Erişkin Ortodontisi ve Estetik Yaklaşımlar
Özet
Günümüzde internet ve sosyal medyaya erişimin oldukça kolaylaşmasının etkisiyle, yetişkin hastaların ortodontik tedaviye olan ilgisi üst seviyeye ulaşmıştır. Erişkin hastaların ortodontik tedavi esnasındaki estetik beklentileri, diğer hasta gruplarından oldukça fazladır ve bu nedenle ortodontistin tedavi metodu seçiminde oldukça belirleyici bir faktördür. Ortodontik tedavi sırasında geleneksel metal braketlere göre daha estetik bir görünüm sunan şeffaf plak tedavileri, lingual ortodonti ve estetik braket seçenekleri, erişkin hasta grubu için önemli tedavi alternatifleridir. Bunun yanında, erişkin popülasyondaki ortodontik tedavi, sadece dişlerin düzgün seviyelenmesi ve hizalanmasını değil; estetik, fonksiyonel, periodontal ve protetik gereksinimlerin bütünlük içinde ele alınmasını gerektiren kompleks bir süreçtir. Büyümenin sona ermiş olması, sınırlı biyolojik cevap, estetik kaygılar ve restoratif beklentiler gibi faktörler, erişkin ortodontisinin çocuk ve genç bireylerden önemli ölçüde farklılaşmasına neden olur. Erişkin hastalarda tedavinin başarısı için bireyselleştirilmiş planlama, multidisipliner yaklaşım ve hasta ile etkili iletişim vazgeçilmezdir. Bu bölümde erişkin hastaların ortodontik tedavisindeki farklılıklar ve dikkat edilmesi gereken noktalar ele alınacaktır.
Today, thanks to the increased access to the internet and social media, adult patients' interest in orthodontic treatment has reached a high level. Adult patients' aesthetic expectations during orthodontic treatment are significantly higher than those of other patient groups and, therefore, are a significant determining factor in the orthodontist's choice of treatment method. Clear aligners, lingual orthodontics, and esthetic brackets, which offer a more aesthetic appearance than traditional metal brackets, are important treatment options for adult patients. Furthermore, orthodontic treatment in the adult population is a complex process that requires not only proper tooth leveling and alignment but also a holistic approach to aesthetic, functional, periodontal, and prosthetic needs. Factors such as the end of growth, limited biological response, aesthetic concerns, and restorative expectations cause adult orthodontics to differ significantly from those in children and adolescents. Individualized planning, a multidisciplinary approach, and effective communication with the patient are essential for successful treatment in adult patients. In this section, the differences and points to be considered in the orthodontic treatment of adult patients will be discussed.
Referanslar
Salonen L, Mohlin B, Goötzlinger B, et al. Need and demand for orthodontic treatment in an adult Swedish population. The European Journal of Orthodontics. 1992;14(5):359-368. doi.org/10.1093/ejo/14.5.359
Burgersdijk R, Truin GJ, Frankenmolen F, et al. Malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need of 15–74‐year‐old Dutch adults. Community dentistry and oral epidemiology. 1991;19(2):64-67. doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1991.tb00111.x
Graber T. Biomechanical principles and reactions. Orthodontics, Current Principles and Techniques. 1985:101-192.
Reitan K. Effects of force magnitude and direction of tooth movement on different alveolar bone types. The Angle Orthodontist. 1964;34(4):244-255.
Wickwire NA, McNeil MH, Norton LA, et al. The effects of tooth movement upon endodontically treated teeth. The Angle Orthodontist. 1974;44(3):235-242.
Reitan K. Tissue rearrangement during retention of orthodontically rotated teeth. The Angle Orthodontist. 1959;29(2):105-113.
Brezniak N, Wasserstein A. Root resorption after orthodontic treatment: Part 1. Literature review. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 1993;103(1):62-66. doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(93)70106-X
Melsen B. Tissue reaction to orthodontic tooth movement—a new paradigm. The European Journal of Orthodontics. 2001;23(6):671-681. doi.org/10.1093/ejo/23.6.671
Lindhe J. Textbook of clinical periodontology. 1989.
