant Interactions. 2022; 17(1): 220-238. doi:10.1080/17429145.2022.2029963
Cabot C, Bosch R, Martos S, et al. Salinity is a Prevailing Factor for Amelioration of Wheat Blast by Biocontrol Agents. Biological Control. 2018;125:81-89. doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2018.07.003
Imade EE, Babalola OO. Biotechnological utilization: the role of Zea mays rhizospheric bacteria in ecosystem sustainability. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2021;105(11):4487-4500. doi:10.1007/s00253-021-11351-6
Vassilev N, Vassileva M, Lopez A, et al. Unexploited Potential of Some Biotechnological Techniques for Biofertilizer Production and Formulation. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2015;99(12):4983-4996. doi:10.1007/s00253-015-6656-4
Tunç N. Avrupa Birliği‟nde Kullanılan Biyolojik Gübreler ve Biyolojik Gübre Kullanım Potansiyelinin Belirlenmesi. AB Uzmanlık Tezi. Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı. 2017;82p.
Scagliola M, Valentinuzzi F, Mimmo T, et al. Bioinoculants as Promising Complement of Chemical Fertilizers for a More Sustainable Agricultural Practice. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. 2021;4:622169. doi:10.3389/fsufs.2020.622169
Basu S, Rabara R, Negi S. Towards a Better Greener Future – an Alternative Strategy Using Biofertilizers I: Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria. Plant Gene. 2017;12:43-49.
Numan M, Bashir S, Khan Y, et al. Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria as an Alternative Strategy for Salt Tolerance in Plants: A Review. Microbiological Research. 2018;209:21-32. doi:10.1016/j.micres.2018.02.003
Gupta R, Kumari A, Sharma S, et al. Identification, Characterization and Optimization of Phosphate Solubilizing Rhizobacteria (PSRB) from Rice Rhizosphere. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2021;29(2022):35-42. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.075
Sözer Bahadır P. Mikrobiyal Gübre Olarak Çeşitli Bacillus Biyopreparatlarının Optimum Üretim Koşulları ve Performanslarının İncelenmesi. Doktora Tezi. Ege Üniversitesi. 2018;232p.
Mohanty P, Singh PK, Chakraborty D, et al. Insight into the role of PGPR in sustainable agriculture and environment. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. 2021;5. doi:10.3389/fsufs.2021.667150
Kloepper JW. 1994, Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria: Other Systems. Okon YY (ed.) Azospirillum Plant Associations içinde. Boca Raton, Fl, USA: CRC Press; 1994. p. 111-118.
Malusá E, Sas-Paszt L, Ciesielska J. Technologies for beneficial microorganisms inocula used as biofertilizers. The Scientific World Journal. 2012;1:491206. doi:10.1100/2012/491206
Suyal DC, Soni R, Sai S, et al. Microbial Inoculants as Biofertilizer. Microbial Inoculants in Sustainable Agricultural Productivity. 2016;1(1):311-318. doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2647-5_18
Bargaz A, Lyamlouli K, Chtouki M, et al. Soil Microbial Resources for Improving Fertilizers Efficiency in an Management System. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2018;9(1606). doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01606
Salsabila N, Hindersah R, Fitriatin BN. Enhancing broccoli growth by Bacillus rhizosphere bacteria. Current Research in Agricultural Sciences. 2024;11(2):56-63. doi:10.18488/cras.v11i2.3945
Morrison CK, Arseneault T, Novinscak A, et al. Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid Production by Pseudomonas fluorescens LBUM636 Alters Phytophthora infestans Growth and Late Blight Development. Phytopathology. 2017;107(3):273-279. doi:10.1094/PHYTO-06-16-0247-R
Etesami H, Maheshwari DK. Use of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPRs) with Multiple Plant Growth Promoting Traits in Stress Agriculture: Action Mechanisms and Future Prospects. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2018;156: 225-246. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.013.
Mekonnen H, Kibret M. The roles of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in sustainable vegetable production in Ethiopia. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture. 2021;8(15). doi:10.1186/s40538-021-00213-y
Altın N, Bora T. Bitki Gelişimini Uyaran Kök Bakterilerinin Genel Özellikleri ve Etkileri. Anadolu Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2005;15(2):87-103.
