Penis Tümörleri
Özet
Penis kanserleri, nadir görülen ancak ciddi klinik sonuçlara yol açabilen malign neoplazilerdir. En sık görülen tipi skuamöz hücreli karsinom (SCC) olup, olguların %95’inden fazlasını oluşturur. Bununla birlikte, bazal hücreli karsinom, melanom, sarkomlar ve adenoskuamöz karsinom gibi skuamöz olmayan tipler de mevcuttur. SCC’nin gelişiminde premalign lezyonlar önemli rol oynar. PeIN (penil intraepitelyal neoplazi), Queyrat eritroplazisi ve Bowen hastalığı gibi lezyonlar, tedavi edilmezse invaziv karsinoma dönüşebilir. HPV enfeksiyonu, sünnetsizlik, fimozis, kötü hijyen, sigara kullanımı ve düşük sosyoekonomik düzey önemli risk faktörleri arasında yer alır. HPV ile ilişkili alt tipler arasında basaloid, siğilimsi ve mikst SCC’ler öne çıkmaktadır. Tanıda fizik muayene, biyopsi ve görüntüleme yöntemleri kullanılır. TNM evreleme sistemi, hastalığın yayılımını ve tedavi yaklaşımını belirlemede önemlidir. Patolojik alt tip, lenf nodu tutulumu ve invazyon derinliği gibi faktörler prognozu etkiler. Erken tanı ve uygun tedavi ile hastalığın yönetimi mümkün olmakla birlikte, ileri evrelerde yaşam kalitesini ciddi şekilde düşürebilir.
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