Geriatrik Böbrek Kanseri Hastalarına Yaklaşım
Özet
Renal hücreli karsinom (RHK) insidansı, yaşla birlikte düzenli olarak artmakta ve yaklaşık 75 yaş civarında en yüksek düzeye ulaşmaktadır. Küresel ölçekte yaşlı nüfusun giderek artması, RHK tanısı alan geriatrik hasta popülasyonunun da anlamlı ölçüde artacağı öngörüsünü güçlendirmektedir. Bu hasta grubunda tedavi planlaması yapılırken, yalnızca onkolojik sonuçlar değil; kanser dışı mortalite nedenleri ve genel yaşam beklentisi de göz önünde bulundurulmalı, bireyselleştirilmiş yaklaşımlar benimsenmelidir. Bu bağlamda, geriatrik RHK hastalarının yönetimine yönelik evrensel olarak kabul edilmiş ideal bir algoritma bulunmamaktadır. Böbreğe lokalize RHK’da parsiyel nefrektomi altın standart tedavi yöntemini oluşturmaktadır. Ancak, yüksek komorbidite yüküne sahip geriatrik hastalarda kriyoablasyon, radyofrekans ablasyon gibi minimal invaziv yöntemler ile “bekle–gör” veya aktif izlem stratejileri cerrahiye alternatif olarak değerlendirilebilmektedir. Lokal ileri RHK olgularında radikal nefrektomi güncelliğini korumakta olup, belirli hasta gruplarında adjuvan pembrolizumab tedavisi önerilebilmektedir. Metastatik RHK’da ise immün kontrol noktası inhibitörleri, tirozin kinaz inhibitörleri ve anti-vasküler endotelyal büyüme faktörü (anti-VEGF) tedavileri temel seçenekler arasında yer almaktadır. Bununla birlikte, ciddi komorbiditeleri bulunan yaşlı hastalarda aktif izlem stratejileriyle gereksiz tedavi maruziyetinin önlenebileceği düşünülmektedir.
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