Aydoğdu A. Rhizobium Bakterileri Üzerine Etkiler. Selçuk Üniversitesi. 2011.
Arrebola E, Tienda S, Vida C, et al. Fitness Features Involved in the Biocontrol Interactions of Pseudomonas chlororaphis with Host Plants: the Case Study of PcPCL1606. Frontiers of Microbiology. 2019;10:719. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00719
Sun W, Shahrajabian MH, Soleymani A. The Roles of Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)-Based Biostimulants for Agricultural Production Systems. Plants. 2024;13:613. doi: 10.3390/plants13050613
Altındal N. Sinop İli Topraklarından İzole Edilen Pseudomonas Türlerinin Moleküler Karakterizasyonu. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Sinop Üniversitesi. 2015;130p.
Furmanczyk EM, Kaminski MA, Lipinski L, et al. Pseudomonas laurylsulfatovorans sp. nov., Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Degrading Bacteria, Isolated from the Peaty Soil of a Wastewater Treatment Plant. Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 2018;41(4):348–354. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2018.03.009
Çağlayan K. Biyogübre Olarak Pseudomonas Türlerinin Üretim Optimizasyonu. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ege Üniversitesi. 2021;168p.
Abat B. Growth of Agriculturally Important Pseudomonas spp. and Azotobacter Chroococcum on Beer Waste and Observation of Their Survival in Peat. MSc Tesis. Middle East Technical University. 2006;109p.
Aydın G. Çeşitli Gıda Ürünlerinden İzole Edilen Pseudomonas Türlerinde Siderofor Varlığı, Serum Direnci, Genişlemiş Spektrumlu Beta Laktamaz (Gsbl) Üretimi ve Antibiyotik Direncinin Belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi. 2010;121p.
Glick BR, Nascimento FX. Pseudomonas 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) Deaminase and Its Role in Beneficial Plant-Microbe Interactions. Microorganisms. 2021;9(12):2467. doi:10.3390/microorganisms9122467
Erdal P. Azot Fikse Eden Bazı Bakterilerin Biyogübre ve Biyokontrol Ajanı Olarak Kullanım Potansiyellerinin Belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi. 2013;149p.
Goswami D, Vaghela H, Parmara S, et al. Plant Growth Promoting Potentials of Pseudomonas spp. Strain OG Isolated from Marine Water. Journal of Plant Interactions. 2013;8(4):281-290. doi:10.2298/ABS141002029P
El-Nagdi WMA, Mahgoob AEA, Youssef MMA. Effect of certain Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates on root- knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on eggplant as affected by the time of addition. Pakistan Journal of Nematology. 2022;40(2):111-119. doi:10.17582/journal.pjn/2022/40.2.111.119
Çakmakçı R. Bitki Gelişimini Teşvik Eden Rizobakterilerin Tarımda Kullanımı. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2005;36(1):97-107.
Lobo CB, Tomás MSJ, Viruel E, et al. Development of Low-Cost Formulations of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria to be Used as Inoculants in Beneficial Agricultural Technologies. Microbial Research. 2019;219:12-25. doi:10.1016/j.micres.2018.10.012
Goyal RK, Mattoo AK, Augusta Schmidt M. Rhizobial–Host Interactions and Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Legume Crops Toward Agriculture Sustainability. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2021;12:669404. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.669404
Park M, Kim C, Yang J, et al. Isolation and Characterization of Diazotrophic Growth Promoting Bacteria from Rhizosphere of Agricultural Crops of Korea. Microbiological Research. 2005;160(2):127-133. doi:10.1016/j.micres.2004.10.003
Selvakumar G, Mohan M, Kundu S, et al. Cold Tolerance and Plant Growth Promotion Potential of Serratia marcescens Strain SRM (MTCC 8708) Isolated from Flowers of Summer Squash (Cucurbita pepo). Letters in Applied Microbiology. 2008;46(2):171-175. doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2007.02282.x.