Little RM, Riedel RA, Artun J. An evaluation of changes in mandibular anterior alignment from 10 to 20 years postretention. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 1988;93(5):423-428. doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(88)90102-3
Czochrowska EM, Rosa M. The orthodontic/periodontal interface. Seminars in Orthodontics. 2015: Elsevier. doi.org/10.1053/j.sodo.2014.12.001
Socransky S. Microbiology of periodontal disease—present status and future considerations. Journal of periodontology. 1977;48(9):497-504. doi.org/10.1902/jop.1977.48.9.497
Socransky S, Haffajee A. Periodontal microbial ecology. Periodontology 2000. 2005;38(1). doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2005.00107.x
Karkhanechi M, Chow D, Sipkin J, et al. Periodontal status of adult patients treated with fixed buccal appliances and removable aligners over one year of active orthodontic therapy. The Angle Orthodontist. 2013;83(1):146-151.
Ristic M, Svabic MV, Sasic M,et al. Clinical and microbiological effects of fixed orthodontic appliances on periodontal tissues in adolescents. Orthodontics & craniofacial research. 2007;10(4):187-195. doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-6343.2007.00396.x
Staufer K, Landmesser H. Effects of crowding in the lower anterior segment—a risk evaluation depending upon the degree of crowding. Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics/Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie. 2004;65(1):13-25. doi.org/10.1007/s00056-004-0207-4
Jacobson L, Linder‐Aronson S. Crowding and gingivitis: a comparison between mouthbreathers and nosebreathers. European Journal of Oral Sciences. 1972;80(6):500-504. doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.1972.tb00319.x
Chasens A. Periodontal disease, pathologic tooth migration and adult orthodontics. NYJ Dentistry. 1979;49:40-43.
Melsen B. Limitations in adult orthodontics. Current controversies in orthodontics. 1991:147-180.
Martinez‐Canut P, Carrasquer A, Magán R, et al. A study on factors associated with pathologic tooth migration. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 1997;24(7):492-497. doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1997.tb00217.x
Ong MM, Wang H-L. Periodontic and orthodontic treatment in adults. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial Orthopedics. 2002;122(4):420-428. doi.org/10.1067/mod.2002.126597
Boyd R, Leggott P, Quinn R, et al. Periodontal implications of orthodontic treatment in adults with reduced or normal periodontal tissues versus those of adolescents. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 1989;96(3):191-198. doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(89)90455-1
Gottlieh B. Tissue changes in experimental traumatic occlusion with special reference to age and constitution. Journal of Dental Research. 1931;11:505-510.
Davis SM, Plonka AB, Fulks BA, et al. Consequences of orthodontic treatment on periodontal health: Clinical and microbial effects. Seminars in orthodontics; 2014: Elsevier. doi.org/10.1053/j.sodo.2014.06.002
Ericsson I, Tehlander B, Lindhe J, et al. The effect of orthodontic tilting movements on the periodontal tissues of infected and non‐infected dentitions in dogs. Journal of clinical periodontology. 1977;4(4):278-293. doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1977.tb01900.x
Williams S, Melsen B, Agerbaek N, et al. The orthodontic treatment of malocclusion in patients with previous periodontal disease. British journal of orthodontics. 1982;9(4):178-184. doi.org/10.1179/bjo.9.4.178
Burstone CR. Deep overbite correction by intrusion. American journal of orthodontics. 1977;72(1):1-22. doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(77)90121-X
Melsen B, Agerbaek N, Markenstam G. Intrusion of incisors in adult patients with marginal bone loss. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 1989;96(3):232-241. doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(89)90460-5
Re S, Corrente G, Abundo R, et al. Orthodontic treatment in periodontally compromised patients: 12-year report. International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry. 2000;20(1).
Wise RJ, Kramer GM. Predetermination of Osseous Changes Associated with Uprighting Tipped Molars by Probing. International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry. 1983;3(1).
