Karotenoidler

Özet

Karotenoidler, bitkiler, algler, mantarlar ve bakteriler tarafından sentezlenen, sarı, turuncu ve kırmızı renk tonlarından sorumlu doğal pigmentlerdir. Günümüzde 1100’den fazla karotenoid tanımlanmıştır. Fotosentezde ışık toplama, fotooksidatif zararlara karşı koruma ve hormon biyosentezinde öncü madde olma gibi işlevlere sahip olan karotenoidler, aynı zamanda antioksidan özellikleri ve provitamin A aktiviteleri ile dikkat çekmektedir. İnsanlar ve hayvanlar bu bileşikleri sentezleyemedikleri için diyet yoluyla almak zorundadır. Hayvan beslemede karotenoidler, ürün kalitesi ve pigmentasyonun yanı sıra sağlık üzerine olumlu etkilerinden dolayı önem taşımaktadır. Sentetik kaynaklara alternatif olarak, bitkiler, mikroalgler, mantarlar, bakteriler ve hayvansal yan ürünler gibi doğal karotenoid kaynaklarına yönelik ilgi giderek artmaktadır. Bu bölümde karotenoidlerin tarihçesi, yapısal özellikleri, doğal kaynakları, hayvan beslemede kullanımı ve başlıca biyolojik etkileri ele alınmıştır.

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