Laboratuar Analiz Teknikleri
Özet
Yem analizleri, hayvan besleme biliminde temel bir değerlendirme aracı olup, rasyonel besleme programlarının oluşturulmasında vazgeçilmez bir rol üstlenmektedir. Bu analizler, yemlerin kimyasal bileşimi ve besin madde içeriklerinin doğru şekilde belirlenmesini sağlayarak, hayvanların fizyolojik gereksinimlerinin karşılanmasında bilimsel bir zemin sunar. Antinutrient ve toksik bileşenlerin tespiti, yalnızca hayvan sağlığının korunması açısından değil, aynı zamanda üretim verimliliği ve ürün kalitesi bakımından da kritik öneme sahiptir. Yem analizlerine dayalı besleme stratejileri, hayvansal üretimde sürdürülebilirliği ve ekonomik verimliliği desteklerken, aynı zamanda gıda güvenliği zincirine dolaylı katkı sağlar. Bu yönüyle yem analiz süreçleri, hayvan besleme yönetiminin bilimsel temellere dayandırılmasında ve sektörel gelişimin yönlendirilmesinde stratejik bir araç niteliğindedir.
Referanslar
Adams, CA. Nutrition-based health in animal production.Nutrition Research Reviews; 2006.https://doi.org/10.1079/NRR2005115
Agemian H, Ford JS, Madsen NK. A robotic system for the preparation of environmental samples for the determination of nutrients;199. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7439(92)90035-E
Akande KE, Abubakar MM, Adegbola TA, Bogoro SE. Nutritional and Health Implications of Mycotoxins in Animal Feeds: A Review.Pakistan Journal of Nutrition; 2006. https://doi.org/10.3923/PJN.2006.398.403
Åkerlind M, Weisbjerg MR, Eriksson T, Tøgersen R, Udén P, Olafsson BL, Harstad OM, Volden H. Feed analyses and digestion methods; 2011. https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-718-9_5
Alali WQ, Ricke SC. The ecology and control of bacterial pathogens in animal feed;2012. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857093615.1.35
Alwash AH, Thomas P C. Effect of the size of hay particles on digestion in the sheep.Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture.; 1974. https://doi.org/10.1002/JSFA.2740250205
Asmare B. Biotechnological Advances for Animal Nutrition and Feed Improvement.World Journal of Agricultural Research;2014. https://doi.org/10.12691/WJAR-2-3-5
Bailoni L, Cattani M. Impact of Animal Feeding on the Nutritional Value and Safety of Food of Animal Origin ;2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1640-1_7
Balami A A, Adgidzi D, Mua’zu A. Development and testing of an animal feed mixing machine; 2013. International Journal of Basics and Applied Sciences, 1(3), 491-503.
Bauer S, Ibáñez AB. Rapid determination of cellulose.Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1002/BIT.25276
Bazarganı, Sahar. Brınkley, Julian; Tabrızı, Nasseh. Feed Analizcisi: Uygulama ve Değerlendirme. Dijital Bilgi Yönetimi Dergisi , 2014, 12.6.
Beauchemin, KA. Using ADF and NDF in dairy cattle diet formulation-a western Canadian perspective.Animal Feed Science and Technology;1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(95)00877-2
Bondi A, Alumot E. Anti-nutritive factors in animal feedstuffs and their effects on livestock.Progress of Food and Nutrition Science.; 1987.
Brera C, De Santis B, Prantera E. Animal feed sampling for contaminant analysis; 2012. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857093615.6.557
Bryan DD, Classen HL. In vitro methods of assessing protein quality for poultry. Animals; 2020;10(4), 551.
Cerrato E, Cheucle S, Colin B, Helleux V, Paris C..Method and device for chemical and/or biological analysis; 2011.
Cheli F, Battaglia D, Pinotti L, Baldi A. State of the art in feedstuff analysis: a technique-oriented perspective.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry;2012. https://doi.org/10.1021/JF302555B
Choudhary S, Raheja N, Yadav SK, Kamboj ML, Sharma A. A review: Pesticide residue: Cause of many animal health problems.Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies; 2018.
