Yem Kalitesi Ve Kontrol Yöntemleri
Özet
Referanslar
FAO. Animal feed safety: risk assessment and management. FAO Reports. 2020.
Makkar HP. Animal nutrition in a 360-degree view and a framework for future R&D work: Towards sustainable livestock production. Animal Production Science. 2016;56(10):1561-1568.
Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science. 1991;74(10):3583–3597.
T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı. Yem Hijyeni Yönetmeliği. Resmî Gazete. 2022. Erişim adresi: https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr
AbuQamar S, El-Saadony M, et al. Ecological impacts and management strategies of pesticide pollution on aquatic life and human beings. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2024;206:116613. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116613.
Mould F. Predicting feed quality-chemical analysis and in vitro evaluation. Field Crops Research. 2003;84:31-44. doi:10.1016/S0378-4290(03)00139-4.
EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). Risk assessment of contaminants in feed. EFSA Journal. 2022.
Frimpong Y, Antwi C, Agbenyega O, et al. Nutrient profiling of ruminant feed resources in Ghana. Scientific African. 2022;15:e01495. doi:10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01495.
Kulkarni K, Tayade R, Asekova S, et al. Harnessing the potential of forage legumes, alfalfa, soybean, and cowpea for sustainable agriculture and global food security. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2018;9:1314. doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01314.
BASF. Feed safety and quality management in animal nutrition. BASF Animal Nutrition Reports. 2022.
Van Soest PJ. Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. (2nd ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; 1994.
McDonald P, Edwards RA, Greenhalgh JFD, Morgan CA, Sinclair LA, Wilkinson RG. Animal Nutrition. (7th ed.). Pearson Education Limited; 2011.
Dorji J, Macleod I, Chamberlain A, et al. Mitochondrial protein gene expression and the oxidative phosphorylation pathway associated with feed efficiency and energy balance in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science. 2020;103(7):6135–6150. doi:10.3168/jds.2020-18503.
Jędrejek D, Lević J, Wallace J, Oleszek W. Animal by-products for feed: characteristics, European regulatory framework, and potential impacts on human and animal health and the environment. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences. 2016;25(3):189-202. doi:10.22358/JAFS/65548/2016.
Musati M, Menci R, Luciano G, et al. Temperate nuts by-products as animal feed: A review. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2023;309:115787. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115787.
EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). Risk assessment of contaminants in feed. EFSA Journal. 2022.
Parisi G, Tulli F, Fortina R, et al. Protein hunger of the feed sector: the alternatives offered by the plant world. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2020;19(1):1204-1225. doi:10.1080/1828051X.2020.1827993..
Stein H, Lagos L, Casas G. Nutritional value of feed ingredients of plant origin fed to pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2016;218:33-69. doi:10.1016/J.ANIFEEDSCI.2016.05.003.
Hussain S, Bano A, Ali S, et al. Substitution of fishmeal: Highlights of potential plant protein sources for aquaculture sustainability. Heliyon. 2024;10:e26573. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26573.
Jafari S, Meng G, Rajion M, Ebrahimi M. The use of plant by-products as non-conventional feedstuff for livestock feeding with reference to rumen methanogenesis. Agroforestry Systems. 2019;94(6):1491-1500. doi:10.1007/s10457-019-00426-z.
Jung HG, Allen MS. Characteristics of plant cell walls affecting intake and digestibility of forages by ruminants. Journal of Animal Science. 1995;73(9):2774–2790.
Gaponov N, Yagovenko G. The lupine significance for forage production: lupin-and-rape concentrate as a source of valuable nutrients for animal feeding. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2021;723(2):022005. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/723/2/022005.
Kulkarni K, Tayade R, Asekova S, et al. Harnessing the potential of forage legumes, alfalfa, soybean, and cowpea for sustainable agriculture and global food security. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2018; 9:1314. doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01314.
Mertens DR. Creating a system for meeting the fiber requirements of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 1997;80(7):1463–1481.
Bryan A, Smith J, Lee K. The impact of feed quality on livestock production. Journal of Animal Nutrition Studies. 2024;12(2):150–168.
