Aktif Yaşlanma ve Tip 2 Diyabet: Egzersize Dayalı Stratejiler

Khan M, Hashim M J, King J. K., et al. Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes—global burden of disease and forecasted trends. Journal of epidemiology and global health;2020; 10(1):107-111.

World Health Organization (WHO). Active Ageing: A Policy Framework.WHO Press.2021.

Kalyani R R, Golden S H, & Cefalu W T. Diabetes and aging: unique considerations and goals of care. Diabetes care; 2017; 40(4): 440.

Tinajero M, & Malik V S. An update on the epidemiology of type 2 diabetes: a global perspective. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics; 2021; 50(3): 337-355.

DeFronzo R A. Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Medical clinics;2004); 88(4): 787-835.

Petersen M C, & Shulman G I. Mechanisms of insulin action and insulin resistance. Physiological reviews; 2018.

Franceschi C, & Campisi J. Chronic inflammation (inflammaging) and its potential contribution to age-associated diseases. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A; 2014; 69(1):S4–S9. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glu057

World Health Organization. World report on ageing and health; 2015;World Health Organization.

Dogra S, Dunstan D W, Sugiyama T, et al. Active aging and public health: Evidence, implications, and opportunities. Annual Review of Public Health;2022; 43:439–459. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-052620-091107

Lim H, Jani N D. B, Pang W, et al. Community-based exercises improve health status in pre-frail older adults: A systematic review with meta-analysis. BMC Geriatrics; 2024; 24:589. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-024-05150-7 doi.org/10.1186/s11556-022-00299-9.

Colberg S R, Sigal R J, Yardley J E,et al. Physical activity/exercise and diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes care; 2016; 39(11): 2065.

Gao S, Tang J, Yi G, et al. The therapeutic effects of mild to moderate intensity aerobic exercise on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Diabetes Therapy;2021; 12: 2767-2781.

Mavros Y, Kay S, Simpson, K A, et al.Reductions in C-reactive protein in older adults with type 2 diabetes are related to improvements in body composition following a randomized controlled trial of resistance training. Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle; 2018; 5: 111-120.

World Health Organisation. 10 facts about diabetes. Available from URL: http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/diabetes/en/index.html.2011. Accessed 19 June 2012.

Bellary, S., Kyrou, I., Brown, J. E., & Bailey, C. J. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in older adults: clinical considerations and management. Nature Reviews Endocrinology; 2021; 17(9): 534-548.

Tam A C Y, Chan A W Y, Cheung D S K, et al. The effects of interventions to enhance cognitive and physical functions in older people with cognitive frailty: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Review of Aging and Physical Activit; 2022; 9(1): 19.

Li J, Zhu L, YangY, et al. Prevalence and potential influencing factors for social frailty among community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatrics;2024; 24: 762. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-024-05365-8.

World Health Organization. Global age-friendly cities: A guide.2007. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241547307

Lloyd-Sherlock, P. Population ageing and international development: From generalisation to evidence. Policy Press; 2010.

Morley J E . Hormones and sarcopenia. Current pharmaceutical design; 2017; 23(30): 4484-4492.

Dirks M L, Wall T, Van De Valk, et al. One week of bed rest leads to substantial muscle atrophy and induces whole-body insulin resistance in the absence of skeletal muscle lipid accumulation. Diabetes; 2016; 65(10): 2862-2875.

Hood D A, Memme J , Oliveir, A N, et al. Maintenance of skeletal muscle mitochondria in health, exercise, and aging. Annual review of physiology; 2019; 81(1): 19-41.

Fielding R A, Vellas B, Evans W J, et al. Sarcopenia: An undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care; 2011; 14(1):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283408e4b

Bouchard C, Blair S N, & Haskell W L. Physical activity and health. Human Kinetics; 2012.

Xing H, Lu J, Yoong S Q, et al. Effect of aerobic and resistant exercise intervention on inflammaging of type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged and older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association; 2022; 23(5): 823-830.

Boule N G, Hadda E, Kenny G P. Effects of exercise on glycemic control and body mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. JAMA; 2001; 286(10): 1218–1227. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.286.10.1218.

Richter E A, & Hargreaves M. Exercise, GLUT4, and skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Physiological reviews; 2013.

Umpierre D, Ribeiro P A, Kramer C K, et al.Physical activity advice only or structured exercise training and association with HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Jama; 2011; 305(17): 1790-1799.

Teixeira de Lemos E, Pinto R, Oliveira J, & Reis F. Regular physical exercise training assists in preventing type 2 diabetes development: focus on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Cardiovascular Diabetology; 2011; 10, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2840-10-12

Simioni C, Zauli G, Martelli A M, et al. Oxidative stress: role of physical exercise and antioxidant nutraceuticals in adulthood and aging. Oncotarget;2018;9(24):17181–17198. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.24729.