Coppock RW, Christian RG. CHAPTER 75 – Aflatoxins;2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012370467-2/50172-3
Esbensen KH, Paoletti C, Thiex N. Representative sampling for food and feed materials: a critical need for food/feed safety.Journal of AOAC International; 2015. https://doi.org/10.5740/JAOACINT.SGE_ESBENSEN_INTRO
Forni M. Laboratory animal science: a resource to improve the quality of science.Veterinary Research Communications;2007. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11259-007-0096-2
Green OR. Safety Procedures in the Laboratory; 2001. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0581-3_9
Günther KD, Abel HHJ. Ermittlung der Ernährungsphysiologischen Beschaffenheit Pflanzlicher Erzeugnisse Bei Wachsenden Schweinen.Plant Foods for Human Nutrition; 1979. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02590336
Hall M B. Feed analyses and their interpretation.Veterinary Clinics of North America-Food Animal Practice; 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CVFA.2014.07.001
Herrman TJ. Sampling: Procedures for feed; 2001.
Hodgson JG. The effect of the physical form of the diet on the consumption of solid food by calves, and the distribution of food residues in their alimentary tracts.Animal Production; 1973. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000335610001686X
Hu Z. Biological feed for livestock and preparation method of biological feed; 2018.
Hurle M.Safety in the Laboratory; 2001. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0139-7_10
Hutsol NV, Mysenko OO, Hultiaieva OV, Naidina TV. The use of by-products of oil and fat production in livestock breeding; 2019. https://doi.org/10.31073/KORMOVYROBNYTSTVO201987-21
Isogai A, Atalla RH. Dissolution of cellulose in aqueous NaOH solutions. Cellulose;1998; 5, 309-319.
Jedrejek D, Lević J, Wallace J, Oleszek W. Animal by-products for feed: characteristics, European regulatory framework, and potential impacts on human and animal health and the environment.Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences; 2016. https://doi.org/10.22358/JAFS/65548/2016
Jobling M. Feed composition and analysis;2007. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470999516.CH1
Jung HJG, Allen MS, Allen MS. Characteristics of plant cell walls affecting intake and digestibility of forages by ruminants.Journal of Animal Science; 1995. https://doi.org/10.2527/1995.7392774X
Kenaga EE. Use of biological tests for evaluation of pesticides.Pure and Applied Chemistry;1975. https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC197542010285
Kitessa SM, Flinn PC, Irish GG. Comparison of methods used to predict the in vivo digestibility of feeds in ruminants.Crop & Pasture Science;1999. https://doi.org/10.1071/AR98169
Kitessa S, Irish GG, Flinn PC. Comparison of methods used to predict the in vivo digestibility of feeds in ruminants. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research;1999;50(5), 825-842.
Komarek AR. Fiber analysis system.; 1993.
Krska R, Schubert-Ullrich P, Molinelli A, Sulyok M, MacDonald S, Crews C. Mycotoxin analysis: an update.Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-Chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment ; 2008. https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030701765723
Lanter KJ. High moisture ration.; 1991.
Liebana E, Hugas M. Assessment of the microbiological risks in feedingstuffs for food-producing animals; 2012. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857093615.1.66
Makange NR, Parmar RP, Sungwa N. Design and fabrication of an animal feed mixing machine. Advances in life sciences;2016;5(9), 3710-3715.
Makkar HPS.. Antinutritional factors in foods for livestock.BSAP Occasional Publication;1993. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263967X00031086
Makkar HPS, Ankers P. A need for generating sound quantitative data at national levels for feed-efficient animal production.Animal Production Science;2014. https://doi.org/10.1071/AN14377
Makkar HPS, Strnad I, Mittendorfer J. Proficiency Testing of Feed Constituents: A Comparative Evaluation of European and Developing Country Laboratories and Its Implications for Animal Production.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry;2016. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACS.JAFC.6B02452
Malomo GA, Ihegwuagu NE. Some aspects of animal feed sampling and analysis. Ideas and applications toward sample preparation for food and beverage analysis, 77;2017.
Malomo GA, Ihegwuagu NE. Some Aspects of Animal Feed Sampling and Analysis;2017. https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.70856
Menke KH, Raab L, Salewski A, Steingass H, Fritz D, Schneider W. The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. The Journal of Agricultural Science;1979; 93(1), 217-222.
Mironova N, Anishchenko A, Gusarov I.. Intensification of dairy cattle breeding on the basis of improving the methods of sampling feed. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science ;2019; Vol. 274, No. 1, p. 012037. IOP Publishing.
