Poxviridae
Özet
Poxviridae ailesi, tarihin ilk ölümcül pandemilerinden birine neden olan enfeksiyondan (Antonine vebası) ilk başarılı aşı uygulamasına (E. Jenner) kadar uzanan geçmişiyle hem beşerî hem de veteriner tıp için temel bir öneme sahiptir. Bu büyük ve karmaşık DNA virusları, günümüzde de veteriner hekimliğin merkezinde yer almaktadır. Özellikle Capripoxvirus genusu içinde yer alan Koyun-Keçi Çiçeği ve Sığırların Nodüler Ekzantemisi (LSD), yol açtıkları yüksek morbidite, verim kayıpları (süt, et), yavru atma ve uluslararası ticaret kısıtlamaları nedeniyle çiftlik hayvanı endüstrisinde en yıkıcı ekonomik kayıplara neden olan hastalıklar arasındadır. Poxvirusların asıl küresel önemi ise, Tek Sağlık (One Health) yaklaşımıyla tam olarak anlaşılmaktadır. Ailenin birçok üyesi zoonotik karaktere sahiptir. Sığır Çiçeği (Cowpox), Yalancı Sığır Çiçeği (halk arasında "sağıcı nodülü") ve Bulaşıcı Ektima (Orf), özellikle çiftçiler ve veteriner hekimler için önemli mesleki riskler oluşturur. Yakın zamanda küresel bir endişe yaratan Maymun Çiçeği (Mpox) salgını, bu virus ailesinin re-emerging (yeniden ortaya çıkan) potansiyelini ve insan-hayvan-çevre etkileşimindeki kritik yerini bir kez daha kanıtlamıştır. Bu nedenlerle Poxviridae ailesi, sürekli sürveyans, araştırma ve disiplinler arası bir bakış açısı gerektiren dinamik bir patojen grubudur.
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