Mallard R., Hollekim-Strand S M, Coombes J. S, et al. Exercise intensity, redox homeostasis and inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport; 2017; 20(10): 893–898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.03.008

Zhao H, He Z, Yun H, et al. A meta-analysis of the effects of different exercise modes on inflammatory response in the elderly. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health; 2022; 19(16),:10451. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610451.

Chomiuk T, Niezgoda N, Mamcarz A, et al. Physical activity in metabolic syndrome. Frontiers in physiology; 2024; 15: 1365761.

El-Kader S M , Al-Jiffri O H, et al. Aerobic exercises alleviate symptoms of fatigue related to inflammatory cytokines in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. African Health Sciences; 2015; 15(4): 1142–1148. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v15i4.4.

Pahor M, Guralnik J M., Ambrosius W T., et al. Effect of structured physical activity on prevention of major mobility disability in older adults: the LIFE study randomized clinical trial. Jama; 2014: 311(23), 2387-2396.

American Diabetes Association (ADA). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. Diabetes Care; 2024;47(S1): S1–S150. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc24-S001.

Eckardt K, Görgens S.W, Raschke S, et al. Myokines in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia; 2014; 57: 1087-1099.

Thompson, W. (Ed.). Sampling rare or elusive species: concepts, designs, and techniques for estimating population parameters. Island Press. 2013.

Plotnikoff R C, Costigan S.A, Williams R L, et al. Effectiveness of interventions targeting physical activity, nutrition and healthy weight for university and college students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity; 2015;12(10).

Anderson R J, & Shivakumar G. Effects of exercise and physical activity on anxiety. Frontiers in Psychiatry; 2013; (4): 27. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00027

Baumeister R F, & Leary M R. The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin; 1995; 117(3): 497–529.

Kirk-Sanchez N J, & McGough E L. Physical exercise and cognitive performance in the elderly: Current perspectives. Clinical Interventions in Aging; 2014;9:51–62. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S39506

Feil D G, Zhu C W, & Sultzer D L. The relationship between cognitive impairment and diabetes self-management in a population-based community sample of older adults with Type 2 diabetes. Journal of Behavioral Medicine; 2011; 35(2): 190–199.

Jayedi A, Emadi A, & Shab-Bidar S. Dose-dependent effect of supervised aerobic exercise on HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sports Medicine; 2022; 52(8): 1919-1938.

Grace A, Chan E, Giallauria F, Graham P L, et al. Clinical outcomes and glycaemic responses to different aerobic exercise training intensities in type II diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovascular diabetology; 2017; 16: 1-10.

Liang Z, Zhang M, Wang C, The Best Exercise Modality and Dose to Reduce Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review with Pairwise, Network, and Dose–Response Meta-Analyses. Sports Medicine; 2024;54(10), 2557-2570.

Garcia S P, Cureau F V, de Quadros Iorra F, et al. Effects of exercise training and physical activity advice on HbA1c in people with type 2 diabetes: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice; 2025; 112027.

Stephanie Brown (2023). Exercising later in the day helps better control blood sugar levels.https://www.verywellhealth.com/diabetes-and-exercise-timing 7563245?utm_source=chatgpt.com

Asgharzadeh A, Patel M, Connock M, et al. The efficacy of resistance exercise training on metabolic health, body composition, and muscle strength in older adults with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice; 2024; 28(80):1–190. https://doi.org/10.3310/JYPL3536

Botton C E, Umpierre D, Rech A, et al. Effects of resistance training on neuromuscular parameters in elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized clinical trial. Experimental gerontology; 2018; 113, 141-149.

Hsieh P L, Tseng C H, Tseng Y J, et al. Resistance training improves muscle function and cardiometabolic risks but not quality of life in older people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy; 2018; 41(2): 65-76.

Morrison S, Simmons R, Colberg S R.,et al. Supervised balance training and Wii Fit–Based exercises lower falls risk in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association; 2018; 19(2): 185-e7.

Santos M A, Silva M A, et al. Effects of a power training program in the functional capacity, on body balance and lower limb muscle strength of elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Physical Therapy Science; 2021; 33(6):474–479. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.33.474

Kraiwong R, Vongsirinavarat M, Rueankam M, et al. Effects of physical-cognitive training on physical and psychological functions among older adults with type 2 diabetes and balance impairment: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of exercise rehabilitation; 2021; 17(2): 120.

Herriott M ., Colberg . R, Parson H K., et al.Effects of 8 weeks of flexibility and resistance training in older adults with type 2 diabetes. DiabetesCare;2004;27(12):2988–2989. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.12.2988

Kanaley J A, Colberg S R, Corcoran M H, et al. Exercise/physical activity in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a consensus statement from the American College of Sports Medicine. Medicine and science in sports and exercise; 2022; 54(2): 353.