Momcilovic D, Rasooly A. Detection and analysis of animal materials in food and feed.Journal of Food Protection;2000. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-63.11.1602
Moreno-López J. Contaminants in feed for food-producing animals.Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences;2002.
Murphy SP, Allen LH. Nutritional Importance of Animal Source Foods.Journal of Nutrition;2003. https://doi.org/10.1093/JN/133.11.3932S
Nielsen SS. Protein Nitrogen Determination;2010. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1463-7_5
Noel RJ. Determination of crude protein in animal feeds, using block digestion followed by steam distillation: collaborative study.Journal - Association of Official Analytical Chemists.;1979; 62.2: 290-291. https://doi.org/10.1093/JAOAC/62.2.290
Olson EG, Grenda T, Ghosh A, Ricke SC.Microbial pathogen contamination of animal feed. In Present Knowledge in Food Safety, Academic Press.;2023;378-3793.
Patel TL. System and method for managing data for an equipment calibration laboratory. U.S. Patent No 5,918,191, 1999.
PELLETIER, Marcelin; BELANGER, Guy. Animal feed in granular form and process of preparing same. U.S. Patent Application No; 2004; 10/245,726.
Pérez-Marín, D., Garrido-Varo, A., Guerrero-Ginel, J. E., & Gómez-Cabrera, A. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for the mandatory labelling of compound feedingstuffs: chemical composition and open-declaration.Animal Feed Science and Technology.; 2004; 116.3-4: 333-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ANIFEEDSCI.2004.05.002
Perkins AE. Dry Matter Determination in Green Plant Material and in Silage.Journal of Dairy Science.;1943; 26.6: 545-551 https://doi.org/10.3168/JDS.S0022-0302(43)92751-1
Pinotti L, Dell’Orto V. Feed safety in the feed supply chain.Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement.;2011.
Pitt John I. Foodborne Infections and Intoxications: Chapter 30. Mycotoxins. Elsevier Inc. Chapters, 2013.
Plank David W. In vitro method for estimating in vivo protein digestibility. U.S. Patent No 9,738,920, 2017.
Pozdnyshev GN, Mansurov RI, Ruchkına RM. Procedure For Extractive Separation Of Crude Oils İnto Oils, Resins, And Asphaltenes. Chemistry And Technology Of Fuels And Oils, 1974, 10.10: 806-808.
Robens JF, Rıchard JL. Aflatoxins İn Animal And Human Health. Reviews Of Environmental Contamination And Toxicology: Continuation Of Residue Reviews; 1992; 69-94.
Robles AY, et al. Effect of particle size upon digestible cell wall and rate of in vitro digestion of alfalfa and orchardgrass forages. Journal of Animal Science, 1980; 51.4: 783-790.
Roggero PP, Bellon Stéphane, Rosales M. Sustainable Feeding Systems Based On The Use Of Local Resources. In: Annales De Zootechnie; 1996; P. 105-118.
Roy, Chanda Rani, Ahmed, Tasnia, Uddın, Md Aftab. Microbiological Analysis Of Poultry Feeds Along With The Demonstration Of The Antibiotic Susceptibility Of The İsolates And The Antibacterial Activity Of The Feeds. Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology;2017; 34.2: 103-107.
Salo-Väänänen Pirjo P, Koıvıstoınen Pekka E. Determination of Protein İn Foods: Comparison Of Net Protein And Crude Protein (N× 6.25) Values. Food Chemistry, 1996, 57.1: 27-31.
Schasteen, C. S., Et Al. An Enzyme-Based Protein Digestibility Assay For Poultry Diets. In: Proc. Multi‒State Poult. Meeting. May. 2002. P. 14-16.
Sharma, Raghubir P, Street Joseph C. Public Health Aspects of Toxic Heavy Metals İn Animal Feeds. Journal Of The American Veterinary Medical Association, 1980, 177.2: 149-153.
