Prebiyotikler
Özet
Prebiyotikler, sindirilemeyen bileşenler olup, bağırsak mikrobiyotasını seçici olarak uyararak konakçı sağlığı üzerinde olumlu etkiler göstermektedir. Antibiyotik kullanımının kısıtlanmasıyla birlikte, hayvan beslemede prebiyotiklerin doğal yem katkı maddesi olarak önemi artmıştır. Tarımsal ve endüstriyel atıklar, içeriklerindeki karbonhidrat ve lif bileşenleri sayesinde prebiyotik kaynakları arasında değerlendirilmektedir. Prebiyotiklerin temel etki mekanizmaları arasında faydalı mikroorganizmaların gelişimini desteklemek, patojenlerin çoğalmasını baskılamak, bağışıklık sistemini güçlendirmek ve kısa zincirli yağ asitleri üretimini artırmak yer almaktadır. Kanatlı hayvanlarda prebiyotikler, performans artışı, bağırsak sağlığının iyileştirilmesi ve yumurta kalitesinde gelişme sağlamaktadır. Ruminantlarda ise performansı, sindirim sağlığı ve hastalık direncine katkıda bulunurken, atlarda sindirim bozukluklarının önlenmesine yardımcı olmaktadır. Kedi ve köpeklerde prebiyotik uygulamaları dışkı kalitesi, insülin duyarlılığı ve mikrobiyota dengesi üzerinde olumlu etkiler göstermektedir. Su ürünlerinde prebiyotikler bağışıklık sistemini uyarmakta, verimi ve sindirim enzim aktivitelerini artırmaktadır. Dolayısıyla prebiyotikler, sürdürülebilir hayvan beslemede antibiyotiklere umut verici bir alternatif oluşturmaktadır.
Referanslar
Bindels LB, Delzenne NM, Cani PD, Walter J (2015). Towards a more comprehensive concept for prebiotics. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 12:303–310.
Giselle Cooke C, Gibb Z, Grupen CG, Harnett JE (2023). Prebiotics and synbiotics in equine health and disease. Int J Equine Sci, 2(2): 37-47.
FAO (2007). Technical Meeting on Prebiotics: Food Quality and Standards Service (AGNS), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) 15-16.09.2007. FAO Technical meeting Report. 2007.
Gaggia F, Mattarelli P, Biavati B. (2010). Probiotics and prebiotics in animal feding for safe food production. Int J Food Microbiol, 141 (2010): S15-S28.
Gibson GR, Hutkins R, Sanders ME, Prescott SL, Reimer RA, Salminen SJ, Scott K, Stanton C, Swanson KS, Cani PD, Verbeke K, Reid G (2017). The International scientifc association for probiotics and prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 14(8):491– 502.
Gibson GR, Probert HM, van Loo J, Rastall RA, Roberfroid MB (2004). Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: updating the concept of the prebiotics. Nutr Res Rev, 17:259–275.
Gibson RG, Roberfroid MB. (1995). Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: introducing the concept of prebiotics. J Appl Bacteriol, 125(6):1401–1412.
Gibson GR, Scott KP, Rastall RA, Tuohy KM, Hotchkiss A, Dubert-Ferrandon A, Gareau M, Murphy EF, Saulnier D, Loh G, Macfarlane S, Delzenne N, Ringel Y, Kozianowski G, Dickmann R, Lenoir-Winjnkoop I, Walker C, Buddington R (2010). Dietary prebiotics: current status and new definition. Food Sci Tech Bull Funct Food. 7:1–19.
Güven A, Yalçın S (2017). Effects of dietary yeast autolysate on performance, some blood parameters and lysozyme activity in rainbow trout (Onconhynchus mykiss). Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 64: 177-182.
Leone F, Ferrante V (2023). Effects of prebiotics and precision biotics on performance, animal welfare and environmental impact. A review. Sci Total Environ, 901: 165951.
Markowiak P, Slizewska K (2018). The role of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in animal nutition. Gut Pathog, 10: 21.
Shehata AA, Yalçın S, Latorre JD, Basiouni S, Attia YA, El-Wahab AA, Vischer C, El-Seedi HR, Huber C, Hafez HM, Eisenreich W, Tellez-Isaias G (2022). Probiotics, prebiotics, and phytogenic substances for optimizing gut health in poultry. Microorganisms, 10: 395.
Wang Y (2009). Prebiotics: present and future in food science and technology. Food Res Int, 42: 8-12.
Wee W, Abdul Hamid NK, Mat K, Khalif Riar, Rusli ND, Rahman MM, Kabir MA, Wei LS (2024). The effects of mixed prebiotics in aquaculture: A review. Aquac Fish, 9 (2024): 28-34.
Yaqoob MU, Abd El-Hack ME, Hassan F, El-Saadony MT, Khafaga AF, Batiha GE, Yehia N, Elnesr SS, Alagawany M, El-Tarabily KA, Wang M (2021). The potential mechanistic insights and future implications for the effect of prebiotics on poultry performance, gut microbiome, and intestinal morphology. Poultry Sci, 100: 101143.