Reitan K. Principles of retention and avoidance of posttreatment relapse. American journal of orthodontics. 1969;55(6):776-790. doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(69)90050-5
Edwards JG. A surgical procedure to eliminate rotational relapse. American journal of orthodontics. 1970;57(1):35-46.
van Gastel J, Quirynen M, Teughels W, et al. The relationships between malocclusion, fixed orthodontic appliances and periodontal disease. A review of the literature. Australian orthodontic journal. 2007;23(2):121-129. doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2007-0019
Ngom PI, Diagne F, Benoist HM, et al. Intraarch and interarch relationships of the anterior teeth and periodontal conditions. The Angle Orthodontist. 2006;76(2):236-242. doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(2006)076[0236:IAIROT]2.0.CO;2
Waerhaug J. The infrabony pocket and its relationship to trauma from occlusion and subgingival plaque. Journal of periodontology. 1979;50(7):355-365. doi.org/10.1902/jop.1979.50.7.355
Burgett FG, Ramfjord SP, Nissle RR, et al. A randomized trial of occlusal adjustment in the treatment of periodontitis patients. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 1992;19(6):381-387. doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb00666.x
Bjørnaas T, Rygh P, Bøe OE. Severe overjet and overbite reduced alveolar bone height in 19-year-old men. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 1994;106(2):139-145. doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(94)70031-1
Vig RG, Brundo GC. The kinetics of anterior tooth display. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 1978;39(5):502-504. doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3913(78)80179-6
Gkantidis N, Christou P, Topouzelis N. The orthodontic–periodontic interrelationship in integrated treatment challenges: a systematic review. Journal of oral rehabilitation. 2010;37(5):377-390. doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2010.02068.x
Sarver DM, Weissman SM. Long-term soft tissue response to LeFort I maxillary superior repositioning. The Angle Orthodontist. 1991;61(4):267-276. doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(1991)061<0267:LSTRTL>2.0.CO;2
Theytaz GA, Kiliaridis S. Gingival and dentofacial changes in adolescents and adults 2 to 10 years after orthodontic treatment. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2008;35(9):825-830. doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2008.01297.x
Konikoff BM, Johnson DC, Schenkein HA, et al. Clinical crown length of the maxillary anterior teeth preorthodontics and postorthodontics. Journal of periodontology. 2007;78(4):645-653. doi.org/10.1902/jop.2007.060251
Koaban AM, Alwadai JM, Alghamdi AM, et al. Recent Advances in Orthodontic Brackets: From Aesthetics to Smart Technologies. Cureus. 2025;17(6). doi.org/10.7759/cureus.85385
Reddy MR, Revathi P, Naveen K, et al. Esthetic orthodontic brackets: A comprehensive review. Journal of Orofacial Sciences. 2010;2(3):42-50.
Russell J. Current products and practice: aesthetic orthodontic brackets. Journal of Orthodontics. 2005;32(2):146-163. doi.org/10.1179/146531205225021024
Kim T-K, Kim K-D, Baek S-H. Comparison of frictional forces during the initial leveling stage in various combinations of self-ligating brackets and archwires with a custom-designed typodont system. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2008;133(2):187. e15-. e24. doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.08.013
Aird J, Durning P. Fracture of polycarbonate edgewise brackets: a clinical and SEM study. British journal of orthodontics. 1987;14(3):191-195. doi.org/10.1179/bjo.14.3.191
Harzer W, Bourauel C, Gmyrek H. Torque capacity of metal and polycarbonate brackets with and without a metal slot. The European Journal of Orthodontics. 2004;26(4):435-441. doi.org/10.1093/ejo/26.4.435
Alkire RG, Bagby MD, Gladwin MA, et al. Torsional creep of polycarbonate orthodontic brackets. Dental Materials. 1997;13(1):2-6. doi.org/10.1016/S0109-5641(97)80001-2
Jena AK, Duggal R, Mehrotra A. Physical properties and clinical characteristics of ceramic brackets: a comprehensive review. Trends Biomater Artif Organs. 2007;20(2):101-115.
