Lezzet Arttırıcılar
Özet
Hayvanlar tatlı, tuzlu, ekşi, acı ve umami gibi temel tatlara evrimsel adaptasyonları, metabolik ihtiyaçları ve önceki besleme deneyimlerine bağlı olarak farklı tepkiler verir. Lezzet tat, koku ve doku gibi multisensoriyel girdilerin bütüncül algısıyla şekillenir; bu nedenle rasyon veya diyet formülasyonlarında hem kimyasal aroma bileşenlerinin profili hem de fiziksel partikül yapısı dikkate alınmaktadır. Tatlı ve umami genellikle yüksek kullanılabilir enerji ve azot varlığına işaret ederken; acı çoğu zaman potansiyel toksisite sinyali, belirgin ekşilik ise bozulma veya fermantasyon dengesizliğinin habercisi olabilir. Düşük molekül ağırlıklı uçucu aroma bileşikleri (laktonlar, esterler, terpenler, pirazinler, ketonlar, aldehitler, alkoller, yağ asitleri) bitkisel dokular, fermentatif süreçler ya da kontrollü ısıl reaksiyonlarla oluşur ve çok düşük konsantrasyonlarda bile yem çekiciliğini modüle edebilmektedir. Uygun seçilmiş ve dozlanmış lezzet artırıcılar özellikle başlangıç dönemindeki genç hayvanlarda, stres altındaki sürülerde, formülasyon değişikliklerinin geçiş fazlarında ve lezzetçe sınırlayıcı hammadde içeren rasyonlarda yem alımının istikrarına katkı sağlar. Lezzet arttırıcıların hayvan beslemede kullanım amacı, tüketim dalgalanmalarını azaltmak, rasyonun kabulünü hızlandırmak, besin madde kullanım verimliliğini dolaylı desteklemek ve sürdürülebilir üretim hedefleriyle uyumlu, izlenebilir bir duyusal strateji geliştirmektir. Bu bölümde, hayvan yemlerinde lezzet arttırıcıların kullanımını genel hatlarıyla değerlendirmekte ve yem tüketimi üzerindeki dolaylı performans etkileri açıklanmıştır.
Referanslar
Ahmad M. Effects of flavouring additives on feed intake and immune function of newly received feedlot cattle. MSC Thesis, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, 2022.
Atwood SB, Provenza FD, Wiedmeier RD, Banner RE. Changes in preferences of gestating heifers fed untreated or ammoniated straw in different flavors. J Anim Sci 2001; 79: 3027-33.
Bachmanov AA, Beauchamp GK. Taste receptor genes. Annual Review of Nutrition 2007; 27: 389-414.
Bauer JE. Facilitative and functional fats in diets of cats and dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2006; 229: 680-4.
Baumont R. Palatability and feeding behaviour in ruminants. A review. Annales De Zootechnie 1996; 45: 385-400.
Bergström A, Frantz L, Schmidt R, Ersmark E, Lebrasseur O, Girdland-Flink L, Skoglund P. Origins and genetic legacy of prehistoric dogs. Science 2020; 370: 557-64.
Blanch M, Carro MD, Ranilla MJ, Viso A, Vázquez-Añón M, Bach A. Influence of a mixture of cinnamaldehyde and garlic oil on rumen fermentation, feeding behavior and performance of lactating dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016; 219: 313-23.
Boya UO, Dotson MJ, Hyatt EM. A comparison of dog food choice criteria across dog owner segments: An exploratory study. International Journal of Consumer Studies 2015; 39: 74-82.
Broderick GA, Luchini ND, Reynal SM, Varga GA, Ishler VA. Effect on production of replacing dietary starch with sucrose in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 2008; 91: 4801-10.
Cannas A, Mereu A, Decandia M, Molle G. Role of sensorial perceptions in feed selection and intake by domestic herbivores. Italian J Anim Sci 2009; 8: 243-51.
Carlotto SB, Olivo CJ, Viégas J, Stiles DA, Gabbi AM, Brustolin KD, Charão PS, Rossarolla G, Ziech M, Pereira LET, Scaravelli LF. Performance and behavior of dairy calves fed diets containing milk and citric flavor agents. Ciência e Agrotecnologia 2007; 3: 889-95.