Yalçın S, Yalçın S, Çakın K, Eltan Ö, Dağaşan L (2010). Effects of dietary yeast autolysate (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on performance, egg traits, egg cholesterol content, egg yolk fatty acid composition and humoral immune response of laying hens. J Sci Food Agric, 90: 1695-1701.
Yalçın S, Yalçın S, Eser H, Şahin A, Yalçın SS, Güçer Ş (2014). Effects of dietary yeast cell wall on performance, carcass characteristics, antibody production and histopathological changes in broilers. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg., 20: 757-764.
Yalçın S, Yalçın S, Onbaşılar İ, Eser H, Şahin A (2014). Effects of dietary yeast cell wall (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on performance, egg traits, egg cholesterol content, egg yolk fatty acid composition and humoral immune response of laying hens. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 61: 289-294.
Referanslar
Bindels LB, Delzenne NM, Cani PD, Walter J (2015). Towards a more comprehensive concept for prebiotics. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 12:303–310.
Giselle Cooke C, Gibb Z, Grupen CG, Harnett JE (2023). Prebiotics and synbiotics in equine health and disease. Int J Equine Sci, 2(2): 37-47.
FAO (2007). Technical Meeting on Prebiotics: Food Quality and Standards Service (AGNS), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) 15-16.09.2007. FAO Technical meeting Report. 2007.
Gaggia F, Mattarelli P, Biavati B. (2010). Probiotics and prebiotics in animal feding for safe food production. Int J Food Microbiol, 141 (2010): S15-S28.
Gibson GR, Hutkins R, Sanders ME, Prescott SL, Reimer RA, Salminen SJ, Scott K, Stanton C, Swanson KS, Cani PD, Verbeke K, Reid G (2017). The International scientifc association for probiotics and prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 14(8):491– 502.
Gibson GR, Probert HM, van Loo J, Rastall RA, Roberfroid MB (2004). Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: updating the concept of the prebiotics. Nutr Res Rev, 17:259–275.
Gibson RG, Roberfroid MB. (1995). Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: introducing the concept of prebiotics. J Appl Bacteriol, 125(6):1401–1412.
Gibson GR, Scott KP, Rastall RA, Tuohy KM, Hotchkiss A, Dubert-Ferrandon A, Gareau M, Murphy EF, Saulnier D, Loh G, Macfarlane S, Delzenne N, Ringel Y, Kozianowski G, Dickmann R, Lenoir-Winjnkoop I, Walker C, Buddington R (2010). Dietary prebiotics: current status and new definition. Food Sci Tech Bull Funct Food. 7:1–19.
Güven A, Yalçın S (2017). Effects of dietary yeast autolysate on performance, some blood parameters and lysozyme activity in rainbow trout (Onconhynchus mykiss). Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 64: 177-182.
Leone F, Ferrante V (2023). Effects of prebiotics and precision biotics on performance, animal welfare and environmental impact. A review. Sci Total Environ, 901: 165951.
Markowiak P, Slizewska K (2018). The role of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in animal nutition. Gut Pathog, 10: 21.
Shehata AA, Yalçın S, Latorre JD, Basiouni S, Attia YA, El-Wahab AA, Vischer C, El-Seedi HR, Huber C, Hafez HM, Eisenreich W, Tellez-Isaias G (2022). Probiotics, prebiotics, and phytogenic substances for optimizing gut health in poultry. Microorganisms, 10: 395.
Wang Y (2009). Prebiotics: present and future in food science and technology. Food Res Int, 42: 8-12.
Wee W, Abdul Hamid NK, Mat K, Khalif Riar, Rusli ND, Rahman MM, Kabir MA, Wei LS (2024). The effects of mixed prebiotics in aquaculture: A review. Aquac Fish, 9 (2024): 28-34.
Yaqoob MU, Abd El-Hack ME, Hassan F, El-Saadony MT, Khafaga AF, Batiha GE, Yehia N, Elnesr SS, Alagawany M, El-Tarabily KA, Wang M (2021). The potential mechanistic insights and future implications for the effect of prebiotics on poultry performance, gut microbiome, and intestinal morphology. Poultry Sci, 100: 101143.
Yalçın S, Yalçın S, Çakın K, Eltan Ö, Dağaşan L (2010). Effects of dietary yeast autolysate (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on performance, egg traits, egg cholesterol content, egg yolk fatty acid composition and humoral immune response of laying hens. J Sci Food Agric, 90: 1695-1701.
Yalçın S, Yalçın S, Eser H, Şahin A, Yalçın SS, Güçer Ş (2014). Effects of dietary yeast cell wall on performance, carcass characteristics, antibody production and histopathological changes in broilers. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg., 20: 757-764.
Yalçın S, Yalçın S, Onbaşılar İ, Eser H, Şahin A (2014). Effects of dietary yeast cell wall (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on performance, egg traits, egg cholesterol content, egg yolk fatty acid composition and humoral immune response of laying hens. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 61: 289-294.