Xavier J, Sarika K, Ghosh P, et al. Aesthetic bracket system: a review. International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Science. 2021;8:5191-196. doi.org/10.19070/2377-8075-210001041
Kusy RP. Orthodontic biomaterials: from the past to the present. The Angle Orthodontist. 2002;72(6):501-512. doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(2002)072<0501:OBFTPT>2.0.CO;2
Keith O, Kusy RP, Whitley JQ. Zirconia brackets: an evaluation of morphology and coefficients of friction. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 1994;106(6):605-614. doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(94)70085-0
Ghafari J, Skanchy T, Mante F. Shear bond strengths of two ceramic brackets. Journal of clinical orthodontics. 1992;26(8):491-493. doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(94)70049-4.
Joseph V, Rossouw E. The shear bond strengths of stainless steel and ceramic brackets used with chemically and light-activated composite resins. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 1990;97(2):121-125. doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(90)70084-P
Kusy RP, Whitley JQ. Coefficients of friction for arch wires in stainless steel and polycrystalline alumina bracket slots. I. The dry state. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 1990;98(4):300-312. doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(05)81487-8
Pratten DH, Popli K, Germane N, et al. Frictional resistance of ceramic and stainless steel orthodontic brackets. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 1990;98(5):398-403. doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(05)81647-6
Winchester L. Methods of debonding ceramic brackets. British Journal of Orthodontics. 1992;19(3):233-237. doi.org/10.1179/bjo.19.3.233
Totino M, Riccio A, Di Leo M, et al. Aesthetic orthodontic archwires: The state of art. Oral Implantology. 2015;7(4):115-122.
Se B. Comparisons of different debonding techniques for ceramic brackets: an in vitro study. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 1990;98:145-153.
Romano R. Concepts on control of the anterior teeth using the lingual appliance. Seminars in Orthodontics. 2006: Elsevier. doi.org/10.1053/j.sodo.2006.05.005
Weissheimer A, Lee RJ, Pham J, et al. Clinical Overview of InBrace Generation 2.0. Journal of clinical orthodontics. 2023;57(7):376-388. doi.org/10.1007/s00586-022-07246-3
Höchli D, Hersberger-Zurfluh M, Papageorgiou SN, et al. Interventions for orthodontically induced white spot lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of orthodontics. 2017;39(2):122-133. doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjw065
Bapat RA, Chaubal TV, Joshi CP, et al. An overview of application of silver nanoparticles for biomaterials in dentistry. Materials Science and Engineering: C. 2018;91:881-898. doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2018.05.069
Arash V, Keikhaee F, Rabiee SM, et al. Evaluation of antibacterial effects of silver-coated stainless steel orthodontic brackets. Journal of Dentistry (Tehran, Iran). 2016;13(1):49.
Alfallaj H. Pre-prosthetic orthodontics. The Saudi dental journal. 2020;32(1):7-14. doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.08.004
Rose T, Jivraj S, Chee W. The role of orthodontics in implant dentistry. British dental journal. 2006;201(12):753-764. doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4814349
Graber T, Vanarsdall RL, Vig K. Current principles and techniques. Orthodontic Book, USA. 2005:607-611.
Bollen A-M, Cunha-Cruz J, Bakko DW, et al. The effects of orthodontic therapy on periodontal health: a systematic review of controlled evidence. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2008;139(4):413-422. doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2008.0184
Beddis H, Durey K, Alhilou A, et al. The restorative management of the deep overbite. British dental journal. 2014;217(9):509-515.
Weiland FJ, Bantleon H-P, Droschl H. Evaluation of continuous arch and segmented arch leveling techniques in adult patients—a clinical study. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics. 1996;110(6):647-652. doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(96)80042-4
Kokich V. Altering vertical dimension in the perio-restorative patient: the orthodontic possibilities. Interdisciplinary treatment planning: principles, design, implementation. Chicago: Quintessence Pub, c2008. 2008.
Turner KA, Missirlian DM. Restoration of the extremely worn dentition. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 1984;52(4):467-474. doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(84)90326-3
Spear FM. Interdisciplinary Management of Worn Anterior Teeth. Facially Generated Treatment Planning. Dentistry Today. 2016;35(5):104-107.