Catanese F, Distel RA, Provenza FD, Villalba JJ. Early experience with diverse foods increases intake of nonfamiliar flavors and feeds in sheep. J Anim Sci 2012; 90: 2763-73.
Chen M, Chen X, Nsor-Atindana J, Masamba KG, Ma J, Zhong F. Optimization of key aroma compounds for dog food attractant. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017; 225: 173-81.
Chen J, Lei Y, Zhang Y, He S, Liu L, Dong X. Beyond sweetness: The high-intensity sweeteners and farm animals. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020; 267: 114571.
Craig JM. Additives in pet food: are they safe? Journal of Small Animal Practice 2021; 1-12.
De Rosa G, Moio L, Napolitano F, Grasso F, Gubitosi L, Bordi A. Influence of flavor on goat feeding preferences. Journal of Chemical Ecology 2002; 28: 269-81.
Dhakal J, Aldrich CG. Use of medium chain fatty acids to mitigate Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 14028) on Dry Pet Food Kibbles. Journal of Food Protection 2020; 83: 1505-11.
Di Donfrancesco B, Koppel K, Swaney-Stueve M, Chambers E. Consumer acceptance of dry dog food variations. Animals 2014; 4: 313-30.
Distel RA, Iglesias RMR, Arroquy J, Merino J. A note on increased intake in lambs through diversity in food flavor. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 2007; 105: 232-7.
European Commission, Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety, (2021). European Union register of feed additives pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003. Annex I, List of additives (Çıkış tarihi 21.09.2021), Publications Office of the European Union.
Fadel HHM, Lotfy SN, Asker MMS, Mahmoud MG, Al-Okbi SY. Nutty-like flavour production by Corynebacterium glutamicum 1220T from enzymatic soybean hydrolysate. Effect of encapsulation and storage on the nutty flavouring quality. Journal of Advanced Research 2018; 10: 31-8.
Fahim NH, Kholif AE, Azzaz HH. Fennel and ginger improved nutrient digestibility and milk yield and quality in early lactating Egyptian buffaloes. Annals of Animal Science 2022; 22: 255-70.
Fathi MH, A. Riasi A, Allahresani A. The effect of vanilla calf starter on performance of Holstein calves. J Anim Feed Sci 2009; 18: 412-9.
Favreau A, Baumont R, Ferreira G, Dumont B, Ginane C. Do sheep use umami and bitter tastes as cues of post-ingestive consequences when selecting their diet? Applied Animal Behaviour Science 2010; 125: 115-23.
Favreau-Peigné A, Baumont R, Ginane C. Food sensory characteristics: Their unconsidered roles in the feeding behaviour of domestic ruminants. Animal 2013; 7: 806-13.
Ferrell F. Preference for sugars and nonnutritive sweeteners in young beagles. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 1984; 8: 199-203.
Folador JF, Karr-Lilienthal LK, Parsons CM, Bauer LL, Utterback PL, Schasteen CS, Bechtel PJ, Fahey GC. Jr. Fish meals, fish components, and fish protein hydrolysates as potential ingredients in pet foods. J Anim Sci 2006, 84, 2752-65.
Fuller MF. The Encyclopedia of Farm Animal Nutrition. Oxon, UK: CABI Publishing, 2004.
Geddes RF, Biourge V, Chang Y, Syme HM, Elliott J. The effect of moderate dietary protein and phosphate restriction on calcium-phosphate homeostasis in healthy older cats. J Vet Int Med 2016; 30: 1690-702.
Gherardi S, Black J. Effect of palatability on voluntary feed intake by sheep. Identification of chemicals that alter the palatability of a forage. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 1991; 42: 571-84.
Glaser D, Wanner M, Tinti J, Nofre C. Gustatory responses of pigs to various natural and artificial compounds known to be sweet in man. Food Chem 2000; 68: 375-85.
Ginane C, Baumont R, Favreau-Peigné A. Perception and hedonic value of basic tastes in domestic ruminants. Physiology and Behavior 2011; 104: 666-74.
Goatcher WD, Church DC. Taste responses in ruminants. I. Reactions of sheep to sugars, saccharin, ethanol and salt. J Anim Sci 1970; 30: 777-83.