Sinovec, J. Z., Sefer, D., & Jokic, Z. (2005).Role of Minerals İn Animal Health Disorders. Https://Doi.Org/10.2298/VETGL0502155S
Soest, PJ, Van. Use Of Detergents İn The Analysis of Fibrous Feeds. II. A Rapid Method For The Determination Of Fiber And Lignin. Journal of Aoac Internatıonal, 1990;73(4), 491–497. Https://Doi.Org/10.1093/Jaoac/73.4.491
Štajdohar-Pađen, O. Education And Training of Laboratory Staff As A Part Of Laboratory Competence.Accreditation And Quality Assurance; 2008, 13.4: 267-270. . Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S00769-007-0352-8
Sumberg J. Livestock Nutrition And Foodstuff Research İn Africa: When İs A Nutritional Constraint Not A Priority Research Problem. Animal Science; 2002, 75.3: 332-338. Https://Doi.Org/10.1017/S1357729800053108
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Tımothy, Nachana’a; Wıllıams, E. Tagui. Environmental Pollution By Heavy Metal: An Overview. International Journal Of Environmental Chemistry, 2019, 3.2: 72-82.
Traxler, M. J., Et Al. Predicting Forage İndigestible NDF From Lignin Concentration. Journal Of Animal Science, 1998, 76.5: 1469-1480.
Trıpathı, M. K.; Karım, S. A. Minerals Requirement Of Small Ruminants With Special Reference To Their Role İn Rumen Fermentation–A Review. The Indian Journal Of Small Ruminants, 2008, 14.1: 1-47.
Turnbull, G. J. Pesticide Residues İn Food—A Toxicological View: Discussion Paper. Journal Of The Royal Society Of Medicine, 1984, 77.11: 932-935.
Van Es, A. J. H. Feeds Rich İn Cellulose İn Ruminant And Non-Ruminant Nutrition. Agriculture And Environment, 1981, 6.2-3: 195-204.
Van Soest, P. J., & Mcqueen, R. W. The Chemistry And Estimation Of Fibre. Proceedings Of The Nutrition Society,1973; 32(3), 123-130.
Van Soest, Pj Van, Robertson James B, Lewıs Betty A. Methods For Dietary Fiber, Neutral Detergent Fiber, And Nonstarch Polysaccharides İn Relation To Animal Nutrition. Journal Of Dairy Science, 1991, 74.10: 3583-3597.
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Referanslar
Adams, CA. Nutrition-based health in animal production.Nutrition Research Reviews; 2006.https://doi.org/10.1079/NRR2005115
Agemian H, Ford JS, Madsen NK. A robotic system for the preparation of environmental samples for the determination of nutrients;199. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7439(92)90035-E
Akande KE, Abubakar MM, Adegbola TA, Bogoro SE. Nutritional and Health Implications of Mycotoxins in Animal Feeds: A Review.Pakistan Journal of Nutrition; 2006. https://doi.org/10.3923/PJN.2006.398.403
Åkerlind M, Weisbjerg MR, Eriksson T, Tøgersen R, Udén P, Olafsson BL, Harstad OM, Volden H. Feed analyses and digestion methods; 2011. https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-718-9_5
Alali WQ, Ricke SC. The ecology and control of bacterial pathogens in animal feed;2012. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857093615.1.35
Alwash AH, Thomas P C. Effect of the size of hay particles on digestion in the sheep.Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture.; 1974. https://doi.org/10.1002/JSFA.2740250205
Asmare B. Biotechnological Advances for Animal Nutrition and Feed Improvement.World Journal of Agricultural Research;2014. https://doi.org/10.12691/WJAR-2-3-5
Bailoni L, Cattani M. Impact of Animal Feeding on the Nutritional Value and Safety of Food of Animal Origin ;2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1640-1_7
Balami A A, Adgidzi D, Mua’zu A. Development and testing of an animal feed mixing machine; 2013. International Journal of Basics and Applied Sciences, 1(3), 491-503.
Bauer S, Ibáñez AB. Rapid determination of cellulose.Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1002/BIT.25276
Bazarganı, Sahar. Brınkley, Julian; Tabrızı, Nasseh. Feed Analizcisi: Uygulama ve Değerlendirme. Dijital Bilgi Yönetimi Dergisi , 2014, 12.6.
Beauchemin, KA. Using ADF and NDF in dairy cattle diet formulation-a western Canadian perspective.Animal Feed Science and Technology;1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(95)00877-2
Bondi A, Alumot E. Anti-nutritive factors in animal feedstuffs and their effects on livestock.Progress of Food and Nutrition Science.; 1987.
Brera C, De Santis B, Prantera E. Animal feed sampling for contaminant analysis; 2012. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857093615.6.557
Bryan DD, Classen HL. In vitro methods of assessing protein quality for poultry. Animals; 2020;10(4), 551.