Capstaff NM, Miller AJ. Improving the nutritional value of forage crops for livestock feed. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2018; 9:1076. doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01076.
Dhaliwal SS, Naresh RK, Mandal A, et al. Soil health indicators and their improvement under sustainable agricultural practices. Environmental Sustainability. 2022;5(3):331–343. doi:10.1007/s42398-022-00238-7.
Chaucheyras-Durand F, Fonty G. Establishment of cellulolytic bacteria and development of fermentative activities in the rumen of gnotobiotically-reared lambs receiving the microbial additive Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077. Reproduction Nutrition Development. 2001;41(1):57–68.
Jiang Q, Sherlock D, Elolimy A, et al. Impact of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product during an intestinal barrier challenge in lactating Holstein cows on ileal microbiota and markers of tissue structure and immunity. Journal of Animal Science. 2023;101(1):skad309. doi:10.1093/jas/skad309.
Kim J, Bayo J, Cha J, et al. Investigating the probiotic characteristics of four microbial strains with potential application in feed industry. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(6):e0218922. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0218922.
Gupta S, Fečkaninová A, Lokesh J, et al. Lactobacillus dominate in the intestine of Atlantic salmon fed dietary probiotics. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2019;9:3247. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.03247.
Foysal M, Fotedar R, Siddik M, et al. Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. plantarum improve health status, modulate gut microbiota and innate immune response of marron (Cherax cainii). Scientific Reports. 2020;10:62655. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62655-y.
Hayat, M. K., Mumtaz, M. M., Ali, M. A., Huaira, A., Rehman, M. N. U., Shabbir, M. A., Usman, M., & Afzal, A. (2024). Optimizing livestock feed systems: A multi-faceted approach for sustainable and resilient animal agriculture—A comprehensive review. Journal of Plant and Biology. https://doi.org/10.59425/plant.jpb.24.010
Herrero M, Havlík P, Valin H, et al. Biomass use, production, feed efficiencies, and greenhouse gas emissions from global livestock systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2013;110(52):20888–20893. doi:10.1073/pnas.1308149110.
Taifouris M, Martín M. Integrating intensive livestock and cropping systems: Sustainable design and location. Agricultural Systems. 2022;103517. doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103517.
Mabhaudhi T, Chibarabada T, Sikka A. Status of integrated crop-livestock research in the mixed farming systems of the Global South: a scoping study. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. 2023;7:1241675. doi:10.3389/fsufs.2023.1241675.
Richter S, Scherer L, Hegwood M, et al. Conceptual framework for considering animal welfare in sustainability assessments of foods. Sustainable Production and Consumption. 2024;10:004. doi:10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.004.
Reyer H, Shirali M, Ponsuksili S, et al. Exploring the genetics of feed efficiency and feeding behaviour traits in a pig line highly selected for performance characteristics. Molecular Genetics and Genomics. 2017;292(4):1001–1011. doi:10.1007/s00438-017-1325-1.
Jofré F, Larregui D, Murcia V, et al. Infrared assisted digestion used as a simple green sample preparation method for nutrient analysis of animal feed by microwave induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Talanta. 2021;231:122376. doi:10.1016/J.TALANTA.2021.122376..
Miksusanti M, Sandi S, Yosi F, et al. The change of nutrients rations quality of feed fermented with different moisture content. Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability. 2019;3(2):47–53. doi:10.26554/IJEMS.2019.3.2.47-53.
Zhang X, Liu Y, Kong F, et al. Comparison of nutritional components, ruminal degradation characteristics and feed value from different cultivars of alfalfa hay. Animals. 2023;13(4):734. doi:10.3390/ani13040734.
Kilama J, Izhiman B, Wagali P, et al. Novel quality feed from a wasted resource: measuring the nutritional value of low-glycoalkaloids potato haulm in sheep. Frontiers in Animal Science. 2024;3:1242989. doi:10.3389/fanim.2023.1242989.