Han X, Chen C, Zhang X, Wei Y, Tang S, Wang J, Tan Z, Xu L. Effects of dietary stevioside supplementation on feed intake, digestion, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites of goats. Animals 2019; 9: 32.
Harper MT, Oh J, Giallongo F, Lopes JC, Weeks HL, Faugeron J, Hristov AN. Short communication: Preference for flavored concentrate premixes by dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99: 6585-9.
Havekes CD, Duffield TF, Carpenter AJ, DeVries TJ. Effects of molassesbased liquid feed supplementation to a highstraw dry cow diet on feed intake, health, and performance of dairy cows across the transition period. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103: 5070-89.
Hellekant G, Hård af Segerstad C, Roberts T. Sweet taste in the calf: III. Behavioral responses to sweeteners. Physiology and Behavior 1994; 56: 555-62.
Hellekant G, Roberts T, Elmer D, Cragin T, Danilova V. Responses of single chorda tympani taste fibers of the calf (Bos taurus). Chemical Senses 2010; 35: 383-94.
Hof C. Use of sweeteners in animal nutrition. Lohmann Information 1999; 2: 10-4.
Jongwe C, Thakur SS, Kaur J, Mahesh MS. Effect of replacing groundnut cake with guar meal (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) in concentrate mixture with and without added sweetener and flavour on production performance of Sahiwal cows. Indian J Anim Nutr 2014; 31: 138-42.
Kalam SM, Savsani HH, Chavda MR, Odedra MD, Deendayal, Naliyapara HP, Patel SD, Belim SY. Flavoured additives in ruminant nutrition: A review. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition 2023; 40: 1-8.
Khan MA, Bach A, Weary DM, Von Keyserlingk MAG. Invited review: Transitioning from milk to solid feed in dairy heifers. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99: 885-902.
Koppel K. Sensory analysis of pet foods. J Sci Food Agric 2014; 94: 2148-53.
Laflamme DP, Abood SK, Fascetti AJ, Fleeman LM, Freeman LM, Michel KE, Buer C, Kemp BL, Doren JR, Willoughby KN. Pet feeding practices of dog and cat owners in the United States and Australia. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2008; 232: 687-94.
Lejonklev J, Løkke MM, Larsen MK, Mortensen G, Petersen MA, Weisbjerg MR. Transfer of terpenes from essential oils into cow milk. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96: 4235-41.
Li X, Li W, Wang H, Cao J, Maehashi K, Huang L, Bachmanov AA, Reed DR, Legrand-Defretin V, Beauchamp GK 2005. Pseudogenization of a sweet-receptor gene accounts for cats’ indifference toward sugar. PLoS Genetics 2005; 1: 27-35.
Longo MA, Sanroman MA. Production of food aroma compounds: Microbial and enzymatic methodologies. Food Technology and Biotechnology 2006; 44(3): 335-53.
Luscombe-Marsh ND, Smeets AJ, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Taste sensitivity for monosodium glutamate and an increased liking of dietary protein. British Journal of Nutrition 2008; 99: 904-8.
Martínez-Alvarez O, Chamorro S, Brenes A. Protein hydrolysates from animal processing by-products as a source of bioactive molecules with interest in animal feeding: A review. Food Research International 2015; 73: 204-12.
McMeniman JP, Rivera JD, Schlegel P, Rounds W, Galyean ML. Effects of an artificial sweetener on health, performance, and dietary preference of feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci 2006; 84: 2491-500.
Montoro C, Ipharraguerre I, Bach A. Effect of flavoring a starter in a same manner as a milk replacer on intake and performance of calves. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011; 164: 130-4.
Moran AW, Al-Rammahi M, Zhang C, Bravo D, Calsamiglia S, Shirazi-Beechey SP. Sweet taste receptor expression in ruminant intestine and its activation by artificial sweeteners to regulate glucose absorption. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97: 4955-72.
Morand-Fehr P, Ben Ayed M, Hervieu J, Lescoat P. Relationship between palatability and rate of intake in goats. In: Lindberg JE, Gonda HL, Ledin I. (eds.). Recent advances in small ruminant nutrition. Zaragoza; CIHEAM, 1997, p. 121-3.