Cerrato E, Cheucle S, Colin B, Helleux V, Paris C..Method and device for chemical and/or biological analysis; 2011.
Cheli F, Battaglia D, Pinotti L, Baldi A. State of the art in feedstuff analysis: a technique-oriented perspective.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry;2012. https://doi.org/10.1021/JF302555B
Choudhary S, Raheja N, Yadav SK, Kamboj ML, Sharma A. A review: Pesticide residue: Cause of many animal health problems.Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies; 2018.
Coppock RW, Christian RG. CHAPTER 75 – Aflatoxins;2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012370467-2/50172-3
Esbensen KH, Paoletti C, Thiex N. Representative sampling for food and feed materials: a critical need for food/feed safety.Journal of AOAC International; 2015. https://doi.org/10.5740/JAOACINT.SGE_ESBENSEN_INTRO
Forni M. Laboratory animal science: a resource to improve the quality of science.Veterinary Research Communications;2007. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11259-007-0096-2
Green OR. Safety Procedures in the Laboratory; 2001. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0581-3_9
Günther KD, Abel HHJ. Ermittlung der Ernährungsphysiologischen Beschaffenheit Pflanzlicher Erzeugnisse Bei Wachsenden Schweinen.Plant Foods for Human Nutrition; 1979. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02590336
Hall M B. Feed analyses and their interpretation.Veterinary Clinics of North America-Food Animal Practice; 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CVFA.2014.07.001
Herrman TJ. Sampling: Procedures for feed; 2001.
Hodgson JG. The effect of the physical form of the diet on the consumption of solid food by calves, and the distribution of food residues in their alimentary tracts.Animal Production; 1973. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000335610001686X
Hu Z. Biological feed for livestock and preparation method of biological feed; 2018.
Hurle M.Safety in the Laboratory; 2001. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0139-7_10
Hutsol NV, Mysenko OO, Hultiaieva OV, Naidina TV. The use of by-products of oil and fat production in livestock breeding; 2019. https://doi.org/10.31073/KORMOVYROBNYTSTVO201987-21
Isogai A, Atalla RH. Dissolution of cellulose in aqueous NaOH solutions. Cellulose;1998; 5, 309-319.
Jedrejek D, Lević J, Wallace J, Oleszek W. Animal by-products for feed: characteristics, European regulatory framework, and potential impacts on human and animal health and the environment.Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences; 2016. https://doi.org/10.22358/JAFS/65548/2016
Jobling M. Feed composition and analysis;2007. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470999516.CH1
Jung HJG, Allen MS, Allen MS. Characteristics of plant cell walls affecting intake and digestibility of forages by ruminants.Journal of Animal Science; 1995. https://doi.org/10.2527/1995.7392774X
Kenaga EE. Use of biological tests for evaluation of pesticides.Pure and Applied Chemistry;1975. https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC197542010285
Kitessa SM, Flinn PC, Irish GG. Comparison of methods used to predict the in vivo digestibility of feeds in ruminants.Crop & Pasture Science;1999. https://doi.org/10.1071/AR98169
Kitessa S, Irish GG, Flinn PC. Comparison of methods used to predict the in vivo digestibility of feeds in ruminants. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research;1999;50(5), 825-842.
Komarek AR. Fiber analysis system.; 1993.
Krska R, Schubert-Ullrich P, Molinelli A, Sulyok M, MacDonald S, Crews C. Mycotoxin analysis: an update.Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-Chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment ; 2008. https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030701765723
Lanter KJ. High moisture ration.; 1991.
Liebana E, Hugas M. Assessment of the microbiological risks in feedingstuffs for food-producing animals; 2012. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857093615.1.66
Makange NR, Parmar RP, Sungwa N. Design and fabrication of an animal feed mixing machine. Advances in life sciences;2016;5(9), 3710-3715.
Makkar HPS.. Antinutritional factors in foods for livestock.BSAP Occasional Publication;1993. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263967X00031086
Makkar HPS, Ankers P. A need for generating sound quantitative data at national levels for feed-efficient animal production.Animal Production Science;2014. https://doi.org/10.1071/AN14377
Makkar HPS, Strnad I, Mittendorfer J. Proficiency Testing of Feed Constituents: A Comparative Evaluation of European and Developing Country Laboratories and Its Implications for Animal Production.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry;2016. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACS.JAFC.6B02452
Malomo GA, Ihegwuagu NE. Some aspects of animal feed sampling and analysis. Ideas and applications toward sample preparation for food and beverage analysis, 77;2017.