Khan M, Hashim M J, King J. K., et al. Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes—global burden of disease and forecasted trends. Journal of epidemiology and global health;2020; 10(1):107-111.

World Health Organization (WHO). Active Ageing: A Policy Framework.WHO Press.2021.

Kalyani R R, Golden S H, & Cefalu W T. Diabetes and aging: unique considerations and goals of care. Diabetes care; 2017; 40(4): 440.

Tinajero M, & Malik V S. An update on the epidemiology of type 2 diabetes: a global perspective. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics; 2021; 50(3): 337-355.

DeFronzo R A. Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Medical clinics;2004); 88(4): 787-835.

Petersen M C, & Shulman G I. Mechanisms of insulin action and insulin resistance. Physiological reviews; 2018.

Franceschi C, & Campisi J. Chronic inflammation (inflammaging) and its potential contribution to age-associated diseases. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A; 2014; 69(1):S4–S9. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glu057

World Health Organization. World report on ageing and health; 2015;World Health Organization.

Dogra S, Dunstan D W, Sugiyama T, et al. Active aging and public health: Evidence, implications, and opportunities. Annual Review of Public Health;2022; 43:439–459. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-052620-091107

Lim H, Jani N D. B, Pang W, et al. Community-based exercises improve health status in pre-frail older adults: A systematic review with meta-analysis. BMC Geriatrics; 2024; 24:589. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-024-05150-7 doi.org/10.1186/s11556-022-00299-9.

Colberg S R, Sigal R J, Yardley J E,et al. Physical activity/exercise and diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes care; 2016; 39(11): 2065.

Gao S, Tang J, Yi G, et al. The therapeutic effects of mild to moderate intensity aerobic exercise on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Diabetes Therapy;2021; 12: 2767-2781.

Mavros Y, Kay S, Simpson, K A, et al.Reductions in C-reactive protein in older adults with type 2 diabetes are related to improvements in body composition following a randomized controlled trial of resistance training. Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle; 2018; 5: 111-120.

World Health Organisation. 10 facts about diabetes. Available from URL: http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/diabetes/en/index.html.2011. Accessed 19 June 2012.

Bellary, S., Kyrou, I., Brown, J. E., & Bailey, C. J. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in older adults: clinical considerations and management. Nature Reviews Endocrinology; 2021; 17(9): 534-548.

Tam A C Y, Chan A W Y, Cheung D S K, et al. The effects of interventions to enhance cognitive and physical functions in older people with cognitive frailty: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Review of Aging and Physical Activit; 2022; 9(1): 19.

Li J, Zhu L, YangY, et al. Prevalence and potential influencing factors for social frailty among community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatrics;2024; 24: 762. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-024-05365-8.

World Health Organization. Global age-friendly cities: A guide.2007. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241547307

Lloyd-Sherlock, P. Population ageing and international development: From generalisation to evidence. Policy Press; 2010.

Morley J E . Hormones and sarcopenia. Current pharmaceutical design; 2017; 23(30): 4484-4492.

Dirks M L, Wall T, Van De Valk, et al. One week of bed rest leads to substantial muscle atrophy and induces whole-body insulin resistance in the absence of skeletal muscle lipid accumulation. Diabetes; 2016; 65(10): 2862-2875.

Hood D A, Memme J , Oliveir, A N, et al. Maintenance of skeletal muscle mitochondria in health, exercise, and aging. Annual review of physiology; 2019; 81(1): 19-41.

Fielding R A, Vellas B, Evans W J, et al. Sarcopenia: An undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care; 2011; 14(1):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283408e4b

Bouchard C, Blair S N, & Haskell W L. Physical activity and health. Human Kinetics; 2012.

Xing H, Lu J, Yoong S Q, et al. Effect of aerobic and resistant exercise intervention on inflammaging of type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged and older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association; 2022; 23(5): 823-830.

Boule N G, Hadda E, Kenny G P. Effects of exercise on glycemic control and body mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. JAMA; 2001; 286(10): 1218–1227. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.286.10.1218.

Richter E A, & Hargreaves M. Exercise, GLUT4, and skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Physiological reviews; 2013.

Umpierre D, Ribeiro P A, Kramer C K, et al.Physical activity advice only or structured exercise training and association with HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Jama; 2011; 305(17): 1790-1799.

Teixeira de Lemos E, Pinto R, Oliveira J, & Reis F. Regular physical exercise training assists in preventing type 2 diabetes development: focus on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Cardiovascular Diabetology; 2011; 10, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2840-10-12

Simioni C, Zauli G, Martelli A M, et al. Oxidative stress: role of physical exercise and antioxidant nutraceuticals in adulthood and aging. Oncotarget;2018;9(24):17181–17198. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.24729.