Dahl BL, Krogstad O, Karlsen K. An alternative treatment in cases with advanced localized attrition. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 1975;2(3):209-214. doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1975.tb00914.x
Hemmings KW, Darbar UR, Vaughan S. Tooth wear treated with direct composite restorations at an increased vertical dimension: results at 30 months. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 2000;83(3):287-293. doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(00)70130-2
Poyser N, Porter R, Briggs P, et al. The Dahl Concept: past, present and future. British Dental Journal. 2005;198(11):669-676. doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4812371
Stern N, Revah A, Becker A. The tilted posterior tooth. Part I: etiology, syndrome, and prevention. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1981;46(4):404-407.
Becker A, Zalkind M, Stern N. The tilted posterior tooth. Part II: Biomechanical therapy. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 1982;48(2):149-155. doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(82)90101-9
Simon RL. Rationale and practical technique for uprighting mesially inclined molars. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1984;52(2):256-259.
Potashnick S, Rosenberg E. Forced eruption: principles in periodontics and restorative dentistry. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 1982;48(2):141-148. doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(82)90100-7
Carvalho CV, Bauer FPF, Romito GA, et al. Orthodontic extrusion with or without circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy and root planing. International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry. 2006;26(1).
Wiechmann D, Rummel V, Thalheim A, et al. Customized brackets and archwires for lingual orthodontic treatment. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics. 2003;124(5):593-599. doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2003.08.008
Shetty V, Shetty SV, Sarje S, et al. Lingual orthodontics-A review. Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research. 2020;6:44-650. doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094615
Auluck A. Lingual orthodontic treatment: what is the current evidence base? Journal of orthodontics. 2013;40(1_suppl):s27-s33. doi.org/10.1179/1465313313Y.0000000073
Echarri P. Revisiting the history of lingual orthodontics: a basis for the future. Seminars in Orthodontics. 2006: Elsevier. doi.org/10.1053/j.sodo.2006.05.002
Singh P, Cox S. Lingual orthodontics: an overview. Dental update. 2011;38(6):390-395. doi.org/10.12968/denu.2011.38.6.390
Nandakumar S, Tandon A, Chandrasekaran D, et al. Implications of lingual orthodontics compared to conventional orthodontics. Cureus. 2024;16(10). doi.org/10.7759/cureus.72588
Vijaykumar V, Archana D, Sekar A, et al. Comparison of the periodontal status of patients undergoing labial and lingual orthodontic therapy. Cureus. 2020;12(1). doi.org/10.7759/cureus.6818
Lombardo L, Wierusz W, Toscano D, et al. Frictional resistance exerted by different lingual and labial brackets: an in vitro study. Progress in orthodontics. 2013;14(1):37. doi.org/10.1186/2196-1042-14-37
Caniklioglu C, Öztürk Y. Patient discomfort: a comparison between lingual and labial fixed appliances. The Angle Orthodontist. 2005;75(1):86-91. doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(2005)075<0086:PDACBL>2.0.CO;2
Wu AK, McGrath CP, Wong RW, et al. A comparison of pain experienced by patients treated with labial and lingual orthodontic appliances. Annals of the Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons. 2008;19:176-178.
Stamm T, Hohoff A, Ehmer U. A subjective comparison of two lingual bracket systems. The European Journal of Orthodontics. 2005;27(4):420-426. doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cji034
Cooper-Kazaz R, Ivgi I, Canetti L, et al. The impact of personality on adult patients' adjustability to orthodontic appliances. The Angle Orthodontist. 2013;83(1):76-82.
Acar YB, Kovan A, Ates M, et al. How efficient are clear aligners? Clear aligners vs traditional orthodontic treatment: A systematic review. Turkish Journal of Orthodontics. 2014;27(3):106-110.