Nurhayati N, Berliana B, Nelwida N, et al. Nutritional quality of fermented feed for local chicken containing banana tree waste in Sidolego Village, Tabir Lintas District, Merangin Regency. Livestock and Animal Research. 2022;20(1):58398. doi:10.20961/lar.v20i1.58398.
Yıldız S. Silage quality, nutrient content and relative feed value of urea and molasses added sweet maize (Zea mays L. saccharata Sturt.) silage. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 2023. doi:10.18805/ijar.bf-1671.
Yıldız G. Yem Teknolojisi. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Açık Ders Malzemeleri; 2015.
Görgülü M. Genel Hayvan Besleme. Ankara: Ruminant Besleme Yayınları; 2018.
Özkan S. Kanatlı Hayvanların Beslenmesinde Sürdürülebilirlik Stratejileri. Ankara: Hayvansal Üretim Dergisi; 2022.
İpçak HH, Özüretmen S, Alçiçek A, et al. Alternatif protein kaynaklarının hayvan beslemede kullanım olanakları. Hayvansal Üretim. 2018;59(1):51–58. doi:10.29185/hayuretim.343285.
Yıldız G. Kanatlı hayvanların beslenmesinde sürdürülebilirlik stratejileri. DergiPark. 2022. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2345644
Koyuncu M. Sürdürülebilir Hayvansal Üretim. Gaziantep: Güneydoğu Anadolu İhracatçı Birlikleri; 2021.
ABP Ölçü Kontrol Sistemleri. Kimyasal Yem Analizi. https://abp.com.tr/yem-analizi/kimyasal-yem-analizi
Türkmen İ. Kaliteli yem nasıl anlaşılır? Hayvancılık Akademisi. 2020. https://hayvancilikakademisi.com/yazar/prof-dr-ismet-turkmen/kaliteli-yem-nasil-anlasilir/
Akbay Tohumcu S. Yem Bitkilerinde Kalite Tayini ve Kullanım Alanları. Iğdır: Iğdır Üniversitesi; 2017.
Mould F. Predicting feed quality-chemical analysis and in vitro evaluation. Field Crops Research. 2003;84:31-44. doi:10.1016/S0378-4290(03)00139-4.
Zaefarian F, Cowieson A, Pontoppidan K, Abdollahi M, Ravindran V. Trends in feed evaluation for poultry with emphasis on in vitro techniques. Animal Nutrition. 2021;7:268–281. doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2020.08.006.
Paulraj R, Ali S. Proximate composition analysis of feeds. 1982.
Silva M, Albuquerque T, Pereira P, Ramalho R, Costa H. Comparative analysis of the nutritional composition of pulp and peel of prickly pear. Annals of Medicine. 2018;51:168–168. doi:10.1080/07853890.2018.1562001.
Molognoni L, De Sá Ploêncio L, Machado A, Daguer H. The role of measurement uncertainty in the conformity assessment of the chemical composition of feeds. Microchemical Journal. 2017;131:79–91. doi:10.1016/J.MICROC.2016.11.014.
Matuszek D. Ultraviolet fluorescence in the assessment of quality in the mixing of granular material. Sustainability. 2020;12:1546. doi:10.3390/su12041546.
Yıldız G. Yem İşleme Teknolojisi. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Açık Ders Malzemeleri; 2015. Erişim adresi: https://acikders.ankara.edu.tr/mod/resource/view.php?id=34669
T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı. Yem Analizleri Laboratuvar Birimi. Ankara: T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı; 2025. Erişim adresi: https://gidalab.tarimorman.gov.tr/ankara/Menu/18/Yem-Analizleri-Laboratuvar-Birimi
Lee J, Kim H, Park S. Smart sensor technologies for livestock feed monitoring. Sensors. 2021;21(4):1125. doi:10.3390/s21041125.
Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science. 1991;74(10):3583–3597.
Zhang J, Zhao Y, Yan B. Environmental monitoring in livestock feed storage using smart sensors. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 2020;22(1):95–104.
Rehman MZU, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN. Electrochemical sensing technologies for precision animal nutrition. Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 2022;149:116563. doi:10.1016/j.trac.2022.116563.