Mottram DS. Flavor compounds formed during the Maillard reaction. In ACS Symposium Series (543) Thermally Generated Flavors; Parliament TH, Morello MJ, McGorrin RJ, Eds, Washington, DC, USA: American Chemical Society, 1994; pp. 104-26.
Murphy LA, Coleman AE. Xylitol toxicosis in dogs. Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice 2012; 42: 307-12.
Mwangi F, Dallasheh A, Kalyesubula M, Reicher N, Sabastian C, Mabjeesh SJ. Diet preference, feed efficiency and expression of the sodium-dependent glucose transporter isoform1 and sweet taste receptors in the jejunum of lambs supplemented with different flavours. Animals 2023; 13: 1417.
Nadeem H. Basics of feed flavoring agents for poultry, ruminants. A look at how higher palatability improves animal performance. Feed Strategy May 10, 2023.
Naveen P, Chouraddi R, Anil, Akash, Anand VM, Yadav S, Singh AK, Nair PM, Gujjalkar P, Jigyasha, Durge A. Different taste enhancing feed additives in livestock feeding- a review. Multilogic in Science 2022; 12: 322-9.
Neumann NJ, Fasshauer M. Added flavors: Potential contributors to body weight gain and obesity? BMC Med 2022; 20: 417.
Oh J, Harper M, Giallongo F, Bravo DM, Wall EH, Hristov AN. Effects of rumen-protected Capsicum oleoresin on productivity and responses to a glucose tolerance test in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100: 1888-901.
Panakkal EJ, Kitiborwornkul N, Sriariyanun M, Ratanapoompinyo J, Yasurin P, Asavasanti S. Production of food flavouring agents by enzymatic reaction and microbial fermentation. Applied Science and Engineering Progress 2021; 14(3): 297-312.
Pandi K, Ranjan A. Taste matters: Unraveling the significance of feed additives in enhancing feed palatability. Feed Additive 9 August 2023.
Pepino MY, Bourne C. Non-nutritive sweeteners, energy balance, and glucose homeostasis. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care 2011; 14: 391-5.
Ponce CH, Brown MS, Silva JS, Schlegel P, Rounds W, Hallford DM. Effects of a dietary sweetener on growth performance and health of stressed beef calves and on diet digestibility and plasma and urinary metabolite concentrations of healthy calves. J Anim Sci 2014; 92: 1630-8.
Samant SS, Crandall PG, Jarma Arroyo SE, Seo HS. Dry pet food flavor enhancers and their impact on palatability: A Review. Foods 2021; 10: 2599.
Shah MA, Friedman EJ, Bahaa AO, Murphy MR. Effect of liquid flavor supplementation of the diet on dairy cows in the transition period. J Dairy Sci 2004; 87: 1872-7.
Sharma A, Sharma P, Singh J, Singh S, Nain L. Prospecting the potential of agro residues as substrate for microbial flavor production. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 2020; 4(18).
Summers SC, Stockman J, Larsen JA, Zhang L, Rodriguez AS. Evaluation of phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium content in commercially available foods formulated for healthy cats. J Vet Int Med 2020; 34: 266-73.
Steiner T. Phytogenics in Animal Nutrition, Natural Concepts to Optimize Gut Health and Performance. Nottingham, NG11 0AX, United Kingdom: Nottingham University Press, 2009.
Thomas LC, Wright TC, Formusiak A, Cant JP, Osborne VR. Use of flavored drinking water in calves and lactating dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90: 3831-7.
Tôrres CL, Hickenbottom SJ, Rogers QR. Palatability affects the percentage of metabolizable energy as protein selected by adult beagles. J Nutr 2003; 133: 3516-22.
Valentin D, Chrea C, Nguyen DH. Taste-Odour Interactions in Sweet Taste Perception. Optimising Sweet Taste in Foods. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing Ltd; 2006.
Villalba JJ, Bach A, Ipharraguerre IR. Feeding behavior and performance of lambs are influenced by flavor diversity. J Anim Sci 2011; 89: 2571-81.
Yang WZ, Ametaj BN, Benchaar C, He ML, Beauchemin KA. Cinnamaldehyde in feedlot cattle diets: Intake, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and blood metabolites. J Anim Sci 2010; 88: 1082-92.
