Gebe Hayvanlarda Anestezi Yönetimi
Özet
Evcil hayvanlarda gebelik süreci, çiftleşme veya tohumlama sonrası zigot oluşumu ile başlamakta ve doğuma kadar devam etmektedir. Bu süreçte evcil hayvanların kardiyovasküler, solunum, gastrointestinal, renal ve sinir sistemlerinde oluşan değişimler, anestezi yönetimini doğrudan etkileyecek farmakokinetik ve farmakodinamik farklılıklara yol açmaktadır. Özellikle maternal kan hacminin artması, yükselen oksijen tüketimi ve hormonal değişiklikler, gebelik sırasında uygulanacak cerrahi girişimlerde anestezik ajanların seçiminde dikkatli olunması gerektiğini göstermektedir. Bu süreçte esas önemli olan maternal ve fetal komplikasyona sebep olmadan canlılığın korunmasıdır. Gebe evcil hayvanlarda en sık başvurulan cerrahi girişim sezaryen operasyonudur. Sezaryen veya zorunlu uygulanması gereken operatif girişimlerde gebe evcil hayvanların türe göre plasenta tiplerinin farklılıkları ve anestezik ajanların plasenta bariyerini geçme potansiyelleri bilinmelidir. Tür farklılıkları ve tür içerisinde gebelik dönemleri sırasında oluşan farklılıklar da göz önünde bulundurularak anestezik ilaçların kullanımı belirlenmelidir. Aynı zamanda gebelik sırasında maternal kardiyovasküler, solunum ve dolaşım fonksiyonlarının değişimleri bilinerek ilaçların dağılım özelliklerine dikkat edilmelidir. Bu bilgiler doğrultusunda gebe evcil hayvanlarda anestezi uygulayacak veteriner hekimlerin oluşturdukları protokolde hızlı olmaları, anestezik ajanları minimal etkin dozlarda ve güvenli kombinasyonlarda kullanmaları, perioperatif dönemde hayvanları titizlikle takip etmeleri maternal ve fetal sağlığın korunmasında önem taşımaktadır.
The gestation process in domestic animals commences with the formation of a zygote following mating or insemination, and continues until parturition. Changes in the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, renal, and nervous systems of domestic animals during this period lead to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences that directly impact anesthetic management. Increased maternal blood volume, increased oxygen consumption, and hormonal changes, in particular, indicate the need for careful selection of anesthetic agents for surgical procedures performed during pregnancy. The primary purpose during this process is the preservation of viability without causing maternal or fetal complications. Cesarean section is the most frequently performed surgical procedure on pregnant domestic animals. It is imperative to consider the differences in placental types in pregnant domestic animals and the potential for anesthetic agents to cross the placental barrier when undertaking cesarean sections or other necessary surgical procedures. The administration of anaesthetic drugs must be determined by considering species differences, as well as variations that occur during gestation within a given species. Furthermore, the distribution characteristics of drugs should be considered, taking into account the changes in maternal cardiovascular, respiratory, and circulatory functions during pregnancy. In line with this information, it is imperative for veterinarians who will perform anaesthesia on pregnant pets to adhere to the following protocols: firstly, to create a prompt protocol; secondly, to use anaesthetic agents in minimally effective doses and safe combinations; and thirdly, to monitor the animals meticulously during the perioperative period to protect maternal and fetal health.
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