T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı. Yem Hijyeni Yönetmeliği. Resmî Gazete. 2022. Retrieved from https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr
WTO (World Trade Organization). Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. Geneva: WTO; 2019.
Türk Standardları Enstitüsü. Yem Analiz Yöntemleri Standardı. Ankara: Türk Standardları Enstitüsü Yayınları; 2023.
T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı. Yem Hijyeni Yönetmeliği. Resmî Gazete. 2022. Retrieved from https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr
Soto FM, Hernández EM, et al. Use of smart sensor networks in animal feed control. Journal of Agricultural Informatics. 2019;10(2):1–12.
Van Huis A, Van Itterbeeck J, Klunder H, et al. Edible Insects: Future Prospects for Food and Feed Security. Rome: FAO; 2013.
Mould F. Predicting feed quality-chemical analysis and in vitro evaluation. Field Crops Research. 2003;84:31-44. doi:10.1016/S0378-4290(03)00139-4.
Parisi C, Vigani M, Rodríguez-Cerezo E. Agricultural nanotechnologies: What are the current possibilities? Nano Today. 2015;10(2):124–127. doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2014.09.009.
T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı. Yem Hijyeni Yönetmeliği. Resmî Gazete. 2023. Retrieved from https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr
Wang, M., Wan, D., Xie, X., et al. (2024). Crop-livestock integration: Implications for food security, resource efficiency and greenhouse gas mitigation. The Innovation Life, 2(4), 100103. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-life.2024.100103
Domínguez-Hernández, A., Juárez-Velázquez, A., Domínguez-Hernández, E., Zepeda-Bautista, R., Hernández-Aguilar, C., & Domínguez-Hernández, M. (2025). Impact of the integration level in crop–livestock systems on biomass production, nutrient recycling, and energy efficiency. Biomass, 5(2), 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomass5020019
Kichamu, N. (2025). The role of insect-based feed in mitigating climate change. Insects, 16(5), Article 516. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16050516
Abd El-Hack, M. E., Allam, A. A., Aldhalmi, A. K., et al. (2025). Integrating metabolomics for precision nutrition in poultry: optimizing growth, feed efficiency, and health. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 12, Article 1594749. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1594749
Hünerberg, M., Alemu, A. W., Kebreab, E., & McAllister, T. A. (2015). Nutritional management for enteric methane abatement: A review. Animal Production Science, 55(3), 187–200.
McCulloch, J. (2025, June 18). How the feed industry can drive a more sustainable livestock production sector. Innovation News Network.
Referanslar
FAO. Animal feed safety: risk assessment and management. FAO Reports. 2020.
Makkar HP. Animal nutrition in a 360-degree view and a framework for future R&D work: Towards sustainable livestock production. Animal Production Science. 2016;56(10):1561-1568.
Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science. 1991;74(10):3583–3597.
T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı. Yem Hijyeni Yönetmeliği. Resmî Gazete. 2022. Erişim adresi: https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr
AbuQamar S, El-Saadony M, et al. Ecological impacts and management strategies of pesticide pollution on aquatic life and human beings. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2024;206:116613. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116613.
Mould F. Predicting feed quality-chemical analysis and in vitro evaluation. Field Crops Research. 2003;84:31-44. doi:10.1016/S0378-4290(03)00139-4.
EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). Risk assessment of contaminants in feed. EFSA Journal. 2022.
Frimpong Y, Antwi C, Agbenyega O, et al. Nutrient profiling of ruminant feed resources in Ghana. Scientific African. 2022;15:e01495. doi:10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01495.
Kulkarni K, Tayade R, Asekova S, et al. Harnessing the potential of forage legumes, alfalfa, soybean, and cowpea for sustainable agriculture and global food security. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2018;9:1314. doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01314.
BASF. Feed safety and quality management in animal nutrition. BASF Animal Nutrition Reports. 2022.
Van Soest PJ. Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. (2nd ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; 1994.
McDonald P, Edwards RA, Greenhalgh JFD, Morgan CA, Sinclair LA, Wilkinson RG. Animal Nutrition. (7th ed.). Pearson Education Limited; 2011.