Zhang W, He H, Gong L, Lai W, Dong B, Zhang L, Effects of sweetener sucralose on diet preference, growth performance and hematological and biochemical parameters of weaned piglets. Asian-Australasian J Anim Sci 2019; 33: 802-11.
Zhu L, Wang G, Dong B, Peng C, Tian Y, Gong L. Effects of sweetener neotame on diet preference, performance and hematological and biochemical parameters of weaned piglets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016; 214: 86-94.
Referanslar
Ahmad M. Effects of flavouring additives on feed intake and immune function of newly received feedlot cattle. MSC Thesis, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, 2022.
Atwood SB, Provenza FD, Wiedmeier RD, Banner RE. Changes in preferences of gestating heifers fed untreated or ammoniated straw in different flavors. J Anim Sci 2001; 79: 3027-33.
Bachmanov AA, Beauchamp GK. Taste receptor genes. Annual Review of Nutrition 2007; 27: 389-414.
Bauer JE. Facilitative and functional fats in diets of cats and dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2006; 229: 680-4.
Baumont R. Palatability and feeding behaviour in ruminants. A review. Annales De Zootechnie 1996; 45: 385-400.
Bergström A, Frantz L, Schmidt R, Ersmark E, Lebrasseur O, Girdland-Flink L, Skoglund P. Origins and genetic legacy of prehistoric dogs. Science 2020; 370: 557-64.
Blanch M, Carro MD, Ranilla MJ, Viso A, Vázquez-Añón M, Bach A. Influence of a mixture of cinnamaldehyde and garlic oil on rumen fermentation, feeding behavior and performance of lactating dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016; 219: 313-23.
Boya UO, Dotson MJ, Hyatt EM. A comparison of dog food choice criteria across dog owner segments: An exploratory study. International Journal of Consumer Studies 2015; 39: 74-82.
Broderick GA, Luchini ND, Reynal SM, Varga GA, Ishler VA. Effect on production of replacing dietary starch with sucrose in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 2008; 91: 4801-10.
Cannas A, Mereu A, Decandia M, Molle G. Role of sensorial perceptions in feed selection and intake by domestic herbivores. Italian J Anim Sci 2009; 8: 243-51.
Carlotto SB, Olivo CJ, Viégas J, Stiles DA, Gabbi AM, Brustolin KD, Charão PS, Rossarolla G, Ziech M, Pereira LET, Scaravelli LF. Performance and behavior of dairy calves fed diets containing milk and citric flavor agents. Ciência e Agrotecnologia 2007; 3: 889-95.
Catanese F, Distel RA, Provenza FD, Villalba JJ. Early experience with diverse foods increases intake of nonfamiliar flavors and feeds in sheep. J Anim Sci 2012; 90: 2763-73.
Chen M, Chen X, Nsor-Atindana J, Masamba KG, Ma J, Zhong F. Optimization of key aroma compounds for dog food attractant. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017; 225: 173-81.
Chen J, Lei Y, Zhang Y, He S, Liu L, Dong X. Beyond sweetness: The high-intensity sweeteners and farm animals. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020; 267: 114571.
Craig JM. Additives in pet food: are they safe? Journal of Small Animal Practice 2021; 1-12.
De Rosa G, Moio L, Napolitano F, Grasso F, Gubitosi L, Bordi A. Influence of flavor on goat feeding preferences. Journal of Chemical Ecology 2002; 28: 269-81.
Dhakal J, Aldrich CG. Use of medium chain fatty acids to mitigate Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 14028) on Dry Pet Food Kibbles. Journal of Food Protection 2020; 83: 1505-11.
Di Donfrancesco B, Koppel K, Swaney-Stueve M, Chambers E. Consumer acceptance of dry dog food variations. Animals 2014; 4: 313-30.
Distel RA, Iglesias RMR, Arroquy J, Merino J. A note on increased intake in lambs through diversity in food flavor. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 2007; 105: 232-7.
European Commission, Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety, (2021). European Union register of feed additives pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003. Annex I, List of additives (Çıkış tarihi 21.09.2021), Publications Office of the European Union.
Fadel HHM, Lotfy SN, Asker MMS, Mahmoud MG, Al-Okbi SY. Nutty-like flavour production by Corynebacterium glutamicum 1220T from enzymatic soybean hydrolysate. Effect of encapsulation and storage on the nutty flavouring quality. Journal of Advanced Research 2018; 10: 31-8.