Zheng M, Liu R, Ni Z, et al. Efficiency, effectiveness and treatment stability of clear aligners: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Orthodontics & craniofacial research. 2017;20(3):127-133. doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12177
Katib HS, Hakami AM, Albalawei M, et al. Stability and success of clear aligners in orthodontics: a narrative review. Cureus. 2024;16(1). doi.org/10.7759/cureus.52038
Ke Y, Zhu Y, Zhu M. A comparison of treatment effectiveness between clear aligner and fixed appliance therapies. BMC oral health. 2019;19(1):24. doi.org/10.1186/s12903-018-0695-z
Jaber ST, Hajeer MY, Sultan K, et al. Treatment effectiveness of clear aligners in correcting complicated and severe malocclusion cases compared to fixed orthodontic appliances: a systematic review. Cureus. 2023;15(4). doi.org/10.7759/cureus.38311
AlMogbel A. Clear Aligner Therapy: Up to date review article. Journal of orthodontic science. 2023;12(1):37.
Tamer İ, Öztaş E, Marşan G. Orthodontic treatment with clear aligners and the scientific reality behind their marketing: a literature review. Turkish journal of orthodontics. 2019;32(4):241. doi.org/10.5152/TurkJOrthod.2019.18083
Zhao R, Mei L, Long H, et al. Changing clear aligners every 10 days or 14 days? A randomised controlled trial. Australasian Orthodontic Journal. 2023;39:1-12. doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2023-0002
Lyu X, Cao X, Chen L, et al. Accumulated biomechanical effects of mandibular molar mesialization using clear aligners with auxiliary devices: an iterative finite element analysis. Progress in Orthodontics. 2023;24(1):13. doi.org/10.1186/s40510-023-00462-7
Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang J, et al. IPR treatment and attachments design in clear aligner therapy and risk of open gingival embrasures in adults. Progress in Orthodontics. 2023;24(1):1. doi.org/10.1186/s40510-022-00452-1
Greco M, Rombolà A. Precision bite ramps and aligners: an elective choice for deep bite treatment. Journal of Orthodontics. 2022;49(2):213-220. doi.org/10.1177/14653125211034180
Mehta F, Mehta S. Aligners: the rapidly growing trend in orthodontics around the world. Indian Journal Of Basic and Applied Medical Research. 2014;3(4):402-409.
Proffit WR, Fields H, Larson B, et al. Ortodoncia contemporánea. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2019.
Aljabaa AH. Clear aligner therapy––Narrative review. Journal of International Oral Health. 2020;12(Suppl 1):S1-S4. doi.org/10.4103/jioh.jioh_180_19
Xing X, Qin H, Sun J, et al. Asymmetric Extraction Treatment in a Middle‐Aged Patient with Dental Crowding and Protrusion using Clear Aligners. Case Reports in Dentistry. 2023;2023(1):8836409. doi.org/10.1155/2023/8836409
Balboni A, Lombardo EC, Balboni G, et al. Vertical effects of distalization protocol with Clear aligners in Class II patients: A prospective study. Minerva dental and oral science. 2023;72(6):291-7. doi.org/10.23736/S2724-6329.23.04783-6
D’Antò V, Valletta R, Ferretti R, et al. Predictability of maxillary molar distalization and derotation with clear aligners: a prospective study. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2023;20(4):2941. doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042941
Buschang PH, Shaw SG, Ross M, et al. Comparative time efficiency of aligner therapy and conventional edgewise braces. The Angle Orthodontist. 2014;84(3):391-396.
Rosvall MD, Fields HW, Ziuchkovski J, et al. Attractiveness, acceptability, and value of orthodontic appliances. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2009;135(3):276. e1-. e12. doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.07.011
Miller KB, McGorray SP, Womack R, et al. A comparison of treatment impacts between Invisalign aligner and fixed appliance therapy during the first week of treatment. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2007;131(3):302. e1-. e9. doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.05.031
Dianiskova S, Rongo R, Buono R, et al. Treatment of mild Class II malocclusion in growing patients with clear aligners versus fixed multibracket therapy: A retrospective study. Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research. 2022;25(1):96-102. doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12500
Kuncio D, Maganzini A, Shelton C, et al. Invisalign and traditional orthodontic treatment postretention outcomes compared using the American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system. The Angle Orthodontist. 2007;77(5):864-869. doi.org/10.2319/100106-398.1