Dorji J, Macleod I, Chamberlain A, et al. Mitochondrial protein gene expression and the oxidative phosphorylation pathway associated with feed efficiency and energy balance in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science. 2020;103(7):6135–6150. doi:10.3168/jds.2020-18503.
Jędrejek D, Lević J, Wallace J, Oleszek W. Animal by-products for feed: characteristics, European regulatory framework, and potential impacts on human and animal health and the environment. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences. 2016;25(3):189-202. doi:10.22358/JAFS/65548/2016.
Musati M, Menci R, Luciano G, et al. Temperate nuts by-products as animal feed: A review. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2023;309:115787. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115787.
EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). Risk assessment of contaminants in feed. EFSA Journal. 2022.
Parisi G, Tulli F, Fortina R, et al. Protein hunger of the feed sector: the alternatives offered by the plant world. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2020;19(1):1204-1225. doi:10.1080/1828051X.2020.1827993..
Stein H, Lagos L, Casas G. Nutritional value of feed ingredients of plant origin fed to pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2016;218:33-69. doi:10.1016/J.ANIFEEDSCI.2016.05.003.
Hussain S, Bano A, Ali S, et al. Substitution of fishmeal: Highlights of potential plant protein sources for aquaculture sustainability. Heliyon. 2024;10:e26573. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26573.
Jafari S, Meng G, Rajion M, Ebrahimi M. The use of plant by-products as non-conventional feedstuff for livestock feeding with reference to rumen methanogenesis. Agroforestry Systems. 2019;94(6):1491-1500. doi:10.1007/s10457-019-00426-z.
Jung HG, Allen MS. Characteristics of plant cell walls affecting intake and digestibility of forages by ruminants. Journal of Animal Science. 1995;73(9):2774–2790.
Gaponov N, Yagovenko G. The lupine significance for forage production: lupin-and-rape concentrate as a source of valuable nutrients for animal feeding. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2021;723(2):022005. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/723/2/022005.
Kulkarni K, Tayade R, Asekova S, et al. Harnessing the potential of forage legumes, alfalfa, soybean, and cowpea for sustainable agriculture and global food security. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2018; 9:1314. doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01314.
Mertens DR. Creating a system for meeting the fiber requirements of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 1997;80(7):1463–1481.
Bryan A, Smith J, Lee K. The impact of feed quality on livestock production. Journal of Animal Nutrition Studies. 2024;12(2):150–168.
Capstaff NM, Miller AJ. Improving the nutritional value of forage crops for livestock feed. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2018; 9:1076. doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01076.
Dhaliwal SS, Naresh RK, Mandal A, et al. Soil health indicators and their improvement under sustainable agricultural practices. Environmental Sustainability. 2022;5(3):331–343. doi:10.1007/s42398-022-00238-7.
Chaucheyras-Durand F, Fonty G. Establishment of cellulolytic bacteria and development of fermentative activities in the rumen of gnotobiotically-reared lambs receiving the microbial additive Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077. Reproduction Nutrition Development. 2001;41(1):57–68.
Jiang Q, Sherlock D, Elolimy A, et al. Impact of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product during an intestinal barrier challenge in lactating Holstein cows on ileal microbiota and markers of tissue structure and immunity. Journal of Animal Science. 2023;101(1):skad309. doi:10.1093/jas/skad309.
Kim J, Bayo J, Cha J, et al. Investigating the probiotic characteristics of four microbial strains with potential application in feed industry. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(6):e0218922. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0218922.
Gupta S, Fečkaninová A, Lokesh J, et al. Lactobacillus dominate in the intestine of Atlantic salmon fed dietary probiotics. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2019;9:3247. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.03247.
Foysal M, Fotedar R, Siddik M, et al. Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. plantarum improve health status, modulate gut microbiota and innate immune response of marron (Cherax cainii). Scientific Reports. 2020;10:62655. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62655-y.