Malomo GA, Ihegwuagu NE. Some Aspects of Animal Feed Sampling and Analysis;2017. https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.70856
Menke KH, Raab L, Salewski A, Steingass H, Fritz D, Schneider W. The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. The Journal of Agricultural Science;1979; 93(1), 217-222.
Mironova N, Anishchenko A, Gusarov I.. Intensification of dairy cattle breeding on the basis of improving the methods of sampling feed. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science ;2019; Vol. 274, No. 1, p. 012037. IOP Publishing.
Momcilovic D, Rasooly A. Detection and analysis of animal materials in food and feed.Journal of Food Protection;2000. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-63.11.1602
Moreno-López J. Contaminants in feed for food-producing animals.Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences;2002.
Murphy SP, Allen LH. Nutritional Importance of Animal Source Foods.Journal of Nutrition;2003. https://doi.org/10.1093/JN/133.11.3932S
Nielsen SS. Protein Nitrogen Determination;2010. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1463-7_5
Noel RJ. Determination of crude protein in animal feeds, using block digestion followed by steam distillation: collaborative study.Journal - Association of Official Analytical Chemists.;1979; 62.2: 290-291. https://doi.org/10.1093/JAOAC/62.2.290
Olson EG, Grenda T, Ghosh A, Ricke SC.Microbial pathogen contamination of animal feed. In Present Knowledge in Food Safety, Academic Press.;2023;378-3793.
Patel TL. System and method for managing data for an equipment calibration laboratory. U.S. Patent No 5,918,191, 1999.
PELLETIER, Marcelin; BELANGER, Guy. Animal feed in granular form and process of preparing same. U.S. Patent Application No; 2004; 10/245,726.
Pérez-Marín, D., Garrido-Varo, A., Guerrero-Ginel, J. E., & Gómez-Cabrera, A. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for the mandatory labelling of compound feedingstuffs: chemical composition and open-declaration.Animal Feed Science and Technology.; 2004; 116.3-4: 333-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ANIFEEDSCI.2004.05.002
Perkins AE. Dry Matter Determination in Green Plant Material and in Silage.Journal of Dairy Science.;1943; 26.6: 545-551 https://doi.org/10.3168/JDS.S0022-0302(43)92751-1
Pinotti L, Dell’Orto V. Feed safety in the feed supply chain.Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement.;2011.
Pitt John I. Foodborne Infections and Intoxications: Chapter 30. Mycotoxins. Elsevier Inc. Chapters, 2013.
Plank David W. In vitro method for estimating in vivo protein digestibility. U.S. Patent No 9,738,920, 2017.
Pozdnyshev GN, Mansurov RI, Ruchkına RM. Procedure For Extractive Separation Of Crude Oils İnto Oils, Resins, And Asphaltenes. Chemistry And Technology Of Fuels And Oils, 1974, 10.10: 806-808.
Robens JF, Rıchard JL. Aflatoxins İn Animal And Human Health. Reviews Of Environmental Contamination And Toxicology: Continuation Of Residue Reviews; 1992; 69-94.
Robles AY, et al. Effect of particle size upon digestible cell wall and rate of in vitro digestion of alfalfa and orchardgrass forages. Journal of Animal Science, 1980; 51.4: 783-790.
Roggero PP, Bellon Stéphane, Rosales M. Sustainable Feeding Systems Based On The Use Of Local Resources. In: Annales De Zootechnie; 1996; P. 105-118.
Roy, Chanda Rani, Ahmed, Tasnia, Uddın, Md Aftab. Microbiological Analysis Of Poultry Feeds Along With The Demonstration Of The Antibiotic Susceptibility Of The İsolates And The Antibacterial Activity Of The Feeds. Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology;2017; 34.2: 103-107.
Salo-Väänänen Pirjo P, Koıvıstoınen Pekka E. Determination of Protein İn Foods: Comparison Of Net Protein And Crude Protein (N× 6.25) Values. Food Chemistry, 1996, 57.1: 27-31.
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