Fahim NH, Kholif AE, Azzaz HH. Fennel and ginger improved nutrient digestibility and milk yield and quality in early lactating Egyptian buffaloes. Annals of Animal Science 2022; 22: 255-70.
Fathi MH, A. Riasi A, Allahresani A. The effect of vanilla calf starter on performance of Holstein calves. J Anim Feed Sci 2009; 18: 412-9.
Favreau A, Baumont R, Ferreira G, Dumont B, Ginane C. Do sheep use umami and bitter tastes as cues of post-ingestive consequences when selecting their diet? Applied Animal Behaviour Science 2010; 125: 115-23.
Favreau-Peigné A, Baumont R, Ginane C. Food sensory characteristics: Their unconsidered roles in the feeding behaviour of domestic ruminants. Animal 2013; 7: 806-13.
Ferrell F. Preference for sugars and nonnutritive sweeteners in young beagles. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 1984; 8: 199-203.
Folador JF, Karr-Lilienthal LK, Parsons CM, Bauer LL, Utterback PL, Schasteen CS, Bechtel PJ, Fahey GC. Jr. Fish meals, fish components, and fish protein hydrolysates as potential ingredients in pet foods. J Anim Sci 2006, 84, 2752-65.
Fuller MF. The Encyclopedia of Farm Animal Nutrition. Oxon, UK: CABI Publishing, 2004.
Geddes RF, Biourge V, Chang Y, Syme HM, Elliott J. The effect of moderate dietary protein and phosphate restriction on calcium-phosphate homeostasis in healthy older cats. J Vet Int Med 2016; 30: 1690-702.
Gherardi S, Black J. Effect of palatability on voluntary feed intake by sheep. Identification of chemicals that alter the palatability of a forage. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 1991; 42: 571-84.
Glaser D, Wanner M, Tinti J, Nofre C. Gustatory responses of pigs to various natural and artificial compounds known to be sweet in man. Food Chem 2000; 68: 375-85.
Ginane C, Baumont R, Favreau-Peigné A. Perception and hedonic value of basic tastes in domestic ruminants. Physiology and Behavior 2011; 104: 666-74.
Goatcher WD, Church DC. Taste responses in ruminants. I. Reactions of sheep to sugars, saccharin, ethanol and salt. J Anim Sci 1970; 30: 777-83.
Han X, Chen C, Zhang X, Wei Y, Tang S, Wang J, Tan Z, Xu L. Effects of dietary stevioside supplementation on feed intake, digestion, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites of goats. Animals 2019; 9: 32.
Harper MT, Oh J, Giallongo F, Lopes JC, Weeks HL, Faugeron J, Hristov AN. Short communication: Preference for flavored concentrate premixes by dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99: 6585-9.
Havekes CD, Duffield TF, Carpenter AJ, DeVries TJ. Effects of molassesbased liquid feed supplementation to a highstraw dry cow diet on feed intake, health, and performance of dairy cows across the transition period. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103: 5070-89.
Hellekant G, Hård af Segerstad C, Roberts T. Sweet taste in the calf: III. Behavioral responses to sweeteners. Physiology and Behavior 1994; 56: 555-62.
Hellekant G, Roberts T, Elmer D, Cragin T, Danilova V. Responses of single chorda tympani taste fibers of the calf (Bos taurus). Chemical Senses 2010; 35: 383-94.
Hof C. Use of sweeteners in animal nutrition. Lohmann Information 1999; 2: 10-4.
Jongwe C, Thakur SS, Kaur J, Mahesh MS. Effect of replacing groundnut cake with guar meal (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) in concentrate mixture with and without added sweetener and flavour on production performance of Sahiwal cows. Indian J Anim Nutr 2014; 31: 138-42.
Kalam SM, Savsani HH, Chavda MR, Odedra MD, Deendayal, Naliyapara HP, Patel SD, Belim SY. Flavoured additives in ruminant nutrition: A review. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition 2023; 40: 1-8.
Khan MA, Bach A, Weary DM, Von Keyserlingk MAG. Invited review: Transitioning from milk to solid feed in dairy heifers. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99: 885-902.