Mallard R., Hollekim-Strand S M, Coombes J. S, et al. Exercise intensity, redox homeostasis and inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport; 2017; 20(10): 893–898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.03.008

Zhao H, He Z, Yun H, et al. A meta-analysis of the effects of different exercise modes on inflammatory response in the elderly. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health; 2022; 19(16),:10451. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610451.

Chomiuk T, Niezgoda N, Mamcarz A, et al. Physical activity in metabolic syndrome. Frontiers in physiology; 2024; 15: 1365761.

El-Kader S M , Al-Jiffri O H, et al. Aerobic exercises alleviate symptoms of fatigue related to inflammatory cytokines in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. African Health Sciences; 2015; 15(4): 1142–1148. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v15i4.4.

Pahor M, Guralnik J M., Ambrosius W T., et al. Effect of structured physical activity on prevention of major mobility disability in older adults: the LIFE study randomized clinical trial. Jama; 2014: 311(23), 2387-2396.

American Diabetes Association (ADA). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. Diabetes Care; 2024;47(S1): S1–S150. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc24-S001.

Eckardt K, Görgens S.W, Raschke S, et al. Myokines in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia; 2014; 57: 1087-1099.

Thompson, W. (Ed.). Sampling rare or elusive species: concepts, designs, and techniques for estimating population parameters. Island Press. 2013.

Plotnikoff R C, Costigan S.A, Williams R L, et al. Effectiveness of interventions targeting physical activity, nutrition and healthy weight for university and college students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity; 2015;12(10).

Anderson R J, & Shivakumar G. Effects of exercise and physical activity on anxiety. Frontiers in Psychiatry; 2013; (4): 27. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00027

Baumeister R F, & Leary M R. The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin; 1995; 117(3): 497–529.

Kirk-Sanchez N J, & McGough E L. Physical exercise and cognitive performance in the elderly: Current perspectives. Clinical Interventions in Aging; 2014;9:51–62. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S39506

Feil D G, Zhu C W, & Sultzer D L. The relationship between cognitive impairment and diabetes self-management in a population-based community sample of older adults with Type 2 diabetes. Journal of Behavioral Medicine; 2011; 35(2): 190–199.

Jayedi A, Emadi A, & Shab-Bidar S. Dose-dependent effect of supervised aerobic exercise on HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sports Medicine; 2022; 52(8): 1919-1938.

Grace A, Chan E, Giallauria F, Graham P L, et al. Clinical outcomes and glycaemic responses to different aerobic exercise training intensities in type II diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovascular diabetology; 2017; 16: 1-10.

Liang Z, Zhang M, Wang C, The Best Exercise Modality and Dose to Reduce Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review with Pairwise, Network, and Dose–Response Meta-Analyses. Sports Medicine; 2024;54(10), 2557-2570.

Garcia S P, Cureau F V, de Quadros Iorra F, et al. Effects of exercise training and physical activity advice on HbA1c in people with type 2 diabetes: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice; 2025; 112027.

Stephanie Brown (2023). Exercising later in the day helps better control blood sugar levels.https://www.verywellhealth.com/diabetes-and-exercise-timing 7563245?utm_source=chatgpt.com

Asgharzadeh A, Patel M, Connock M, et al. The efficacy of resistance exercise training on metabolic health, body composition, and muscle strength in older adults with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice; 2024; 28(80):1–190. https://doi.org/10.3310/JYPL3536

Botton C E, Umpierre D, Rech A, et al. Effects of resistance training on neuromuscular parameters in elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized clinical trial. Experimental gerontology; 2018; 113, 141-149.

Hsieh P L, Tseng C H, Tseng Y J, et al. Resistance training improves muscle function and cardiometabolic risks but not quality of life in older people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy; 2018; 41(2): 65-76.

Morrison S, Simmons R, Colberg S R.,et al. Supervised balance training and Wii Fit–Based exercises lower falls risk in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association; 2018; 19(2): 185-e7.

Santos M A, Silva M A, et al. Effects of a power training program in the functional capacity, on body balance and lower limb muscle strength of elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Physical Therapy Science; 2021; 33(6):474–479. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.33.474

Kraiwong R, Vongsirinavarat M, Rueankam M, et al. Effects of physical-cognitive training on physical and psychological functions among older adults with type 2 diabetes and balance impairment: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of exercise rehabilitation; 2021; 17(2): 120.

Herriott M ., Colberg . R, Parson H K., et al.Effects of 8 weeks of flexibility and resistance training in older adults with type 2 diabetes. DiabetesCare;2004;27(12):2988–2989. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.12.2988

Kanaley J A, Colberg S R, Corcoran M H, et al. Exercise/physical activity in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a consensus statement from the American College of Sports Medicine. Medicine and science in sports and exercise; 2022; 54(2): 353.