Borgi MA, Saidi I, Moula A, et al. The Attractive BMA1 Strain Serratia plymuthica with High Rock Phosphate-Solubilizing Activity and Its Effect on the Growth and Phosphorus Uptake by Vicia faba L. Plants. Geomicrobiology Journal. 2020;37(5):437–445. doi:10.1080/01490451.2020.1716892
Walpola BC, Yoon MH. Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their coinoculation efficiency on tomato plant growth and phosphorous uptake. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 2013;7(3):266-275. doi:10.5897/AJMR12.2282
Kapri A, Tewari L. Phosphate Solubilization Potential and Phosphatase Activity of Rhizospheric Trichoderma spp. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. 2010;41(3):787–795. doi:10.1590/S1517-83822010005000031
Çelikten M, Bozkurt İA. Buğday Kök Bölgesinden İzole Edilen Bakterilerin Buğday Gelişimine Olan Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2018;23(1): 33-48.
Kundu BS, Gaur AC. Rice Responce to Inoculation with N2 Fixing and P Solubulizing Microorganisms. Plant Soil. 1984;79:227-234.
Alagawadi AR, Gaur AC. Azospriilium brasilense and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria on Yield of Sorghum in Dry Land. Tropical Agriculture. 1992;69:347-350.
Belimov AA, Dodd IC, Safronova VI, et al. Pseudomonas brassicacearum strain Am3 Aontaining 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Deaminase Can Show Both Pathogenic and Growth-Promoting Properties in Its Interaction with Tomato. Journal of Experimental Botany. 2007;58(6): 1485-1495. doi:10.1093/jxb/erm010
Sezen A. Bitki Büyümesini Teşvik Edici Bakterilerin İzolasyonu, İdentifikasyonu ve Nohut (Cicer arietinum L. cv. aziziye-94) Bitkisinde Biyogübre Ajanı Olarak Kullanılabilme Potansiyellerinin Belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Atatürk Üniversitesi. 2012;85p.
Verbon EH, Liberman LM. Beneficial Microbes Affect Endogenous Mechanisms Controlling Root Development. Trends in Plant Science. 2016;21(3): 218-229. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2016.01.013.
Janani N, Revathi K, Rengarajan R, et al. Indole Acetic Acid Production from Pseudomonas fluorescens and Its Effect on Root Elongation of Vigna Radiata. International Journal of Current Research. 2017;9(10):58454-58460.
Erdevil AZ, Aysan Y. Kavunda Bakteriyel Fide Yanıklığı Hastalığı’nın Biyolojik Mücadelesinde Rizosfer Bakterilerinin in vitro ve in vivo Koşullarda Kullanım Olanaklarının Belirlenmesi. Çukurova Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi. 2024;39(2):352-366.
Gupta A, Gopal M, Thomas GV, et al. Whole genome sequencing and analysis of plant growth promoting bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of plantation crops coconut, cocoa and areca nut. PLoS One. 2014; 9(8):e104259. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0104259
Park JH, Bolan N, Megharaj M, et al. Isolation of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria and Their Potential for Lead Immobilization in Soil. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2011;185(2-3):829-836. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.09.095
Liaqat F, Eltem R. Identification and Characterization of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from in vitro Cultures of Peach and Pear Rootstocks. 3 Biotech. 2016;6(120). doi:10.1007/s13205-016-0442-6
Ma Y, Rajkumar M, Zhang C, et al. Beneficial Role of Bacterial Endophytes in Heavy Metal Phytoremediation. Journal of Environmental Management. 2016;174:14-25. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.02.047
Özaktan H, Aysan Y, Yıldız F, et al. Fitopatolojide Biyolojik Mücadele. Türkiye Biyolojik Mücadele Dergisi. 2010;1(1):61-78.
Sayyed RZ, Gangure NS, Patel PR, et al. Siderophore Production by Alcaligenes feacalis and Its Application for Growth Promotion in Arachis hypgaea. Indian Journal of Biotechnology. 2010;9(3):302-307.