Hayat, M. K., Mumtaz, M. M., Ali, M. A., Huaira, A., Rehman, M. N. U., Shabbir, M. A., Usman, M., & Afzal, A. (2024). Optimizing livestock feed systems: A multi-faceted approach for sustainable and resilient animal agriculture—A comprehensive review. Journal of Plant and Biology. https://doi.org/10.59425/plant.jpb.24.010
Herrero M, Havlík P, Valin H, et al. Biomass use, production, feed efficiencies, and greenhouse gas emissions from global livestock systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2013;110(52):20888–20893. doi:10.1073/pnas.1308149110.
Taifouris M, Martín M. Integrating intensive livestock and cropping systems: Sustainable design and location. Agricultural Systems. 2022;103517. doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103517.
Mabhaudhi T, Chibarabada T, Sikka A. Status of integrated crop-livestock research in the mixed farming systems of the Global South: a scoping study. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. 2023;7:1241675. doi:10.3389/fsufs.2023.1241675.
Richter S, Scherer L, Hegwood M, et al. Conceptual framework for considering animal welfare in sustainability assessments of foods. Sustainable Production and Consumption. 2024;10:004. doi:10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.004.
Reyer H, Shirali M, Ponsuksili S, et al. Exploring the genetics of feed efficiency and feeding behaviour traits in a pig line highly selected for performance characteristics. Molecular Genetics and Genomics. 2017;292(4):1001–1011. doi:10.1007/s00438-017-1325-1.
Jofré F, Larregui D, Murcia V, et al. Infrared assisted digestion used as a simple green sample preparation method for nutrient analysis of animal feed by microwave induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Talanta. 2021;231:122376. doi:10.1016/J.TALANTA.2021.122376..
Miksusanti M, Sandi S, Yosi F, et al. The change of nutrients rations quality of feed fermented with different moisture content. Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability. 2019;3(2):47–53. doi:10.26554/IJEMS.2019.3.2.47-53.
Zhang X, Liu Y, Kong F, et al. Comparison of nutritional components, ruminal degradation characteristics and feed value from different cultivars of alfalfa hay. Animals. 2023;13(4):734. doi:10.3390/ani13040734.
Kilama J, Izhiman B, Wagali P, et al. Novel quality feed from a wasted resource: measuring the nutritional value of low-glycoalkaloids potato haulm in sheep. Frontiers in Animal Science. 2024;3:1242989. doi:10.3389/fanim.2023.1242989.
Nurhayati N, Berliana B, Nelwida N, et al. Nutritional quality of fermented feed for local chicken containing banana tree waste in Sidolego Village, Tabir Lintas District, Merangin Regency. Livestock and Animal Research. 2022;20(1):58398. doi:10.20961/lar.v20i1.58398.
Yıldız S. Silage quality, nutrient content and relative feed value of urea and molasses added sweet maize (Zea mays L. saccharata Sturt.) silage. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 2023. doi:10.18805/ijar.bf-1671.
Yıldız G. Yem Teknolojisi. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Açık Ders Malzemeleri; 2015.
Görgülü M. Genel Hayvan Besleme. Ankara: Ruminant Besleme Yayınları; 2018.
Özkan S. Kanatlı Hayvanların Beslenmesinde Sürdürülebilirlik Stratejileri. Ankara: Hayvansal Üretim Dergisi; 2022.
İpçak HH, Özüretmen S, Alçiçek A, et al. Alternatif protein kaynaklarının hayvan beslemede kullanım olanakları. Hayvansal Üretim. 2018;59(1):51–58. doi:10.29185/hayuretim.343285.
Yıldız G. Kanatlı hayvanların beslenmesinde sürdürülebilirlik stratejileri. DergiPark. 2022. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2345644
Koyuncu M. Sürdürülebilir Hayvansal Üretim. Gaziantep: Güneydoğu Anadolu İhracatçı Birlikleri; 2021.
ABP Ölçü Kontrol Sistemleri. Kimyasal Yem Analizi. https://abp.com.tr/yem-analizi/kimyasal-yem-analizi
Türkmen İ. Kaliteli yem nasıl anlaşılır? Hayvancılık Akademisi. 2020. https://hayvancilikakademisi.com/yazar/prof-dr-ismet-turkmen/kaliteli-yem-nasil-anlasilir/
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