Koppel K. Sensory analysis of pet foods. J Sci Food Agric 2014; 94: 2148-53.
Laflamme DP, Abood SK, Fascetti AJ, Fleeman LM, Freeman LM, Michel KE, Buer C, Kemp BL, Doren JR, Willoughby KN. Pet feeding practices of dog and cat owners in the United States and Australia. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2008; 232: 687-94.
Lejonklev J, Løkke MM, Larsen MK, Mortensen G, Petersen MA, Weisbjerg MR. Transfer of terpenes from essential oils into cow milk. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96: 4235-41.
Li X, Li W, Wang H, Cao J, Maehashi K, Huang L, Bachmanov AA, Reed DR, Legrand-Defretin V, Beauchamp GK 2005. Pseudogenization of a sweet-receptor gene accounts for cats’ indifference toward sugar. PLoS Genetics 2005; 1: 27-35.
Longo MA, Sanroman MA. Production of food aroma compounds: Microbial and enzymatic methodologies. Food Technology and Biotechnology 2006; 44(3): 335-53.
Luscombe-Marsh ND, Smeets AJ, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Taste sensitivity for monosodium glutamate and an increased liking of dietary protein. British Journal of Nutrition 2008; 99: 904-8.
Martínez-Alvarez O, Chamorro S, Brenes A. Protein hydrolysates from animal processing by-products as a source of bioactive molecules with interest in animal feeding: A review. Food Research International 2015; 73: 204-12.
McMeniman JP, Rivera JD, Schlegel P, Rounds W, Galyean ML. Effects of an artificial sweetener on health, performance, and dietary preference of feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci 2006; 84: 2491-500.
Montoro C, Ipharraguerre I, Bach A. Effect of flavoring a starter in a same manner as a milk replacer on intake and performance of calves. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011; 164: 130-4.
Moran AW, Al-Rammahi M, Zhang C, Bravo D, Calsamiglia S, Shirazi-Beechey SP. Sweet taste receptor expression in ruminant intestine and its activation by artificial sweeteners to regulate glucose absorption. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97: 4955-72.
Morand-Fehr P, Ben Ayed M, Hervieu J, Lescoat P. Relationship between palatability and rate of intake in goats. In: Lindberg JE, Gonda HL, Ledin I. (eds.). Recent advances in small ruminant nutrition. Zaragoza; CIHEAM, 1997, p. 121-3.
Mottram DS. Flavor compounds formed during the Maillard reaction. In ACS Symposium Series (543) Thermally Generated Flavors; Parliament TH, Morello MJ, McGorrin RJ, Eds, Washington, DC, USA: American Chemical Society, 1994; pp. 104-26.
Murphy LA, Coleman AE. Xylitol toxicosis in dogs. Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice 2012; 42: 307-12.
Mwangi F, Dallasheh A, Kalyesubula M, Reicher N, Sabastian C, Mabjeesh SJ. Diet preference, feed efficiency and expression of the sodium-dependent glucose transporter isoform1 and sweet taste receptors in the jejunum of lambs supplemented with different flavours. Animals 2023; 13: 1417.
Nadeem H. Basics of feed flavoring agents for poultry, ruminants. A look at how higher palatability improves animal performance. Feed Strategy May 10, 2023.
Naveen P, Chouraddi R, Anil, Akash, Anand VM, Yadav S, Singh AK, Nair PM, Gujjalkar P, Jigyasha, Durge A. Different taste enhancing feed additives in livestock feeding- a review. Multilogic in Science 2022; 12: 322-9.
Neumann NJ, Fasshauer M. Added flavors: Potential contributors to body weight gain and obesity? BMC Med 2022; 20: 417.
Oh J, Harper M, Giallongo F, Bravo DM, Wall EH, Hristov AN. Effects of rumen-protected Capsicum oleoresin on productivity and responses to a glucose tolerance test in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100: 1888-901.
Panakkal EJ, Kitiborwornkul N, Sriariyanun M, Ratanapoompinyo J, Yasurin P, Asavasanti S. Production of food flavouring agents by enzymatic reaction and microbial fermentation. Applied Science and Engineering Progress 2021; 14(3): 297-312.
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