Sedoreoviridae (Reoviridae)
Özet
Sedoreoviridae ailesindeki viruslar zarfsızdır, ikozahedral simetriye sahiptir ve çift zincirli RNA (dsRNA) içeren segmentli bir genom taşır. Segmentli genom yapısı, reassortment oluşmasına olanak tanır ve bu viruslar için genetik çeşitliliğin önemli bir kaynağını oluşturur. Aile, çok çeşitli konakçıları enfekte eden yedi cinsten oluşur; özellikle Orbivirus, Rotavirus ve Seadornavirus cinslerindeki viruslar insanlar ve hayvanlar için önemli patojenlerdir. Bu virusların bazıları ağır hastalıklara neden olmanın yanı sıra, küresel ölçekte hayvancılık sektöründe ciddi ekonomik kayıplara yol açmaktadır. Orbiviruslar, eklembacaklı vektörlerle bulaşır ve yayılımları, bu vektörlerin coğrafi dağılımıyla doğrudan ilişkilidir. İklim değişikliği, bu virusların yayılım alanlarını genişletmektedir. Bu cinste yer alan mavidil ve epizootik hemorajik hastalık virusları, ekonomik açıdan önemlidir ve Türkiye’de ihbarı mecburi hastalıklar arasında yer almaktadır. Rotaviruslar ise fekal-oral yolla bulaşan, oldukça bulaşıcı gastrointestinal patojenlerdir. Bebeklerde ve genç hayvanlarda ishalin başlıca nedenlerinden biri olan bu viruslar, özellikle çiftlik hayvancılığında büyüme bozuklukları, tedavi maliyetlerinin artması ve yavru kayıpları gibi nedenlerle ciddi ekonomik kayıplara yol açmaktadır. Seadornavirus cinsi ise sivrisineklerle bulaşan insanları ve hayvanları enfekte eden virusları içermektedir.
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