Louden BC, Haarmann D, Lynne AM. Use of Blue Agar CAS Assay for Siderophore Detection. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education. 2011;12(1):51-53. doi:10.1128/jmbe.v12i1.249
Ahmed E, Holmström AJM. Siderophores in Environmental Research: Roles and Applications. Microbial Biotechnology. 2014;7(3):196-208. doi:10.1111/1751-7915.12117
Shi P, Xing Z, Zhang Y, et al. Effect of heavy-metal on synthesis of siderophores by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ZGKD3. IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science. 2017;52(1):012103. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/52/1/012103
Duman K, Soylu S. Characterization of Antagonistic and Plant Growth-Promoting Traits of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Bean Plants Against Pseudomonas syringae pv. Phaseolicola. Plant Protection Bulletin. 2019;59(3):59-69. doi:10.16955/bitkorb.597214
Xu W, Xu L, Deng X, et al. Biological Control of Take-All and Growth Promotion in Wheat by Pseudomonas chlororaphis YB-10. Pathogens. 2021;10:903. doi:10.3390/pathogens10070903
Bakker AW, Schippers B. Microbial Cyanide Production in the Rhizosphere in Relation to Potato Yield Reduction and Pseudomonas spp-mediated Plant Growth-Stimulation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 1987;19(4):451-457.
Meena VS, Meena SK, Verma JP, et al. Plant Beneficial Rhizospheric Microorganism (PBRM) Strategies to Improve Nutrients Use Efficiency: A Review. Ecological Engineering. 2017;107:8-32. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5589-8_1
Anderson AJ, Kim YC. Biopesticides Produced by Plant-Probiotic Pseudomonas chlororaphis Isolates. Crop Protection. 2018;105:62-69. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2017.11.009
Trivedi P, Pandey A, Pandi LKS. In Vitro Evaluation of Antagonistic Properties of Pseudomonas corrugata. Microbiological Research. 2008; 163(3):329-336. doi:10.1016/j.micres.2006.06.007
Reetha S, Bhuvaneswari G, Thamizhiniyan P, et al. Isolation of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) Producing Rhizobacteria of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis and Enhance Growth of Onion (Allim cepa.L). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 2014;3(2):568-574.
Panichikkal J, Shibil Shad K, Athulya EC, et al. Rhizospheric Pseudomonas spp. with plant growth promotion and antifungal properties against Sclerotium rolfsii mediated pathogenesis in Vigna unguiculat. Plant Biotechnology Reports. 2021;15:483-491. doi:10.1007/s11816-021-00687-0
Jain R, Pandey A. A Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid Producing Polyextremophilic Pseudomonas chlororaphis (MCC2693) Strain, Isolated from Mountain Ecosystemi, Possesses Biocontrol And Plant Growth Promotion Abilities. Microbiological Research. 2016;190:63-71. doi:10.1016/j.micres.2016.04.017
Aşkın A. Ankara İli Ayaş, Beypazarı ve Nallıhan İlçelerindeki Domates Fideliklerinde Çökerten Hastalığına Neden Olan Bazı Fungal Patojenlere Karşı Patojen Olmayan Pseudomonasların Etkisinin Belirlenmesi. Doktora Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi. 2008;116p.
Hu S, Wang X, Sun W, et al. In Vitro Study of Biocontrol Potential of Rhizospheric Pseudomonas aeruginosa against Pathogenic Fungi of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Pathogens. 2021;10(11):1423. doi:10.3390/pathogens10111423
Naik PR, Raman G, Narayanan KB, et al. Assessment of Genetic and Functional Diversity of Phosphate Solubilizing Fluorescent Pseudomonas Isolated from Rhizospheric Soil. BMC Microbiology. 2008;8(230). doi:10.1186/1471-2180-8-230
Comeau D, Balthazar C, Novinscak A, et al. Interactions between Bacillus spp., Pseu-domonas spp. and Cannabis sativa promote plant growth. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2021;12:715758. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.715758
Ghadamgahi F, Tarighi S, Taheri P. Plant Growth-Promoting Activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa FG106 and Its Ability to Act as a Biocontrol Agent against Potato, Tomato and Taro Pathogens. Biology. 2022;11(1):140. doi:10.3390/biology11010140
Santos AM, Soares A, Luz J, et al. Microbial Interactions as a Sustainable Tool for Enhancing PGPR Antagonism against Phytopathogenic Fungi. Sustainability. 2024;16:2006. doi:10.3390/su16052006
